استعصم
Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ع ص م (ʕ-ṣ-m) |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /is.taʕ.sˤa.ma/
Verb
اِسْتَعْصَمَ • (istaʕṣama) X, non-past يَسْتَعْصِمُ (yastaʕṣimu)
- to defend oneself, to protect oneself
- to be guided by
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:32:
- قَالَتْ فَذَٰلِكُنَّ الَّذِي لُمْتُنَّنِي فِيهِ ۖ وَلَقَدْ رَاوَدتُّهُ عَن نَّفْسِهِ فَاسْتَعْصَمَ ۖ وَلَئِن لَّمْ يَفْعَلْ مَا آمُرُهُ لَيُسْجَنَنَّ وَلَيَكُونًا مِّنَ الصَّاغِرِينَ
- She said, "That is the one about whom you blamed me. And I certainly sought to seduce him, but he firmly refused; and if he will not do what I order him, he will surely be imprisoned and will be of those debased."
Conjugation
Conjugation of
اِسْتَعْصَمَ
(form-X sound)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
اِسْتِعْصَام istiʕṣām | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُسْتَعْصِم mustaʕṣim | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُسْتَعْصَم mustaʕṣam | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | اِسْتَعْصَمْتُ istaʕṣamtu |
اِسْتَعْصَمْتَ istaʕṣamta |
istaʕṣama |
اِسْتَعْصَمْتُمَا istaʕṣamtumā |
اِسْتَعْصَمَا istaʕṣamā |
اِسْتَعْصَمْنَا istaʕṣamnā |
اِسْتَعْصَمْتُمْ istaʕṣamtum |
اِسْتَعْصَمُوا istaʕṣamū | |||
| f | اِسْتَعْصَمْتِ istaʕṣamti |
اِسْتَعْصَمَتْ istaʕṣamat |
اِسْتَعْصَمَتَا istaʕṣamatā |
اِسْتَعْصَمْتُنَّ istaʕṣamtunna |
اِسْتَعْصَمْنَ istaʕṣamna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَسْتَعْصِمُ ʔastaʕṣimu |
تَسْتَعْصِمُ tastaʕṣimu |
يَسْتَعْصِمُ yastaʕṣimu |
تَسْتَعْصِمَانِ tastaʕṣimāni |
يَسْتَعْصِمَانِ yastaʕṣimāni |
نَسْتَعْصِمُ nastaʕṣimu |
تَسْتَعْصِمُونَ tastaʕṣimūna |
يَسْتَعْصِمُونَ yastaʕṣimūna | |||
| f | تَسْتَعْصِمِينَ tastaʕṣimīna |
تَسْتَعْصِمُ tastaʕṣimu |
تَسْتَعْصِمَانِ tastaʕṣimāni |
تَسْتَعْصِمْنَ tastaʕṣimna |
يَسْتَعْصِمْنَ yastaʕṣimna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَسْتَعْصِمَ ʔastaʕṣima |
تَسْتَعْصِمَ tastaʕṣima |
يَسْتَعْصِمَ yastaʕṣima |
تَسْتَعْصِمَا tastaʕṣimā |
يَسْتَعْصِمَا yastaʕṣimā |
نَسْتَعْصِمَ nastaʕṣima |
تَسْتَعْصِمُوا tastaʕṣimū |
يَسْتَعْصِمُوا yastaʕṣimū | |||
| f | تَسْتَعْصِمِي tastaʕṣimī |
تَسْتَعْصِمَ tastaʕṣima |
تَسْتَعْصِمَا tastaʕṣimā |
تَسْتَعْصِمْنَ tastaʕṣimna |
يَسْتَعْصِمْنَ yastaʕṣimna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَسْتَعْصِمْ ʔastaʕṣim |
تَسْتَعْصِمْ tastaʕṣim |
يَسْتَعْصِمْ yastaʕṣim |
تَسْتَعْصِمَا tastaʕṣimā |
يَسْتَعْصِمَا yastaʕṣimā |
نَسْتَعْصِمْ nastaʕṣim |
تَسْتَعْصِمُوا tastaʕṣimū |
يَسْتَعْصِمُوا yastaʕṣimū | |||
| f | تَسْتَعْصِمِي tastaʕṣimī |
تَسْتَعْصِمْ tastaʕṣim |
تَسْتَعْصِمَا tastaʕṣimā |
تَسْتَعْصِمْنَ tastaʕṣimna |
يَسْتَعْصِمْنَ yastaʕṣimna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | istaʕṣim |
اِسْتَعْصِمَا istaʕṣimā |
اِسْتَعْصِمُوا istaʕṣimū |
||||||||
| f | اِسْتَعْصِمِي istaʕṣimī |
اِسْتَعْصِمْنَ istaʕṣimna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | اُسْتُعْصِمْتُ ustuʕṣimtu |
اُسْتُعْصِمْتَ ustuʕṣimta |
ustuʕṣima |
اُسْتُعْصِمْتُمَا ustuʕṣimtumā |
اُسْتُعْصِمَا ustuʕṣimā |
اُسْتُعْصِمْنَا ustuʕṣimnā |
اُسْتُعْصِمْتُمْ ustuʕṣimtum |
اُسْتُعْصِمُوا ustuʕṣimū | |||
| f | اُسْتُعْصِمْتِ ustuʕṣimti |
اُسْتُعْصِمَتْ ustuʕṣimat |
اُسْتُعْصِمَتَا ustuʕṣimatā |
اُسْتُعْصِمْتُنَّ ustuʕṣimtunna |
اُسْتُعْصِمْنَ ustuʕṣimna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُسْتَعْصَمُ ʔustaʕṣamu |
تُسْتَعْصَمُ tustaʕṣamu |
يُسْتَعْصَمُ yustaʕṣamu |
تُسْتَعْصَمَانِ tustaʕṣamāni |
يُسْتَعْصَمَانِ yustaʕṣamāni |
نُسْتَعْصَمُ nustaʕṣamu |
تُسْتَعْصَمُونَ tustaʕṣamūna |
يُسْتَعْصَمُونَ yustaʕṣamūna | |||
| f | تُسْتَعْصَمِينَ tustaʕṣamīna |
تُسْتَعْصَمُ tustaʕṣamu |
تُسْتَعْصَمَانِ tustaʕṣamāni |
تُسْتَعْصَمْنَ tustaʕṣamna |
يُسْتَعْصَمْنَ yustaʕṣamna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُسْتَعْصَمَ ʔustaʕṣama |
تُسْتَعْصَمَ tustaʕṣama |
يُسْتَعْصَمَ yustaʕṣama |
تُسْتَعْصَمَا tustaʕṣamā |
يُسْتَعْصَمَا yustaʕṣamā |
نُسْتَعْصَمَ nustaʕṣama |
تُسْتَعْصَمُوا tustaʕṣamū |
يُسْتَعْصَمُوا yustaʕṣamū | |||
| f | تُسْتَعْصَمِي tustaʕṣamī |
تُسْتَعْصَمَ tustaʕṣama |
تُسْتَعْصَمَا tustaʕṣamā |
تُسْتَعْصَمْنَ tustaʕṣamna |
يُسْتَعْصَمْنَ yustaʕṣamna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُسْتَعْصَمْ ʔustaʕṣam |
تُسْتَعْصَمْ tustaʕṣam |
يُسْتَعْصَمْ yustaʕṣam |
تُسْتَعْصَمَا tustaʕṣamā |
يُسْتَعْصَمَا yustaʕṣamā |
نُسْتَعْصَمْ nustaʕṣam |
تُسْتَعْصَمُوا tustaʕṣamū |
يُسْتَعْصَمُوا yustaʕṣamū | |||
| f | تُسْتَعْصَمِي tustaʕṣamī |
تُسْتَعْصَمْ tustaʕṣam |
تُسْتَعْصَمَا tustaʕṣamā |
تُسْتَعْصَمْنَ tustaʕṣamna |
يُسْتَعْصَمْنَ yustaʕṣamna | |||||||
References
- Freytag, Georg (1830–1837) “استعصم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), Halle: C. A. Schwetschke
- Baalbaki, Rohi (1995) “استعصم”, in Al-Mawrid: A Modern Arabic-English Dictionary, 7th edition, Beirut: Dar El-Ilm Lilmalayin, →ISBN
- Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “استعصم”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “استعصم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Wehr, Hans (1960) “استعصم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz
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