تنبل

See also: بنتل

Arabic

FWOTD – 22 February 2024

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian تَنْبَل (tanbal).

Adjective

تَنْبَل • (tanbal) (masculine plural تَنَابِلَة (tanābila))

  1. lazy
Declension

Verb

تَنْبَلَ • (tanbala) Iq, non-past يُتَنْبِلُ‎ (yutanbilu)

  1. to be or become lazy or sluggish
Conjugation

Etymology 2

Root
ن ب ل (n-b-l)

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ta.nab.ba.la⁩/ invalid IPA characters (⁩)

Verb

تَنَبَّلَ • (tanabbala) V, non-past يَتَنَبَّلُ‎ (yatanabbalu)

  1. to be noble, to be of high rank or talent, to excel
    • a. 525, Aš-Šanfara, أقيموا بني أمي صدور مطيكم (first line):
      وَلَيْلَةِ نَحْسٍ يَصْطَلِيَ القَوْسَ رَبُّهَا … وَأَقْطُعَهُ ٱللَّاتِي بِهَا يَتَنَبَّلُ
      دَعَسْتُ عَلَى غَطَشٍ وَبَغْشٍ وَصُحْبَتِي … سُعَارٌ وَإِرْزِيزٌ وَوَجْرٌ وَأَفْكُلُ
      wa-laylati naḥsin yaṣṭaliya l-qawsa rabbu-hā … wa-ʔaqṭuʕa-hū l-lātī bi-hā yatanabbalu
      daʕastu ʕalā ḡaṭašin wabaḡšin wa-ṣuḥbatī … suʕārun wa-ʔirzīzun wa-wajrun wa-ʔafkulu
      And the ill-fated night when the master warmed up his bow, … and his arrowtips, in the handling of which he had trow
      I trod upon darkness and rain-shower and my following … was the heat of night and snowy hail and timid gulps and shivering
Conjugation

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian تنبل (tanbal).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [tɛm.ˈbɛl]
  • (dialectal) IPA(key): [dɛm.ˈbɛl]

Adjective

تنبل • (tembel)

  1. lazy

Descendants

Persian

Etymology 1

According to Asatrian, sound-symbolic like Ossetian тымбыл (tymbyl, round) and Armenian թմբլիկ (tʻmblik, plump).

Pronunciation

 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäm.bǽl]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäm.bǽl]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäm.bǽl̥]

Readings
Classical reading? tanbal
Dari reading? tanbal
Iranian reading? tanbal
Tajik reading? tanbal

Adjective

تنبل • (tanbal) (comparative تنبل‌تَر (tanbal-tar), superlative تنبل‌تَرین (tanbal-tarin))

  1. lazy
  2. sluggish
Inflection
    Predicative forms of تنبل (tanbal)
singular plural
1st person
(“I am, we are”)
تنبلم
(tanbalam)
تنبلیم
(tanbalim)
2nd person
(“you are”)
تنبلی
(tanbali)
تنبلید
(tanbalid)
تنبلین
(tanbalin)
3rd person
(“he/she/it is, they are”)
تنبل است
(tanbal ast)
تنبله
(tanbale)
تنبلند
(tanbaland)
تنبلن
(tanbalan)
Colloquial.
Descendants

Etymology 2

Perhaps a corruption of Arabic تَنَبُّل (tanabbul).

Pronunciation

 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäm.bʊ́l]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäm.bʊ́l]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäm.búl̥]

Readings
Classical reading? tambul
Dari reading? tambul
Iranian reading? tambol
Tajik reading? tambul

Noun

تنبل • (tambol)

  1. (obsolete) trick, stratagem
    • 1010, Ferdowsi, شاهنامه [Shahnameh]:
      پشوتن چنین گفت کز پیل و شیر
      به تنبل فزونست مرد دلیر
      Pišōtan čunīn guft k-az pīl u šēr⁠
      ba tambul fuzūn ast mard-i dalēr
      Pišōtan said: "The brave man has more tricks than the elephant and the lion."
      (romanization in Classical Persian)

Further reading

  • Asatrian, Garnik (2011) A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, pages 760–761
  • Asatrjan, Garnik (2019) “Образования с суффиксальным элементом -l- в новоиранском [Formations with the suffixal element -l- in New Iranian]”, in Caucaso-Caspica IV: Research Papers from the Institute of Oriental Studies, RAU (in Russian), Yerevan: Russian-Armenian University, page 195 of 190–205
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “تنبل”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Persian تنبل (tanbal).

Adjective

تنبل • (tanbal) (common plural تنابل (tanābel))

  1. lazy
    Synonym: كسلان (kaslān)

See also

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