կոտեմ

Armenian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Armenian կոտեմ (kotem).

Pronunciation

Noun

կոտեմ • (kotem)

  1. peppergrass, pepperwort, Lepidium,[2][3] especially garden cress, Lepidium sativum
    Synonyms: նվարդակ (nvardak), աղբակոտեմ (aġbakotem)

Declension

Derived terms

  • դաշտակոտեմ (daštakotem)
  • կոտեմ բշտիկավոր (kotem bštikavor)
  • կոտեմ դաշտային (kotem daštayin)
  • կոտեմ մշակովի (kotem mšakovi)
  • կոտեմ վայրի (kotem vayri)
  • կոտեմուկ (kotemuk)
  • կոտմնտուկ (kotmntuk)
  • շնկոտեմ (šnkotem)

Descendants

  • Cappadocian Greek: κότιμο (kótimo)

References

  1. Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կոտիմն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 640b
  2. Ġazaryan, Ṙ. S. (1981) “կոտեմ”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 621, page 51b
  3. Ayvazyan H. M. et al., editors (2006), “կոտեմ”, in Hayastani bnašxarh [Nature of Armenia] (Əntanekan hanragitaran matenašar; 3) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopaedia, pages 276–277

Further reading

Middle Armenian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Armenian. A wanderword of uncertain immediate and ultimate origin, reflected also in Akkadian 𒆪𒌓𒋾𒅎𒈬 (ku-ut-ti-im-mu /⁠kuttimmu, kutīmu⁠/), 𒌑𒆪𒁲𒈨 (U2ku-di-me /⁠kuddimmu, kudimmu⁠/, kind of salt or plant-based lye, cress), possibly also in Classical Persian کودم (kōdim/kūdim, a sort of plant (water-cress?)) attested only in the 14th c. Dastūr ul-afāḍil glossary, Akkadian 𒌑𒆪𒁲𒈨𒊒 (U2ku-di-me-ru /⁠kudimēru⁠/), 𒌑𒆪𒁲𒈨𒊏𒉡 (U2ku-di-me-ra-nu /⁠kudimeranu⁠/, the name of a sort of cress), Ancient Greek κάρδαμον (kárdamon, garden cress), and Hittite 𒄑𒋼𒀀𒊭𒉌 (GIŠkar-ša-ni /⁠karšani⁠/, an alcalic plant).

Noun

կոտեմ • (kotem)

  1. garden cress, Lepidium sativum
    • 6th–12th? centuries, Baṙkʻ Gałianosi [The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen] :[1]
      Կարդամ (vars. կարդամամոյ, կարդամայ, կարդամոմոյ) = ասորակ կամ կոտիմն (vars. սորեակ կամ կոտիմն, կոտիմ)։
      Kardam (vars. kardamamoy, kardamay, kardamomoy) = asorak kam kotimn (vars. soreak kam kotimn, kotim).
      κάρδαμον (kárdamon) = garden cress
    • 9th or 10th century, with changes and additions in later centuries, Tʻargmanutʻiwn dełocʻ zor əntrel en imastasērkʻn ew kargeal yayl lezuacʻ [A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary] :[2][3]
      Հորփ = կոտիմն։
      Horpʻ = kotimn.
      حُرْف (ḥurf) = garden cress
    • 13th century, Girkʻ Vastakocʻ [Geoponica] 271:
      Քէրէֆսն, ստեպղինն, անանուխն, սամիթն, ճակնդեղն, հազարն, կոտեմն, քուռաթն, բողկն եւ շողգամն։
      Kʻērēfsn, stepġinn, ananuxn, samitʻn, čakndeġn, hazarn, kotemn, kʻuṙatʻn, boġkn ew šoġgamn.
    • 13th century, Faraj the Syrian, Bžškaran jioy ew aṙhasarak grastnoy [Medical Book on Horses and Other Beasts of Burden] 124:[4]
      Ա՛ռ սխտոր ու չամիչ, կոտման հունդ, ցրտի պտուղ []
      Áṙ sxtor u čʻamičʻ, kotman hund, cʻrti ptuġ []
    • 1478 – 1492, Amirdovlatʻ Amasiacʻi, Angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses] :
      [] եւ թէ զծիրտն կոտման հնդով կամ մաննեխով խառնէ եւ ուտէ, աւգտէ ցուրտ անցած մարդուն []
      [] ew tʻē zcirtn kotman hndov kam mannexov xaṙnē ew utē, awgtē cʻurt ancʻac mardun []

Derived terms

  • ջրկոտեմ (ǰrkotem), ջրկոտիմ (ǰrkotim), ջրկոտիմն (ǰrkotimn)

Descendants

  • Armenian: կոտեմ (kotem), կօտէմ (kōtēm); գօդէմ (gōdēm); կօտիմ (kōtim); (ջր)գօդիմ ((ǰr)gōdim); կօտա̈մ (kōtäm); գօ̈դէմ (gödēm); կո՛ւտէմնը (kútēmnə), կի՛տէմնը (kítēmnə); կյա̈՛տիմ (kyä́tim); գիդիմ (gidim)

References

  1. Greppin, John A. C. (1985) Baṙkʿ Gaɫianosi: The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 51
  2. Greppin, John A. C. (1997) A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 16), a separate print of Greppin 1995, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 11, page 22
  3. Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (1925) Kʻnnadatutʻiwn Haybusaki [A Critique of Haybusak] (Azgayin matenadaran; 109) (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 80–87, correcting the confusion in the manuscript, by substituting հորփ (horpʻ) for ակրկրհա (akrkrha)
  4. Čʻugaszyan, B. L. (1980) Bžškaran jioy ew aṙhasarak grastnoy (ŽG dar) [Medical Book on Horses and Other Beasts of Burden (13th century)], Yerevan: Academy Press, page 146

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կոտիմն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 640b
  • Asatrian, Garnik (2012) “Marginal remarks on the history of some Persian words”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 16, number 1, pages 112–113
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “կոտեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Greppin, John A. C. (1992) “Mediterranian Botanical Loanwords in Classical Armenian”, in John A. C. Greppin, editor, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Armenian Linguistics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio September 14–18, 1991, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 70
  • Ġazaryan, Ṙ. S., Avetisyan, H. M. (2009) “կոտեմ, կոտիմ, կոտիմն”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 382b
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “կոտեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Weitenberg, J. J. S. (1985) “Reconstructing Classical Armenian. The case of kotem(n)”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung, volume 98, number 2, pages 238–244
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