τσιγγάνος

See also: Τσιγγάνος

Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Via Byzantine Greek Ἀτσίγγανος (Atsínganos)[1][2][3] and Ἀθίγγανος (Athínganos) from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”),[4] ultimately a compound of privative ἀ- (a-) + θιγγάνω (thingánō, “to touch”).[5][6][7] The Middle Greek word had initially been the name of a Christian sect,[8] the Melchizedekian sect, which was subsequently associated to Romani people.[9]

Nişanyan suggests,[10] due to the very recent first attestation of the term in Greek (1378 AD), a Turkish lemma çıgañ /t͡ʃɯˈɣaɲ/ ("destitute, lazy") as its origin, which, in turn, explains the replacement of the accent. This modern accent could also be influenced by the feminine form Ἀτσιγγάνα (Atsingána).[11]

Petrounias,[12] however, explains αθίγγανος (athínganos)[13] as a paretymological variant of ἀτσίγγανος (atsínganos), influenced by the name of the Christian sect.

Also see Italian zingano, German Zigeuner, Turkish çingene.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /t͡siŋˈɡa.nos/
  • Hyphenation: τσιγ‧γά‧νος

Noun

τσιγγάνος • (tsingános) m (plural τσιγγάνοι, feminine τσιγγάνα)

  1. Gypsy, Gipsy

Declension
declension of τσιγγάνος
case     \     number singular plural
nominative τσιγγάνος • τσιγγάνοι •
genitive τσιγγάνου • τσιγγάνων •
accusative τσιγγάνο • τσιγγάνους •
vocative τσιγγάνε • τσιγγάνοι •

References
  1. τσιγγάνος - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
  2. ατσίγγανος - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
  3. Ατσίγγανος - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
  4. “ἀθίγγανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  5. 1993, Struggling for Ethnic Identity: The Gypsies of Hungary (published by Human Rights Watch), page 1
  6. 2004, Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History (Bucharest), page 9
  7. 2007, Jean-Pierre Liégeois, Roma In Europe, page 17
  8. 2010, Gabriela Brozba, Between reality and myth: A corpus-based analysis of the stereotypic image of some Romanian ethnic minorities, page 42
  9. τσιγγάνος - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
  10. https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/çingene
  11. Ατσιγγάνα - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
  12. ατσίγγανος - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
  13. αθίγγανος - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
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