գրտնակ
Armenian
Alternative forms
Etymology
A dialectal word, now adopted in the literary language. HHB has գրտանակ (grtanak, “rolling pin”),[1] but its place of attestation is unknown.
Undoubtedly archaic and borrowed from a Middle Iranian antecedent of Persian گردنه (gardane), وردنه (vardane), وردانه (vardâne, “rolling pin”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *wart- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).
New Julfa dialect վարդանա (vardana), Azerbaijani vərdənə, mərdənə, Ottoman Turkish مردانه (merdane), Turkish merdane (“rolling pin”) are borrowed from the form وردنه (vardane), وردانه (vardâne).
Probably related to Middle Armenian վարդանակ (vardanak, “neck?”),[2] վարդան-ցաւ (vardan-cʻaw, “throat pain?”),[3] Persian گردن (gardan, “neck”).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɡəɾtnɑ́k]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [kʰəɾdnɑ́ɡ]
Declension
i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | գրտնակ (grtnak) | գրտնակներ (grtnakner) | ||
| dative | գրտնակի (grtnaki) | գրտնակների (grtnakneri) | ||
| ablative | գրտնակից (grtnakicʻ) | գրտնակներից (grtnaknericʻ) | ||
| instrumental | գրտնակով (grtnakov) | գրտնակներով (grtnaknerov) | ||
| locative | գրտնակում (grtnakum) | գրտնակներում (grtnaknerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | գրտնակը/գրտնակն (grtnakə/grtnakn) | գրտնակները/գրտնակներն (grtnaknerə/grtnaknern) | ||
| dative | գրտնակին (grtnakin) | գրտնակներին (grtnaknerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | գրտնակս (grtnaks) | գրտնակներս (grtnakners) | ||
| dative | գրտնակիս (grtnakis) | գրտնակներիս (grtnakneris) | ||
| ablative | գրտնակիցս (grtnakicʻs) | գրտնակներիցս (grtnaknericʻs) | ||
| instrumental | գրտնակովս (grtnakovs) | գրտնակներովս (grtnaknerovs) | ||
| locative | գրտնակումս (grtnakums) | գրտնակներումս (grtnaknerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | գրտնակդ (grtnakd) | գրտնակներդ (grtnaknerd) | ||
| dative | գրտնակիդ (grtnakid) | գրտնակներիդ (grtnaknerid) | ||
| ablative | գրտնակիցդ (grtnakicʻd) | գրտնակներիցդ (grtnaknericʻd) | ||
| instrumental | գրտնակովդ (grtnakovd) | գրտնակներովդ (grtnaknerovd) | ||
| locative | գրտնակումդ (grtnakumd) | գրտնակներումդ (grtnaknerumd) | ||
Derived terms
- գրտնակել (grtnakel)
Descendants
- Kurdish:
- → Northern Kurdish: kirtnak, kirdanek, kerdenek
- → Turkish: kındırak, kındırek, kındırık, kındirek, kindirek, kırtnak (dialectal)
References
- Ananean, Mkrtičʻ (1769) “վարտանայ”, in Baṙgirkʻ Haykazean lezui. Baṙgirkʻ yašxarhabaṙē i grabaṙn [Dictionary of the Armenian Language. Dictionary from New Armenian into Old Armenian] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 606a
- Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “վարդանակ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries], edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 698
- Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “վարդանցաւ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries], edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 698
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1913) “գրտնակ”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 260a
- Amatuni, Sahak (1912) “գռնակ”, in Hayocʻ baṙ u ban [Armenian Words and Idioms] (in Armenian), Vagharshapat: Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, page 155
- Asatrian, Garnik (1999/2000) “Review of: Armenian Loanwords in Turkish by Robert Dankoff”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 3/4, page 426b
- Asatrian, Garnik (2017) “Middle Iranian Lexical Archaisms in Armenian Dialects”, in Enrico Morano, Elio Provasi and Adriano V. Rossi, editors, Studia Philologica Iranica : Gherardo Gnoli Memorial Volume (Serie Orientale Roma N.S.; 5), Rome: Copertina Del Libro, →ISBN, page 8
- Asatrian, Garnik (2011) A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 412
- Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 78a
- Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, § 123, page 40
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