ترقوة

From ر ق ي (r-q-y) meaning "being elevated", "being the uppermost"; so called for the bone's position at the upper limit of the torso.

• IPA^(key): /tar.qu.wa/

تَرْقُوَة • (tarquwa) f (plural تَرَاقٍ (tarāqin), plural construct state تَرَاقِي (tarāqī))

1. (countable, anatomy) the human collarbone, the clavicle
   • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 61:117:

     أَتَاهُ ذُو الْخُوَيْصِرَةِ ـ وَهْوَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ ـ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اعْدِلْ. فَقَالَ " وَيْلَكَ، وَمَنْ يَعْدِلُ إِذَا لَمْ أَعْدِلْ قَدْ خِبْتَ وَخَسِرْتَ إِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْدِلُ ". فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ائْذَنْ لِي فِيهِ، فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ. فَقَالَ " دَعْهُ فَإِنَّ لَهُ أَصْحَابًا، يَحْقِرُ أَحَدُكُمْ صَلَاتَهُ مَعَ صَلَاتِهِمْ وَصِيَامَهُ مَعَ صِيَامِهِمْ. يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ، يُنْظَرُ إِلَى نَصْلِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى رِصَافِهِ فَمَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى نَضِيِّهِ ـ وَهُوَ قِدْحُهُ ـ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى قُذَذِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ، قَدْ سَبَقَ الْفَرْثَ وَٱلدَّمَ. آيَتُهُمْ رَجُلٌ أَسْوَدُ إِحْدَى عَضُدَيْهِ مِثْلُ ثَدْىِ الْمَرْأَةِ، أَوْ مِثْلُ الْبَضْعَةِ تَدَرْدَرُ وَيَخْرُجُونَ عَلَى حِينِ فُرْقَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ

     [Then] Ḏū al-Ḵuwayṣirah, a man from Banū Tamīm, came to him [the Prophet] and said, "O Prophet of Allah. be fair"; [thereupon] he [the Prophet] said, "Damn you! Who would be fair if I am not? You are doomed and lost if I am not!" And so ʿUmar said, "O Prophet of Allah, let me strike his head off!" Then he [the Prophet] said, "Leave him [for now], for there are counterparts of him. You would scorn your own prayer when you look at theirs, and you would scorn your own fasting when you look at theirs. They would read the Qurʾān, but it shall not go beyond their collarbones! They shall transpierce the creed as the arrow transpierces game: one would look at the arrow’s blade and would see nothing; one would look at the sinew and would see nothing; one would look at the shaft (that is, the stick) and would see nothing; one would look at the fletching and would see nothing! For the arrow [by its speed] would have outpaced [and shaken off] the stools and the blood. Their sign is a black man one of whose upper arms is like a woman's breast or a jiggling lump, and they shall emerge in a time of dispute among men.

• “ترقوة” in Almaany
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ترقوة”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 910
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ترقوة”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 139