ковёр

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Usually explained as an early Turkic borrowing (< Proto-Turkic *köbüŕ). Compare Slovak and Czech koberec, Polish kobierzec, archaic Bulgarian губер (guber).

Mikkola, quoted by Vasmer and Karl Brugmann,[1] derives the Russian word from Old Norse kǫgurr (“quilt”).[2] This derivation is difficult for phonetic and semantic reasons and fails to explain the Czech and Bulgarian cognates.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key): [kɐˈvʲɵr]

Noun

ковёр • (kovjór) m inan (genitive ковра́, nominative plural ковры́, genitive plural ковро́в, relational adjective ковро́вый, diminutive ко́врик)

  1. rug, carpet
    • 1820, Александр Пушкин, “Песнь первая”, in Руслан и Людмила; English translation from Roger Clarke, transl., Ruslan and Ludmila, 2005–17:
      Свершились милые надежды,
      Любви готовятся дары;
      Падут ревнивые одежды
      На цареградские ковры…
      Sveršilisʹ milyje nadeždy,
      Ljubvi gotovjatsja dary;
      Padut revnivyje odeždy
      Na caregradskije kovry…
      Their dreams of fondness were fulfilled,
      all that love offered now was ready.
      Garments, resented and resentful,
      dropped down upon Byzantine rugs…

Declension
Declension of ковёр (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-b reduc) 
singular plural
nominative ковёр
kovjór		 ковры́
kovrý
genitive ковра́
kovrá		 ковро́в
kovróv
dative ковру́
kovrú		 ковра́м
kovrám
accusative ковёр
kovjór		 ковры́
kovrý
instrumental ковро́м
kovróm		 ковра́ми
kovrámi
prepositional ковре́
kovré		 ковра́х
kovráx

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → Yakut: көбүөр (köbüör)
  • → Yiddish: קאַוויאָר (kavyor)

References
  1. Mémoires de la société néo-philologique à Helsingfors I., S. 8, cited in Indogermanische Forschungen, Brugmann: „Unter dem Titel Etymologisches weist Mikkola einige neue germanische Wörter im Finnischen nach und deutet slav. kovъrъ (Teppich) aus anord. kögurr.“
  2. Jahresbericht über die Erscheinungen auf dem Gebiete der germanischen Philologie, B. 7, S. 23: „slav. kovъrъ Teppich; an kögurr id“

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ковер”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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