дур
See also: Appendix:Variations of "dur"
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dur]
Mongolian
Etymology
From Proto-Mongolic *dura, compare Buryat дуран (duran), Kalmyk дурн (durn).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtʊr̥/
- Syllabification: дур (1 syllable)
Ossetian
Alternative forms
- дор (dor)
Etymology
Abaev considered the word to be a "Caucasian" borrowing, comparing it to Georgian ტალი (ṭali, “flint”), Svan ტოლ (ṭol), Chechen тӏулг (tʼulg, “stone”), Ingush тӏолг (tʼolg).[1] Bielmeier and Cheung consider such connection to be phonologically difficult; following Bailey, Cheung notes a possible Iranian correspondence in Khotanese dūra (“hard; hard clod or stone”), comparing both words to Latin durus (“hard”).[2][3]
References
- Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 376
- Bailey, Harold Walter (1957) “Dvārā matīnām”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 20, number 1/3, , page 58 of 41–59
- Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 209
Further reading
- Bielmeier, Roland (1977) Historische Untersuchung zum Erb- und Lehnwortschatzanteil im ossetischen Grundwortschatz (Europäische Hochschulschriften; 2) (in German), Frankfurt am Main, Bern and Las Vegas: Peter Lang, pages 144–146
- Comrie, Bernard, Khalilov, Madzhid (2010) Словарь языков и диалектов народов Северного Кавказа: Сопоставление основной лексики [The Dictionary of languages and dialects of the peoples of the Northern Caucasus: Comparison of the basic lexicon], Leipzig and Makhachkala: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, page 49
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dur]
Rutul
Tajik
Udmurt
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *dɔr, from Proto-Finno-Permic *terä. Cognates include Finnish terä and possibly also Hungarian tőr (“dagger”).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian дор (dor) and Komi-Permyak дор (dor).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈdur]
- Rhymes: -ur
- Hyphenation: дур
Declension
Declension of дур (soft declension)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | дур dur |
дуръёс durjos |
| accusative | дурез durez |
дуръёсыз durjosyz |
| genitive | дурлэн durlen |
дуръёслэн durjoslen |
| dative | дурлы durly |
дуръёслы durjosly |
| ablative | дурлэсь durleś |
дуръёслэсь durjosleś |
| instrumental | дурен duren |
дуръёсын durjosyn |
| abessive | дуртэк durtek |
дуръёстэк durjostek |
| adverbial | дуръя durja |
дуръёсъя durjosja |
| inessive | дурын duryn |
дуръёсын durjosyn |
| illative | дуре dure |
дуръёсы durjosy |
| elative | дурысь duryś |
дуръёсысь durjosyś |
| egressive | дурысьен duryśjen |
дуръёсысьен durjosyśjen |
| terminative | дурозь duroź |
дуръёсозь durjosoź |
| prolative | дуретӥ dureti |
дуръёсытӥ durjosyti |
| allative | дурлань durlań |
дуръёслань durjoslań |
Possessive forms of дур
1st singular possessive forms of дур
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | дуре dure |
дуръёсы durjosy |
| accusative | дурме durme |
дуръёсме durjosme |
| genitive | дурелэн durelen |
дуръёсылэн durjosylen |
| dative | дурелы durely |
дуръёсылы durjosyly |
| ablative | дурелэсь dureleś |
дуръёсылэсь durjosyleś |
| instrumental | дуреным durenym |
дуръёсыным durjosynym |
2nd singular possessive forms of дур
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | дуред dured |
дуръёсыд durjosyd |
| accusative | дурдэ durde |
дуръёстэ durjoste |
| genitive | дуредлэн duredlen |
дуръёсыдлэн durjosydlen |
| dative | дуредлы duredly |
дуръёсыдлы durjosydly |
| ablative | дуредлэсь duredleś |
дуръёсыдлэсь durjosydleś |
| instrumental | дуреныд durenyd |
дуръёсыныд durjosynyd |
3rd singular possessive forms of дур
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | дурез durez |
дуръёсыз durjosyz |
| accusative | дурзэ durze |
дуръёссэ durjosse |
| genitive | дурезлэн durezlen |
дуръёсызлэн durjosyzlen |
| dative | дурезлы durezly |
дуръёсызлы durjosyzly |
| ablative | дурезлэсь durezleś |
дуръёсызлэсь durjosyzleś |
| instrumental | дуреныз durenyz |
дуръёсыныз durjosynyz |
1st plural possessive forms of дур
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | дурмы durmy |
дуръёсмы durjosmy |
| accusative | дурмэс durmes |
дуръёсмес durjosmes |
| genitive | дурмылэн durmylen |
дуръёсмылэн durjosmylen |
| dative | дурмылы durmyly |
дуръёсмылы durjosmyly |
| ablative | дурмылэсь durmyleś |
дуръёсмылэсь durjosmyleś |
| instrumental | дуренымы durenymy |
дуръёсынымы durjosynymy |
2nd plural possessive forms of дур
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | дурды durdy |
дуръёсты durjosty |
| accusative | дурдэс durdes |
дуръёстэс durjostes |
| genitive | дурдылэн durdylen |
дуръёстылэн durjostylen |
| dative | дурдылы durdyly |
дуръёстылы durjostyly |
| ablative | дурдылэсь durdyleś |
дуръёстылэсь durjostyleś |
| instrumental | дуреныды durenydy |
дуръёсыныды durjosynydy |
3rd plural possessive forms of дур
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | дурзы durzy |
дуръёссы durjossy |
| accusative | дурзэс durzes |
дуръёссэс durjosses |
| genitive | дурзылэн durzylen |
дуръёссылэн durjossylen |
| dative | дурзылы durzyly |
дуръёссылы durjossyly |
| ablative | дурзылэсь durzyleś |
дуръёссылэсь durjossyleś |
| instrumental | дуренызы durenyzy |
дуръёсынызы durjosynyzy |
References
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “дур”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 191
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 39
Ukrainian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dur]
Audio (file)
Noun
дур • (dur) m inan (genitive ду́ру, uncountable)
Declension
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “дур”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
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