حنيف

Arabic

Etymology

Of the root ح ن ف (ḥ-n-f). Probably an Aramaic loan, borrowing first the plural of Classical Syriac ܚܢܦܐ (ḥanpā, “pagan, impious”) and back-forming the Arabic singular, or from a differently vocalized Nabataean Aramaic relative of it, the details are disputed, like the semantics were a source of disagreement from the beginning.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ħa.niːf/

Adjective

حَنِيف • (ḥanīf) (masculine plural حُنَفَاء (ḥunafāʔ))

  1. inclining
    1. inclining from one religion to another
      1. belonging to the right religion, of true belief
      2. (more often obsolete) someone connected to a wrong religion, impious, deviatory

Declension
Declension of adjective حَنِيف (ḥanīf)
Singular Masculine Feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal حَنِيف
ḥanīf		 الْحَنِيف
al-ḥanīf		 حَنِيفَة
ḥanīfa		 الْحَنِيفَة
al-ḥanīfa
Nominative حَنِيفٌ
ḥanīfun		 الْحَنِيفُ
al-ḥanīfu		 حَنِيفَةٌ
ḥanīfatun		 الْحَنِيفَةُ
al-ḥanīfatu
Accusative حَنِيفًا
ḥanīfan		 الْحَنِيفَ
al-ḥanīfa		 حَنِيفَةً
ḥanīfatan		 الْحَنِيفَةَ
al-ḥanīfata
Genitive حَنِيفٍ
ḥanīfin		 الْحَنِيفِ
al-ḥanīfi		 حَنِيفَةٍ
ḥanīfatin		 الْحَنِيفَةِ
al-ḥanīfati
Dual Masculine Feminine
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal حَنِيفَيْن
ḥanīfayn		 الْحَنِيفَيْن
al-ḥanīfayn		 حَنِيفَتَيْن
ḥanīfatayn		 الْحَنِيفَتَيْن
al-ḥanīfatayn
Nominative حَنِيفَانِ
ḥanīfāni		 الْحَنِيفَانِ
al-ḥanīfāni		 حَنِيفَتَانِ
ḥanīfatāni		 الْحَنِيفَتَانِ
al-ḥanīfatāni
Accusative حَنِيفَيْنِ
ḥanīfayni		 الْحَنِيفَيْنِ
al-ḥanīfayni		 حَنِيفَتَيْنِ
ḥanīfatayni		 الْحَنِيفَتَيْنِ
al-ḥanīfatayni
Genitive حَنِيفَيْنِ
ḥanīfayni		 الْحَنِيفَيْنِ
al-ḥanīfayni		 حَنِيفَتَيْنِ
ḥanīfatayni		 الْحَنِيفَتَيْنِ
al-ḥanīfatayni
Plural Masculine Feminine
basic broken plural diptote sound feminine plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal حُنَفَاء
ḥunafāʔ		 الْحُنَفَاء
al-ḥunafāʔ		 حَنِيفَات
ḥanīfāt		 الْحَنِيفَات
al-ḥanīfāt
Nominative حُنَفَاءُ
ḥunafāʔu		 الْحُنَفَاءُ
al-ḥunafāʔu		 حَنِيفَاتٌ
ḥanīfātun		 الْحَنِيفَاتُ
al-ḥanīfātu
Accusative حُنَفَاءَ
ḥunafāʔa		 الْحُنَفَاءَ
al-ḥunafāʔa		 حَنِيفَاتٍ
ḥanīfātin		 الْحَنِيفَاتِ
al-ḥanīfāti
Genitive حُنَفَاءَ
ḥunafāʔa		 الْحُنَفَاءِ
al-ḥunafāʔi		 حَنِيفَاتٍ
ḥanīfātin		 الْحَنِيفَاتِ
al-ḥanīfāti

References
  • Denny, Frederick Mathewson (1977) “Some Religio-Communal Terms and Concepts in the Qurʾān”, in Numen. International Review for the History of Religions, volume 24, number 1, →DOI, pages 26–59
  • Faris, Nabih Amin with Glidden, Harold W. (1939) “The Development of the Meaning of the Koranic Ḥanīf”, in The Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society, volume 19, pages 1–13
  • Freytag, Georg (1835) “حنيف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 436
  • Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 112–115
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “حنيف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 658
  • Lyall, Charles James (1903) “The Words ‘Ḥanīf’ and ‘Muslim’”, in The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, number 4, →DOI, pages 771–784
  • Margoliouth, David Samuel (1903) “On the Origin and Import of the Names Muslim and Ḥanīf”, in The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, number 3, →DOI, pages 467–493
  • المسعودي (956) Michael Jan de Goeje, editor, كتاب التنبیه والأشراف [kitāb at-tanbīh wa-l-ʾišrāf]. Accedunt indices et glossarium ad tomos VII et VIII (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 8)‎ (in Arabic), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1894, page 91
  • Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 30
  • Sirry, Munʾim (2011 June 27) “The Early Development of the Quranic Ḥanīf”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, number 2, →DOI, pages 345–366
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “حنيف”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 300
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