тюрьма

Russian

Inherited from Old East Slavic тюрма (tjurma), traditionally believed to be derived from Polish turma, from Middle High German turm, turn, from Old French *torn, from Latin turrem/turrim, accusative singular of turris, whence English tower. But more likely from Proto-Turkic *türmä (“prison”); compare Tatar төрмә (törmä, “prison”), Kyrgyz түрмө (türmö, “prison”).

тюрьма́ • (tjurʹmá) f inan (genitive тюрьмы́, nominative plural тю́рьмы, genitive plural тю́рем, relational adjective тюре́мный)

Declension of тюрьма́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	тюрьма́ tjurʹmá	тю́рьмы tjúrʹmy
genitive	тюрьмы́ tjurʹmý	тю́рем tjúrem
dative	тюрьме́ tjurʹmé	тю́рьмам tjúrʹmam
accusative	тюрьму́ tjurʹmú	тю́рьмы tjúrʹmy
instrumental	тюрьмо́й, тюрьмо́ю tjurʹmój, tjurʹmóju	тю́рьмами tjúrʹmami
prepositional	тюрьме́ tjurʹmé	тю́рьмах tjúrʹmax

Pre-reform declension of тюрьма́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	тюрьма́ tjurʹmá	тю́рьмы tjúrʹmy
genitive	тюрьмы́ tjurʹmý	тю́ремъ tjúrem
dative	тюрьмѣ́ tjurʹmě́	тю́рьмамъ tjúrʹmam
accusative	тюрьму́ tjurʹmú	тю́рьмы tjúrʹmy
instrumental	тюрьмо́й, тюрьмо́ю tjurʹmój, tjurʹmóju	тю́рьмами tjúrʹmami
prepositional	тюрьмѣ́ tjurʹmě́	тю́рьмахъ tjúrʹmax

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тюрьма”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

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