شمع
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ش م ع (š-m-ʕ) meaning "to spread or disperse", hence melting wax.
Noun
شَمْع or شَمَع • (šamʕ or šamaʕ) m (collective, singulative شَمْعَة f (šamʕa) or شَمَعَة (šamaʕa), plural شُمُوع (šumūʕ))
Declension
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمْع; شَمَع šamʕ; šamaʕ |
الشَّمْع; الشَّمَع aš-šamʕ; aš-šamaʕ |
شَمْع; شَمَع šamʕ; šamaʕ |
Nominative | شَمْعٌ; شَمَعٌ šamʕun; šamaʕun |
الشَّمْعُ; الشَّمَعُ aš-šamʕu; aš-šamaʕu |
شَمْعُ; شَمَعُ šamʕu; šamaʕu |
Accusative | شَمْعًا; شَمَعًا šamʕan; šamaʕan |
الشَّمْعَ; الشَّمَعَ aš-šamʕa; aš-šamaʕa |
شَمْعَ; شَمَعَ šamʕa; šamaʕa |
Genitive | شَمْعٍ; شَمَعٍ šamʕin; šamaʕin |
الشَّمْعِ; الشَّمَعِ aš-šamʕi; aš-šamaʕi |
شَمْعِ; شَمَعِ šamʕi; šamaʕi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمْعَة; شَمَعَة šamʕa; šamaʕa |
الشَّمْعَة; الشَّمَعَة aš-šamʕa; aš-šamaʕa |
شَمْعَة; شَمَعَة šamʕat; šamaʕat |
Nominative | شَمْعَةٌ; شَمَعَةٌ šamʕatun; šamaʕatun |
الشَّمْعَةُ; الشَّمَعَةُ aš-šamʕatu; aš-šamaʕatu |
شَمْعَةُ; شَمَعَةُ šamʕatu; šamaʕatu |
Accusative | شَمْعَةً; شَمَعَةً šamʕatan; šamaʕatan |
الشَّمْعَةَ; الشَّمَعَةَ aš-šamʕata; aš-šamaʕata |
شَمْعَةَ; شَمَعَةَ šamʕata; šamaʕata |
Genitive | شَمْعَةٍ; شَمَعَةٍ šamʕatin; šamaʕatin |
الشَّمْعَةِ; الشَّمَعَةِ aš-šamʕati; aš-šamaʕati |
شَمْعَةِ; شَمَعَةِ šamʕati; šamaʕati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَمْعَتَيْن; شَمَعَتَيْن šamʕatayn; šamaʕatayn |
الشَّمْعَتَيْن; الشَّمَعَتَيْن aš-šamʕatayn; aš-šamaʕatayn |
شَمْعَتَيْ; شَمَعَتَيْ šamʕatay; šamaʕatay |
Nominative | شَمْعَتَانِ; شَمَعَتَانِ šamʕatāni; šamaʕatāni |
الشَّمْعَتَانِ; الشَّمَعَتَانِ aš-šamʕatāni; aš-šamaʕatāni |
شَمْعَتَا; شَمَعَتَا šamʕatā; šamaʕatā |
Accusative | شَمْعَتَيْنِ; شَمَعَتَيْنِ šamʕatayni; šamaʕatayni |
الشَّمْعَتَيْنِ; الشَّمَعَتَيْنِ aš-šamʕatayni; aš-šamaʕatayni |
شَمْعَتَيْ; شَمَعَتَيْ šamʕatay; šamaʕatay |
Genitive | شَمْعَتَيْنِ; شَمَعَتَيْنِ šamʕatayni; šamaʕatayni |
الشَّمْعَتَيْنِ; الشَّمَعَتَيْنِ aš-šamʕatayni; aš-šamaʕatayni |
شَمْعَتَيْ; شَمَعَتَيْ šamʕatay; šamaʕatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمْعَات; شَمَعَات šamʕāt; šamaʕāt |
الشَّمْعَات; الشَّمَعَات aš-šamʕāt; aš-šamaʕāt |
شَمْعَات; شَمَعَات šamʕāt; šamaʕāt |
Nominative | شَمْعَاتٌ; شَمَعَاتٌ šamʕātun; šamaʕātun |
الشَّمْعَاتُ; الشَّمَعَاتُ aš-šamʕātu; aš-šamaʕātu |
شَمْعَاتُ; شَمَعَاتُ šamʕātu; šamaʕātu |
Accusative | شَمْعَاتٍ; شَمَعَاتٍ šamʕātin; šamaʕātin |
الشَّمْعَاتِ; الشَّمَعَاتِ aš-šamʕāti; aš-šamaʕāti |
شَمْعَاتِ; شَمَعَاتِ šamʕāti; šamaʕāti |
Genitive | شَمْعَاتٍ; شَمَعَاتٍ šamʕātin; šamaʕātin |
الشَّمْعَاتِ; الشَّمَعَاتِ aš-šamʕāti; aš-šamaʕāti |
شَمْعَاتِ; شَمَعَاتِ šamʕāti; šamaʕāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شُمُوع šumūʕ |
الشُّمُوع aš-šumūʕ |
شُمُوع šumūʕ |
Nominative | شُمُوعٌ šumūʕun |
الشُّمُوعُ aš-šumūʕu |
شُمُوعُ šumūʕu |
Accusative | شُمُوعًا šumūʕan |
الشُّمُوعَ aš-šumūʕa |
شُمُوعَ šumūʕa |
Genitive | شُمُوعٍ šumūʕin |
الشُّمُوعِ aš-šumūʕi |
شُمُوعِ šumūʕi |
Descendants
Etymology 2
From the root ش م ع (š-m-ʕ) in the sense of "to disperse or go away", "to be away from work", hence "to be at leisure".
Verb
شَمَعَ • (šamaʕa) I, non-past يَشْمَعُ (yašmaʕu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَمَعَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns شَمْع or شُمُوع or مَشْمَعَة)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
šamʕ or šumūʕ or mašmaʕa | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
شَامِع šāmiʕ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَشْمُوع mašmūʕ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šamaʕtu |
šamaʕta |
šamaʕa |
شَمَعْتُمَا šamaʕtumā |
شَمَعَا šamaʕā |
šamaʕnā |
šamaʕtum |
šamaʕū | |||
f | šamaʕti |
šamaʕat |
شَمَعَتَا šamaʕatā |
šamaʕtunna |
šamaʕna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašmaʕu |
tašmaʕu |
yašmaʕu |
تَشْمَعَانِ tašmaʕāni |
يَشْمَعَانِ yašmaʕāni |
našmaʕu |
tašmaʕūna |
yašmaʕūna | |||
f | tašmaʕīna |
tašmaʕu |
تَشْمَعَانِ tašmaʕāni |
tašmaʕna |
yašmaʕna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašmaʕa |
tašmaʕa |
yašmaʕa |
تَشْمَعَا tašmaʕā |
يَشْمَعَا yašmaʕā |
našmaʕa |
tašmaʕū |
yašmaʕū | |||
f | tašmaʕī |
tašmaʕa |
تَشْمَعَا tašmaʕā |
tašmaʕna |
yašmaʕna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašmaʕ |
tašmaʕ |
yašmaʕ |
تَشْمَعَا tašmaʕā |
يَشْمَعَا yašmaʕā |
našmaʕ |
tašmaʕū |
yašmaʕū | |||
f | tašmaʕī |
tašmaʕ |
تَشْمَعَا tašmaʕā |
tašmaʕna |
yašmaʕna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِشْمَعْ išmaʕ |
اِشْمَعَا išmaʕā |
اِشْمَعُوا išmaʕū |
||||||||
f | اِشْمَعِي išmaʕī |
اِشْمَعْنَ išmaʕna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šumiʕtu |
šumiʕta |
šumiʕa |
شُمِعْتُمَا šumiʕtumā |
شُمِعَا šumiʕā |
šumiʕnā |
šumiʕtum |
šumiʕū | |||
f | šumiʕti |
šumiʕat |
شُمِعَتَا šumiʕatā |
šumiʕtunna |
šumiʕna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušmaʕu |
tušmaʕu |
yušmaʕu |
تُشْمَعَانِ tušmaʕāni |
يُشْمَعَانِ yušmaʕāni |
nušmaʕu |
tušmaʕūna |
yušmaʕūna | |||
f | tušmaʕīna |
tušmaʕu |
تُشْمَعَانِ tušmaʕāni |
tušmaʕna |
yušmaʕna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušmaʕa |
tušmaʕa |
yušmaʕa |
تُشْمَعَا tušmaʕā |
يُشْمَعَا yušmaʕā |
nušmaʕa |
tušmaʕū |
yušmaʕū | |||
f | tušmaʕī |
tušmaʕa |
تُشْمَعَا tušmaʕā |
tušmaʕna |
yušmaʕna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušmaʕ |
tušmaʕ |
yušmaʕ |
تُشْمَعَا tušmaʕā |
يُشْمَعَا yušmaʕā |
nušmaʕ |
tušmaʕū |
yušmaʕū | |||
f | tušmaʕī |
tušmaʕ |
تُشْمَعَا tušmaʕā |
tušmaʕna |
yušmaʕna |
Etymology 3
Probably denominal.
Verb
شَمَّعَ • (šammaʕa) II, non-past يُشَمِّعُ (yušammiʕu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَمَّعَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tašmīʕ | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mušammiʕ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mušammaʕ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šammaʕtu |
šammaʕta |
šammaʕa |
شَمَّعْتُمَا šammaʕtumā |
شَمَّعَا šammaʕā |
šammaʕnā |
šammaʕtum |
šammaʕū | |||
f | šammaʕti |
šammaʕat |
شَمَّعَتَا šammaʕatā |
šammaʕtunna |
šammaʕna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušammiʕu |
tušammiʕu |
yušammiʕu |
تُشَمِّعَانِ tušammiʕāni |
يُشَمِّعَانِ yušammiʕāni |
nušammiʕu |
tušammiʕūna |
yušammiʕūna | |||
f | tušammiʕīna |
tušammiʕu |
تُشَمِّعَانِ tušammiʕāni |
tušammiʕna |
yušammiʕna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušammiʕa |
tušammiʕa |
yušammiʕa |
تُشَمِّعَا tušammiʕā |
يُشَمِّعَا yušammiʕā |
nušammiʕa |
tušammiʕū |
yušammiʕū | |||
f | tušammiʕī |
tušammiʕa |
تُشَمِّعَا tušammiʕā |
tušammiʕna |
yušammiʕna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušammiʕ |
tušammiʕ |
yušammiʕ |
تُشَمِّعَا tušammiʕā |
يُشَمِّعَا yušammiʕā |
nušammiʕ |
tušammiʕū |
yušammiʕū | |||
f | tušammiʕī |
tušammiʕ |
تُشَمِّعَا tušammiʕā |
tušammiʕna |
yušammiʕna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | šammiʕ |
شَمِّعَا šammiʕā |
šammiʕū |
||||||||
f | šammiʕī |
šammiʕna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šummiʕtu |
šummiʕta |
šummiʕa |
شُمِّعْتُمَا šummiʕtumā |
شُمِّعَا šummiʕā |
šummiʕnā |
šummiʕtum |
šummiʕū | |||
f | šummiʕti |
šummiʕat |
شُمِّعَتَا šummiʕatā |
šummiʕtunna |
šummiʕna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušammaʕu |
tušammaʕu |
yušammaʕu |
تُشَمَّعَانِ tušammaʕāni |
يُشَمَّعَانِ yušammaʕāni |
nušammaʕu |
tušammaʕūna |
yušammaʕūna | |||
f | tušammaʕīna |
tušammaʕu |
تُشَمَّعَانِ tušammaʕāni |
tušammaʕna |
yušammaʕna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušammaʕa |
tušammaʕa |
yušammaʕa |
تُشَمَّعَا tušammaʕā |
يُشَمَّعَا yušammaʕā |
nušammaʕa |
tušammaʕū |
yušammaʕū | |||
f | tušammaʕī |
tušammaʕa |
تُشَمَّعَا tušammaʕā |
tušammaʕna |
yušammaʕna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušammaʕ |
tušammaʕ |
yušammaʕ |
تُشَمَّعَا tušammaʕā |
يُشَمَّعَا yušammaʕā |
nušammaʕ |
tušammaʕū |
yušammaʕū | |||
f | tušammaʕī |
tušammaʕ |
تُشَمَّعَا tušammaʕā |
tušammaʕna |
yušammaʕna |
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شمع”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1598
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شمع”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 556
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “شمع”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 568
Ottoman Turkish
Noun
شمع • (şemʼ)
Derived terms
- شمع افروخته (şemʼ-i efrūhte, “lighted candle”)
- شمع عسل (şemʼ-i ʼasel, “beeswax”)
- شمع فلك (şemʼ-i felek, “sun”)
- شمع كافور (şemʼ-i kâfur, “candle of white wax”)
- شمع كشته (şemʼ-i küşte, “extinguished candle”)
- شمعدان (şemʼdan, “candlestick”)
Descendants
- Turkish: şem
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “şem2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4454
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شمع”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 734
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cera”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 170
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “شمع”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, columns 2861–2862
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شمع”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1136
Persian
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ˈʃamʔ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʃǽmʔ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʃǽm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʃǽm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʃǽmʔ]
- (Tehrani) IPA(key): [ʃǽm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʃǽmʔ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | šam' |
Dari reading? | šam' |
Iranian reading? | šam' |
Tajik reading? | šamʾ |
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ش م ع |
2 terms |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃamʕ/, [ˈʃa.m(ɪ)ʕ]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Noun
شمع • (šamʕ) m (collective, singulative شمعة f (šamʕa), paucal شمعات (šamʕāt))
- wax
- (uncountable) candles
See also
- شمعدان (šamʕdān, “candlestick, candleholder”)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian شمع (šam'), from Arabic شَمْع (šamʕ).
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