سلطان

Arabic
Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire

Etymology

From the root س ل ط (s-l-ṭ). Cognates with Aramaic שׁוּלְטָנָא / ܫܘܼܠܛܵܢܵܐ (šulṭānā, “power”) and Hebrew שִׁלְטוֹן (shiltón, “rulership, authority”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sul.tˤaːn/

Noun

سُلْطَان • (sulṭān) m or f (usually uncountable)

  1. power, strength
  2. rule, dominion
  3. authority
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 53:23:
      إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا أَسْمَاءٌ سَمَّيْتُمُوهَا أَنْتُمْ وَآبَاؤُكُم مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلْطَانٍ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى الأَنْفُسُ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُم مِن رَبِّهِمُ الهُدَى
      ʔin hiya ʔillā ʔasmāʔun sammaytumūhā ʔantum wa-ʔābāʔukum mā ʔanzala l-lahu bihā min sulṭānin ʔin yattabiʕūna ʔillā ẓ-ẓanna wa-mā tahwā l-ʔanfusu wa-laqad jāʔahum min rabbihimu l-hudā
      These are but names which you have coined—you and your fathers—for which God has not sent down any authority. They follow nothing but conjectures and the desires of the [lower] soul, while there has already come to them the guidance from their Lord.
  4. mandate, authorization
  5. proof, evidence, an argument or case against
  6. a plea, an allegation, the grounds or basis for one's case being superior
  7. justification

Declension
Declension of noun سُلْطَان (sulṭān)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سُلْطَان
sulṭān		 السُّلْطَان
as-sulṭān		 سُلْطَان
sulṭān
Nominative سُلْطَانٌ
sulṭānun		 السُّلْطَانُ
as-sulṭānu		 سُلْطَانُ
sulṭānu
Accusative سُلْطَانًا
sulṭānan		 السُّلْطَانَ
as-sulṭāna		 سُلْطَانَ
sulṭāna
Genitive سُلْطَانٍ
sulṭānin		 السُّلْطَانِ
as-sulṭāni		 سُلْطَانِ
sulṭāni

Noun

سُلْطَان • (sulṭān) m (plural سَلَاطِين (salāṭīn))

  1. sultan

Declension
Declension of noun سُلْطَان (sulṭān)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سُلْطَان
sulṭān		 السُّلْطَان
as-sulṭān		 سُلْطَان
sulṭān
Nominative سُلْطَانٌ
sulṭānun		 السُّلْطَانُ
as-sulṭānu		 سُلْطَانُ
sulṭānu
Accusative سُلْطَانًا
sulṭānan		 السُّلْطَانَ
as-sulṭāna		 سُلْطَانَ
sulṭāna
Genitive سُلْطَانٍ
sulṭānin		 السُّلْطَانِ
as-sulṭāni		 سُلْطَانِ
sulṭāni
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سُلْطَانَيْن
sulṭānayn		 السُّلْطَانَيْن
as-sulṭānayn		 سُلْطَانَيْ
sulṭānay
Nominative سُلْطَانَانِ
sulṭānāni		 السُّلْطَانَانِ
as-sulṭānāni		 سُلْطَانَا
sulṭānā
Accusative سُلْطَانَيْنِ
sulṭānayni		 السُّلْطَانَيْنِ
as-sulṭānayni		 سُلْطَانَيْ
sulṭānay
Genitive سُلْطَانَيْنِ
sulṭānayni		 السُّلْطَانَيْنِ
as-sulṭānayni		 سُلْطَانَيْ
sulṭānay
Plural basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سَلَاطِين
salāṭīn		 السَّلَاطِين
as-salāṭīn		 سَلَاطِين
salāṭīn
Nominative سَلَاطِينُ
salāṭīnu		 السَّلَاطِينُ
as-salāṭīnu		 سَلَاطِينُ
salāṭīnu
Accusative سَلَاطِينَ
salāṭīna		 السَّلَاطِينَ
as-salāṭīna		 سَلَاطِينَ
salāṭīna
Genitive سَلَاطِينَ
salāṭīna		 السَّلَاطِينِ
as-salāṭīni		 سَلَاطِينِ
salāṭīni

Descendants
  • Maltese: sultan
Borrowings

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sul.taːn/

Noun

سلطان (plural سلطان٢, informal 1st possessive سلطانکو, 2nd possessive سلطانمو, 3rd possessive سلطانڽ)

  1. sultan

Further reading

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

Noun

سلطان • (sultan)

  1. sultan

Descendants
Borrowings

References

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [sʊl̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [sul̪.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

Readings
Classical reading? sultān
Dari reading? sultān
Iranian reading? soltân
Tajik reading? sulton

Noun
Dari سلطان
Iranian Persian
Tajik султон

سُلْطان • (soltân) (plural سلاطین (salâtin) or سلطان‌ها (soltân-hâ))

  1. sultan; king, ruler, sovereign
    Synonyms: پادشاه (pâdešâh), شاه (šâh), ملک (malek)
    • c. 1100, Amīr Mu'izzī, “Qaṣīda 41”, in دیوان امیر معزی‎:
      جز خداوندی که عالم بندهٔ تقدیر اوست
      کیست در عالم‌ که او سلطان سلطان سنجر است
      juz xudāwandē ki ālam banda-yi taqdīr-i ō-st
      kē-st dar ālam ki ō sultān-i sultān sanjar ast
      Save for the Lord to whose decree the world is a slave,
      Who in the world is there to be king over Sultan Sanjar?
      (Classical Persian transliteration)

Descendants
  • → Assamese: চুলতান (sultan)
  • → Bengali: সুলতান (śulotan)
  • → Gujarati: સુલતાન (sultān)
  • Hindustani:
  • → Kazakh: сұлтан (sūltan)
  • → Marathi: सुलतान (sultān)
  • → Old Gujarati: सुरताण (suratāṇa)
    • Gojri: سُلْطَانْ (sultān)
    • Middle Gujarati: सुलताण
    • Malvi: सल्तान (saltān)
    • Marwari:
      Devanagari script: सुलतांण (sultā̃ṇ), सुलतान (sultān), सुलतांन (sultā̃n)
      Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅢 (sultnṇ), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧 (sultn), 𑅰𑅒𑅮𑅣𑅧𑅧 (sultnn)
  • → Sindhi: سُلْطانُ
  • → Tatar: солтан (soltan)
  • → Turkmen: soltan
  • → Uyghur: سۇلتان (sultan)
  • → Uzbek: sulton

Sindhi

Etymology

From Classical Persian سلطان (sultān), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

Noun

سُلْطانُ • (sultānu) m (Devanagari सुल्तानु)

  1. king; emperor

References
  • Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “سلطان”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سلطان (sultān), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

Pronunciation

Noun

سُلْطان • (sultān) m (Hindi spelling सुल्तान)

  1. sultan
    Synonyms: سَمْراٹ (samrāṭ), بادْشاہ (bādśāh), سَمْراج (samrāj), پادْشاہ (pādśāh), شَہَنْشاہ (śahanśāh)
  2. king
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