افغان

See also: أفغان

Ottoman Turkish

Noun

افغان • (Afgan)

  1. Afghan

Adjective

افغان • (Afgan)

  1. Afghan

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اَفْغَان (afğān).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /afɣɑn/

Noun

افغان • (afǧān) m

  1. Afghan

Declension
declension of افغان
singular plural
direct افغان
(afǧān)		 افغانان
(afǧānân)
oblique افغان
(afǧān)		 افغانانو
(afǧānâno)
vocative افغانه
(afǧāna)		 افغانانو
(afǧānâno)

Persian

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäf.ɣɑ́ːn]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔäv.ɣɑ́ːn]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔäv.ɣɔ́ːn]

Readings
Classical reading? afğān
Dari reading? afğān
Iranian reading? afğân
Tajik reading? afġon

Etymology 1

From Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”) + [script needed] (-āna, “ethnic group”): "people from a distant land". The /b/ > /f/ shift represents a phonetic peculiarity of the Early New Persian dialect of Khorasan.[1]

Noun
Dari افغان
Iranian Persian
Tajik афғон

افغان • (afğân) (plural افغان‌ها (afğân-hâ) or افاغنه (afâğene))

  1. Afghan (A person from Afghanistan)
  2. (historical) Pashtun
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Sogdian [script needed] (ʾβγʾn /⁠əfɣaːn⁠/). Compare Middle Persian ʾbxwʾn- (abxwān-, “to call, cry”).

Alternative forms
  • فغان (fağân)

Interjection
Dari افغان
Iranian Persian
Tajik афғон

افغان • (afğân)

  1. alas
  2. oh

Noun

افغان • (afğân)

  1. lamentation, cry
    Synonyms: زاری (zâri), فریاد (faryâd)
Derived terms
  • افغان برآوردن (afğân bar-âvardan)
  • افغان برداشتن (afğân bar-dâštan)
  • افغان برکشیدن (afğân bar-kešidan)
  • افغان کردن (afğân kardan)

References
  1. Johnny Cheung (2017) “On the Origin of the Terms "Afghan" & "Pashtun" (Again)”, in Enrico Morano, Elio Provasi & Adriano V. Rossi, editors, Studia Philologica Iranica: Gherardo Gnoli Memorial Volume, Rome, Italy: Scienze e Lettere, →ISBN, pages 31—51

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān).

Pronunciation
  • (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /əf.ɣɑːn/
  • Rhymes: -ɑːn
  • Hyphenation: اَف‧غان

Noun

اَفْغان • (afġān) m (Hindi spelling अफ़्ग़ान)

  1. Afghan; a person from Afghanistan
  2. (historical) a person of Pashtun ethnicity
    Synonym: پَٹھان (paṭhān)

References
  • “افغان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “افغان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
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