עצם

Hebrew

Etymology
Root
ע־צ־ם (ʿ-ṣ-m)

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaṯ̣m-. Cognate with Arabic عظم.

Pronunciation

Noun

עֶצֶם • (étsem) m (plural indefinite עֲצָמוֹת, plural construct עַצְמוֹת־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

  1. bone

Derived terms

Noun

עֶצֶם • (étsem) m (plural indefinite עֲצָמִים) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

  1. a thing, object
  2. gist, essence
    זהו עצם העניין.
    zéhu étsem ha'inyán.
    That is the essence of the thing.
  3. exact
    וְהֵם חָיוּ בְּאוֹשֶׁר וְעוֹשֶׁר עָד עֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה
    v'hém khayú b'ósher v'ósher ad étzem hayóm hazé.
    And they lived happily ever after. [literally: And they lived in happiness and wealth to this very day.]
  4. (with possessive suffix) self
    ראיתי את עצמי בראי.
    raíti et atsmí bar'í.
    I saw myself in the mirror.
    • 2013, נתן גושן, ליבי:
      ,הנה אני לא דומה לעצמי לא דומה גם למה שהייתי
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  5. (philosophy) substance

Declension
Declension of עֶצֶם
NumberIsolated formsWith possessive pronouns
StateFormPersonsingularplural
m.f.m.f.
singularindefinite עֶצֶם first עַצְמִיעַצְמֵנוּ
definite הָעֶצֶם second עַצְמְךָעַצְמֵךְעַצְמְכֶםעַצְמְכֶן
construct עֶצֶם־ third עַצְמוֹעַצְמָהּעַצְמָםעַצְמָן
pluralindefinite עֲצָמוֹת first עצמותיי / עַצְמוֹתַיעַצְמוֹתֵינוּ
definite הָעֲצָמוֹת second עַצְמוֹתֶיךָעצמותייך / עַצְמוֹתַיִךְעַצְמוֹתֵיכֶםעַצְמוֹתֵיכֶן
construct עַצְמוֹת־ third עַצְמוֹתָיועַצְמוֹתֶיהָעַצְמוֹתָםעַצְמוֹתָן

Derived terms

Verb

עָצַם • ('atsám) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction, passive counterpart נֶעֱצַם)

  1. to close (one's eyes)
    • אפרת גוש, לראות את האור
      עצמתי עיני אטמתי ליבי

Conjugation
Conjugation of עָצַם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
  • to-infinitive: לעצום / לַעֲצֹם
  • action noun: עֲצִימָה
  • passive participle: עָצוּם
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first עָצַמְתִּיעָצַמְנוּ
second עָצַמְתָּעָצַמְתְּעֲצַמְתֶּם1עֲצַמְתֶּן1
third עָצַםעָצְמָהעָצְמוּ
present עוֹצֵםעוֹצֶמֶתעוֹצְמִיםעוֹצְמוֹת
future first אעצום / אֶעֱצֹםנעצום / נַעֲצֹם
second תעצום / תַּעֲצֹםתַּעַצְמִיתַּעַצְמוּתעצומנה / תַּעֲצֹמְנָה2
third יעצום / יַעֲצֹםתעצום / תַּעֲצֹםיַעַצְמוּתעצומנה / תַּעֲצֹמְנָה2
imperative עצום / עֲצֹםעִצְמִיעִצְמוּעצומנה / עֲצֹמְנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced עָצַמְתֶּם and עָצַמְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Verb

עָצַם • ('atsám) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction)

  1. (literary) to become mighty

Conjugation
Conjugation of עָצַם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
  • to-infinitive: לעצום / לַעֲצֹם
  • action noun: —
  • passive participle: עָצוּם
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first עָצַמְתִּיעָצַמְנוּ
second עָצַמְתָּעָצַמְתְּעֲצַמְתֶּם1עֲצַמְתֶּן1
third עָצַםעָצְמָהעָצְמוּ
present עוֹצֵםעוֹצֶמֶתעוֹצְמִיםעוֹצְמוֹת
future first אֶעֱצַםנֶעֱצַם
second תֶּעֱצַםתֶּעֶצְמִיתֶּעֶצְמוּתֶּעֱצַמְנָה2
third יֶעֱצַםתֶּעֱצַםיֶעֶצְמוּתֶּעֱצַמְנָה2
imperative עֲצַםעִצְמִיעִצְמוּעֲצַמְנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced עָצַמְתֶּם and עָצַמְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

References

Further reading

Yiddish

Etymology

From Hebrew עצם.

Adjective

עצם • (etsem)

  1. in itself, as such

Adverb

עצם • (etsem)

  1. in itself, as such

Noun

עצם • (etsem) m

  1. gist, essence
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