ترياق

Arabic
FWOTD – 27 December 2013

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Aramaic תִּירְיָיקָא / תִּרְיָיקָא / תִּירְיָאקָא / תִּרְיָאקָא (teryāqā), תִּירְיָיקִי / תִּרְיָיקִי / תִּירְיָקִי / תִּרְיָקִי (teryāqī) / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܐ / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܝ (teryaqē), from Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ, “antidote”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tir.jaːq/

Noun

تِرْيَاق • (tiryāq) m (plural تَرَايِيق (tarāyīq))

  1. antidote, counter-remedy, panacea, antitoxin, theriac, treacle
    Synonyms: شِيلْثَا (šīlṯā), مُضَادّ (muḍādd)
    • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 36:215:
      إِنَّ فِي عَجْوَةِ العَالِيَةِ شِفَاءً أَوْ إِنَّهَا تِرْيَاقٌ أَوَّلَ البُكْرَةِ
      ʔinna fī ʕajwati l-ʕāliyati šifāʔan ʔaw ʔinnahā tiryāqun ʔawwala l-bukrati
      The pressed dates of Aliya contain healing effects and are an antidote in the early morning.
    • a. 1350, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, aṭ-ṭibb an-nabawī [The Prophetic Medicine]:
      بِغَمْسِ الذُّبَابِ فِي الطَّعَامِ إِذَا سَقَطَ فِيهِ لِأَجْلِ الشِّفَاءِ الَّذِي فِي جِنَاحِهِ، وَهُوَ كَالتِّريَاقِ لِلسُّمِّ
      biḡamsi ḏ-ḏubābi fī ṭ-ṭaʿāmi ʾiḏā saqaṭa fīhi li-ʾajli š-šifāʾi llaḏī fī jināḥihi, wahuwa ka-t-tiryāqi li-s-summi
      Dipping house flies in food if they fall in for the healing effects in their wings, which is like an antitoxin.
  2. (poetic) alcohol, intoxicating drink
    Synonyms: عُقَار (ʕuqār), رَاح (rāḥ), نَبِيذ (nabīḏ), خَمْر (ḵamr), مُدَام (mudām)

Declension
Declension of noun تِرْيَاق (tiryāq)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal تِرْيَاق
tiryāq		 التِّرْيَاق
at-tiryāq		 تِرْيَاق
tiryāq
Nominative تِرْيَاقٌ
tiryāqun		 التِّرْيَاقُ
at-tiryāqu		 تِرْيَاقُ
tiryāqu
Accusative تِرْيَاقًا
tiryāqan		 التِّرْيَاقَ
at-tiryāqa		 تِرْيَاقَ
tiryāqa
Genitive تِرْيَاقٍ
tiryāqin		 التِّرْيَاقِ
at-tiryāqi		 تِرْيَاقِ
tiryāqi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal تِرْيَاقَيْن
tiryāqayn		 التِّرْيَاقَيْن
at-tiryāqayn		 تِرْيَاقَيْ
tiryāqay
Nominative تِرْيَاقَانِ
tiryāqāni		 التِّرْيَاقَانِ
at-tiryāqāni		 تِرْيَاقَا
tiryāqā
Accusative تِرْيَاقَيْنِ
tiryāqayni		 التِّرْيَاقَيْنِ
at-tiryāqayni		 تِرْيَاقَيْ
tiryāqay
Genitive تِرْيَاقَيْنِ
tiryāqayni		 التِّرْيَاقَيْنِ
at-tiryāqayni		 تِرْيَاقَيْ
tiryāqay
Plural basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal تَرَايِيق
tarāyīq		 التَّرَايِيق
at-tarāyīq		 تَرَايِيق
tarāyīq
Nominative تَرَايِيقُ
tarāyīqu		 التَّرَايِيقُ
at-tarāyīqu		 تَرَايِيقُ
tarāyīqu
Accusative تَرَايِيقَ
tarāyīqa		 التَّرَايِيقَ
at-tarāyīqa		 تَرَايِيقَ
tarāyīqa
Genitive تَرَايِيقَ
tarāyīqa		 التَّرَايِيقِ
at-tarāyīqi		 تَرَايِيقِ
tarāyīqi

Derived terms
  • تِرْيَاق كَبِير (tiryāq kabīr, “Venice treacle, theriaca magna”)

Descendants
  • → Persian: تریاق (taryâq, teryâq) (archaic)

References
  • “tryqˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 262
  • Shahîd, Irfan (2010) Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Volume II: Part 2: Economic, Social, and Cultural History, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, page 143
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.