تومان

Arabic

Etymology

From Persian (tumân).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tuː.maːn/

Noun

تُومَان • (tūmān) m (plural تَوَامِين (tawāmīn) or تُومَانَات (tūmānāt))

toman (informal currency of Iran, equivalent to ten rials)
- 2004, عَلِيّ شَرِيعَتِي (ʕaliyy šarīʕatī), translated by هادي السيد ياسين, النباهة والاستحمار, دار الأمير:
  عَمِّي يُحِبُّ الدِّيَكَةَ كَثِيرًا، أَتَىٰ السَّيِّدُ ذَاتَ يَوْمِ إِلَىٰ عَمِّي وَقَالَ: فِي بَهْمَنْ آبَاد (بِالقُرْبِ مِنْ قَرْيَتِنَا) تُبَاعُ الدُّيُوكُ رَخِيصَةً جِدًّا
  — كَمْ ثَمَنُ الوَاحِدَةِ مَثَلًا؟
  —دُيُوكٌ جَمِيلَةٌ وَسَلِيمَةٌ غَيْرُ أَمْرِيكِيَّةٍ، يُبَاعُ الوَاحِدُ بِخَمْسَةِ تَوَامِينَ!
  —(يُنْكِرُ عَلَيْهِ عَمِّي) لَا! كَيْفَ يُمْكِنُ هٰذَا؟! يُبَاعُ الدِّيكُ هُنَا بِعَشَرَةِ تَوَامِينَ، وَعَلَىٰ مَسَافَةِ كِيلُومِتْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَقَطْ يُبَاعُ بَخَمْسَةِ تَوَامِينَ؟! لَا يُمْكُنُ هٰذَا!
  —لَا يَا مَوْلَايَ، بَلْ هُوَ مُمْكِنٌ. أَعْطِنِي الثَّمَنَ فَآتِيكَ بِالدِّيُوكِ!
  —خُذْ، هٰذِهِ خَمْسُونَ تُومَانًا، اِئْتِنَا بِعَشْرَةٍ!
  وَيَمْضِي السَّيِّدُ وَبَعْدَ سَاعَتَيْنِ يَعُودُ بَعَشَرَةِ دُيُوكٍ كِبَارٍ وَسِمَانٍ، وَالْوَاحِدُ بِخَمْسَةِ تَوَامِينَ!
  ʕammī yuḥibbu d-diyakata kaṯīran, ʔatā s-sayyidu ḏāta yawmi ʔilā ʕammī waqāla: fī bahman ʔābād (bi-l-qurbi min qaryatinā) tubāʕu d-duyūku raḵīṣatan jiddan
  — kam ṯamanu l-wāḥidati maṯalan?
  —duyūkun jamīlatun wasalīmatun ḡayru ʔamrīkiyyatin, yubāʕu l-wāḥidu biḵamsati tawāmīna!
  —(yunkiru ʕalayhi ʕammī) lā! kayfa yumkinu hāḏā?! yubāʕu d-dīku hunā biʕašarati tawāmīna, waʕalā masāfati kīlūmitrin wāḥidin faqaṭ yubāʕu baḵamsati tawāmīna?! lā yumkunu hāḏā!
  —lā yā mawlāya, bal huwa mumkinun. ʔaʕṭinī ṯ-ṯamana faʔātīka bi-d-diyūki!
  —ḵuḏ, hāḏihi ḵamsūna tūmānan, iʔtinā biʕašratin!
  wayamḍī s-sayyidu wabaʕda sāʕatayni yaʕūdu baʕašarati duyūkin kibārin wasimānin, wālwāḥidu biḵamsati tawāmīna!
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Persian

Alternative forms

تومن (tuman), تمن (tuman) (colloquial)

Etymology

Borrowed from Mongolian түмэн (tümen, “ten thousand”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [toː.man]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰoː.män]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰoː.män]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊː.män]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuː.mæn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɵ.män]

Readings
Classical reading^?	tōman
Dari reading^?	tōman
Iranian reading^?	tuman
Tajik reading^?	tüman

Noun

تومان • (tumân)

(historical) toman, a former unit of currency of Iran
(now informal) toman, ten rial
(archaic) ten thousand
(archaic) a division of ten thousand soldiers
Synonym: لَشکَر (laškar, “division”)

Derived terms

Persian: امیرتومان (amir-tumân, “major general”)

Descendants

→ English: toman

References

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “تومان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

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