врагъ

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms
  • (Glagolitic): ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ (vragŭ)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”).

Noun

врагъ • (vragŭ) m

  1. an enemy, foe
    • XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
      ѣко придѫтъ дьнье на тѧ · и обложѧтъ врази твои · острогъ о тебѣ · и обидѫтъ тѧ · и окрочѧтъ тѧ в сѫду ·
      ěko pridǫtŭ dĭnĭe na tę · i obložętŭ vrazi tvoi · ostrogŭ o tebě · i obidǫtŭ tę · i okročętŭ tę v sǫdu ·
      For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
    • from the Homily against the Bogumils, 181-184:
      аще бо земьнаѥго цѣсарꙗ врагомъ иже бѫдетъ дроугъ то нѣстъ и житию достоинъ нъ съ врагꙑ ѥго оумираѥтъ
      ašte bo zemĭnajego cěsarja vragomŭ iže bǫdetŭ drugŭ to něstŭ i žitiju dostoinŭ nŭ sŭ vragy jego umirajetŭ
      If a man who allies himself to the enemies of an earthly king does not even deserve to live, but is put to death along with them
  2. (figuratively) the devil
    • Ретъко, editor (1025±50?), “врага”, in Codex Suprasliensis‎ (in Old Church Slavonic), page (leaf) 160.5, line 26, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
      […] ѿ съврьшивъшааго из устъ младеништемъ и съсѫштиимъ хвалѫ · раздроушити врага и мьстьника […]
      […] otŭ sŭvrĭšivŭšaago iz ustŭ mladeništemŭ i sŭsǫštiimŭ xvalǫ · razdrušiti vraga i mĭstĭnika […]
      […] from the one who made praise out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, that he mightest destroy the enemy and the avenger […]

Declension
Declension of врагъ (o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative врагъ
vragŭ		 врага
vraga		 враѕи
vradzi
genitive врага
vraga		 врагоу
vragu		 врагъ
vragŭ
dative врагоу, врагови
vragu, vragovi		 врагома
vragoma		 врагомъ
vragomŭ
accusative врагъ, врага
vragŭ, vraga		 врага
vraga		 врагꙑ
vragy
instrumental врагомъ
vragomŭ		 врагома
vragoma		 врагꙑ
vragy
locative враѕѣ
vradzě		 врагоу
vragu		 враѕѣхъ
vradzěxŭ
vocative враже
vraže		 врага
vraga		 враѕи
vradzi

Derived terms
Terms derived from врагъ
  • вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
  • вражии (vražii, “hostile, diabolical”)
  • вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity, wickedness”)
  • вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
  • вражьскꙑ (vražĭsky, “hostilely”)

Descendants
  • Bulgarian: враг (vrag)
  • Macedonian: враг (vrag)
  • Old East Slavic: врагъ (vragŭ)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: вра̑г
    Latin script: vrȃg
  • Slovene: vrag

References

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”). Doublet of ворогъ (vorogŭ).

Pronunciation
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ˈʋrɑɡʊ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ˈʋraɡʊ/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈʋraɡ/
  • Hyphenation: вра‧гъ

Noun

врагъ (vragŭ) m

  1. an enemy, foe
    • XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
      […] благодать Божия просвѣщаше сердце его и рука Господня помогаше ему, и побѣжаше всꙗ врагы своꙗ, и боꙗхутсѧ его вси.
      […] blagodatĭ Božija prosvěščaše serdce ego i ruka Gospodnja pomogaše emu, i poběžaše vsja vragy svoja, i bojaxutsę ego vsi.
      […] God's grace illuminated his heart and God's hand helped him, and [he] defeated all his foes, and was feared among all.
  2. (figuratively) the devil
    • Лаврентеи, editor (1377), “врагъ”, in Повѣсти времѧньнꙑх лѣ т [Laurentian Codex]‎, 11th century, page (leaf) 52, line -12, s.a. 6545 (1037):
      Радовашесѧ Ꙗрославъ вида множьство цьрквии . и люди хрестꙑанꙑ зѣло . а врагъ сѣтовашетьсѧ побѣжаемъ . новыми людьми хрестꙑанскꙑми.
      Radovašesę Jaroslavŭ vida množĭstvo cĭrkvii . i ljudi xrestyany zělo . a vragŭ sětovašetĭsę poběžaemŭ . novymi ljudĭmi xrestyanskymi.
      And Yaroslav was glad, seeing many churches and many Christians [among his] people, while the devil wailed, being defeated by the newly-baptized.

Declension
Declension of врагъ (hard o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative врагъ
vragŭ		 врага
vraga		 врази
vrazi
Genitive врага
vraga		 врагу
vragu		 врагъ
vragŭ
Dative врагу
vragu		 врагома
vragoma		 врагомъ
vragomŭ
Accusative врагъ
vragŭ		 врага
vraga		 врагꙑ
vragy
Instrumental врагъмь
vragŭmĭ		 врагома
vragoma		 врагꙑ
vragy
Locative вразѣ
vrazě		 врагу
vragu		 вразѣхъ
vrazěxŭ
Vocative враже
vraže		 врага
vraga		 врази
vrazi

Derived terms
Terms derived from врагъ
  • врагочьствьно (vragočĭstvĭno, “nefariously”)
  • врагочьстивꙑи (vragočĭstivyi, “nefarious”)
  • вражедьнꙑи (vražedĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражии (vražii, “hostile, diabolical”)
  • вражица (vražica, “she-enemy”)
  • вражьбьникъ (vražĭbĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
  • вражьбьнꙑи (vražĭbĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity”)
  • вражьдебьнꙑи (vražĭdebĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражьдивъ (vražĭdivŭ, “spiteful”)
  • вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
  • вражьдолюбьнѣ (vražĭdoljubĭně, “odiously”)
  • вражьдолюбьць (vražĭdoljubĭcĭ, “enmity-lover”)
  • вражьдьникъ (vražĭdĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
  • вражьдьница (vražĭdĭnica, “she-enemy”)
  • вражьдьныи (vražĭdĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражьнꙑи (vražĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражьскꙑи (vražĭskyi, “hostile, related to enemy”)
  • врагуша (vraguša, “fever”)
  • вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
  • враженꙑи (vraženyi, “enchanted”)
  • вражитель (vražitelĭ, “soothsayer”)
  • вражити (vražiti, “to enchant”)
  • вражьба (vražĭba, “cure”)

Descendants

References
  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “врагъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 310
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