شيخ

See also: شیخ and سیخ

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ش ي خ (š-y-ḵ), related to the verb شَاخَ (šāḵa, “to age, to grow old”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃajx/
- (Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ʃeːx/
- (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /ʃeːx/, [ʃe̞ːx]

Noun

شَيْخ • (šayḵ) m (plural شُيُوخ (šuyūḵ) or أَشْيَاخ (ʔašyāḵ) or مَشْيَخَة (mašyaḵa) or مَشَايِخ (mašāyiḵ))

old man
elderly gentleman, elder
sheik, chief, chieftain, patriarch
senator
sheik; Dr.; professor (title of professors and spiritual leaders)
sir (respectful title of address)
master (someone outstanding or excellent)
شَيْخُ الشَّباب ― šayḵu š-šabāb ― the greatest of all guys (literally, “the master of youths”)

Declension

Declension of noun شَيْخ (šayḵ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَيْخ šayḵ	الشَّيْخ aš-šayḵ	شَيْخ šayḵ
Nominative	شَيْخٌ šayḵun	الشَّيْخُ aš-šayḵu	شَيْخُ šayḵu
Accusative	شَيْخًا šayḵan	الشَّيْخَ aš-šayḵa	شَيْخَ šayḵa
Genitive	شَيْخٍ šayḵin	الشَّيْخِ aš-šayḵi	شَيْخِ šayḵi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَيْخَيْن šayḵayn	الشَّيْخَيْن aš-šayḵayn	شَيْخَيْ šayḵay
Nominative	شَيْخَانِ šayḵāni	الشَّيْخَانِ aš-šayḵāni	شَيْخَا šayḵā
Accusative	شَيْخَيْنِ šayḵayni	الشَّيْخَيْنِ aš-šayḵayni	شَيْخَيْ šayḵay
Genitive	شَيْخَيْنِ šayḵayni	الشَّيْخَيْنِ aš-šayḵayni	شَيْخَيْ šayḵay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شُيُوخ‎; أَشْيَاخ‎; مَشْيَخَة‎; مَشَايِخ‎; مَشَائِخ šuyūḵ‎; ʔašyāḵ‎; mašyaḵa‎; mašāyiḵ‎; mašāʔiḵ	الشُّيُوخ‎; الْأَشْيَاخ‎; الْمَشْيَخَة‎; الْمَشَايِخ‎; الْمَشَائِخ aš-šuyūḵ‎; al-ʔašyāḵ‎; al-mašyaḵa‎; al-mašāyiḵ‎; al-mašāʔiḵ	شُيُوخ‎; أَشْيَاخ‎; مَشْيَخَة‎; مَشَايِخ‎; مَشَائِخ šuyūḵ‎; ʔašyāḵ‎; mašyaḵat‎; mašāyiḵ‎; mašāʔiḵ
Nominative	شُيُوخٌ‎; أَشْيَاخٌ‎; مَشْيَخَةٌ‎; مَشَايِخُ‎; مَشَائِخُ šuyūḵun‎; ʔašyāḵun‎; mašyaḵatun‎; mašāyiḵu‎; mašāʔiḵu	الشُّيُوخُ‎; الْأَشْيَاخُ‎; الْمَشْيَخَةُ‎; الْمَشَايِخُ‎; الْمَشَائِخُ aš-šuyūḵu‎; al-ʔašyāḵu‎; al-mašyaḵatu‎; al-mašāyiḵu‎; al-mašāʔiḵu	شُيُوخُ‎; أَشْيَاخُ‎; مَشْيَخَةُ‎; مَشَايِخُ‎; مَشَائِخُ šuyūḵu‎; ʔašyāḵu‎; mašyaḵatu‎; mašāyiḵu‎; mašāʔiḵu
Accusative	شُيُوخًا‎; أَشْيَاخًا‎; مَشْيَخَةً‎; مَشَايِخَ‎; مَشَائِخَ šuyūḵan‎; ʔašyāḵan‎; mašyaḵatan‎; mašāyiḵa‎; mašāʔiḵa	الشُّيُوخَ‎; الْأَشْيَاخَ‎; الْمَشْيَخَةَ‎; الْمَشَايِخَ‎; الْمَشَائِخَ aš-šuyūḵa‎; al-ʔašyāḵa‎; al-mašyaḵata‎; al-mašāyiḵa‎; al-mašāʔiḵa	شُيُوخَ‎; أَشْيَاخَ‎; مَشْيَخَةَ‎; مَشَايِخَ‎; مَشَائِخَ šuyūḵa‎; ʔašyāḵa‎; mašyaḵata‎; mašāyiḵa‎; mašāʔiḵa
Genitive	شُيُوخٍ‎; أَشْيَاخٍ‎; مَشْيَخَةٍ‎; مَشَايِخَ‎; مَشَائِخَ šuyūḵin‎; ʔašyāḵin‎; mašyaḵatin‎; mašāyiḵa‎; mašāʔiḵa	الشُّيُوخِ‎; الْأَشْيَاخِ‎; الْمَشْيَخَةِ‎; الْمَشَايِخِ‎; الْمَشَائِخِ aš-šuyūḵi‎; al-ʔašyāḵi‎; al-mašyaḵati‎; al-mašāyiḵi‎; al-mašāʔiḵi	شُيُوخِ‎; أَشْيَاخِ‎; مَشْيَخَةِ‎; مَشَايِخِ‎; مَشَائِخِ šuyūḵi‎; ʔašyāḵi‎; mašyaḵati‎; mašāyiḵi‎; mašāʔiḵi

Descendants

Andalusian Arabic: شيخ (šéḵ)
- → Catalan: xeic
- → Old Spanish: xeque
  - Spanish: jeque
    - → Tagalog: heke
Maltese: xiħ
→ Bengali: শেখ (śekh)
→ Chinese: 謝赫／谢赫 (xièhè)
→ Classical Syriac: ܫܝܟ (šayḵ)
→ Czech: šejk
→ Dutch: sjeik
→ English: sheik, sheikh
→ Esperanto: ŝejĥo
→ French: cheikh
- → Hungarian: sejk
→ German: Scheich
→ Hausa: shaihī̀, shēhū̀
→ Faroese: sjeikur
→ Italian: sceicco
→ Northern Kurdish: şêx
→ Norwegian Bokmål: sjeik
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sjeik
→ Ottoman Turkish: شیخ (şeyh)
- Turkish: şeyh
- → Albanian: sheh
- → Romanian: șeic
→ Persian: شیخ (šeyx)
- → Azerbaijani: şeyx
- → Kholosi: šēx
- → Urdu: شیخ (śaix)
→ Polish: szejk
→ Portuguese: xeique, xeque
→ Russian: шейх (šejx)
→ Swahili: shehe, sheik
- → Chichewa: shéhe
→ Swedish: shejk
→ Uyghur: شەيخ (sheyx)
→ Uzbek: shayx
→ Yiddish: שייך (sheykh)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “شيخ”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

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