آٹا
Punjabi
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit *आर्त (*ārtá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HārHtás (“that which is ground”), vriddhi derivative from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥Htás (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂l̥h₁-tós (“ground”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /äː.ʈäː/
- Rhymes: -äː
- Hyphenation: آ‧ٹا
Declension
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| Declension of آٹا | ||
|---|---|---|
| dir. sg. | آٹا (āṭā) | |
| dir. pl. | آٹے (āṭe) | |
| singular | plural | |
| direct | آٹا (āṭā) | آٹے (āṭe) |
| oblique | آٹے (āṭe) | آٹیاں (āṭeyāṉ) |
| vocative | آٹیا (āṭeyā) | آٹیو (āṭeyo) |
| ablative | آٹیوں (āṭeyoṉ) | — |
| locative | آٹے (āṭe) | — |
| instrumental | آٹے (āṭe) | — |
References
- “آٹا”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ārta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Urdu
Etymology
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀆𑀝𑀸 (āṭā), undergoing retroflexion from Sanskrit *आर्त (*ārtá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HārHtás (“that which is ground”), vriddhi derivative from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥Htás (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂l̥h₁-tós (“ground”).[1][2] Cognate with Classical Persian آرد (ārd, “flour”), Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”), Old Armenian աղամ (ałam, “to grind”), Ancient Greek ἀλέω (aléō, “to grind”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɑː.ʈɑː/
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Declension
| Declension of آٹا | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | آٹا (āṭā) | آٹے (āṭe) |
| oblique | آٹے (āṭe) | آٹوں (āṭõ) |
| vocative | آٹے (āṭe) | آٹو (āṭo) |
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀλέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 65
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ārta2”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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