μυρίος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Origin uncertain. It may be related to either Proto-Indo-European *mew- (“damp”) (as in 'flowing' like the countless waves of the sea) or μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”) (like a countless swarm).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /myː.rí.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /myˈri.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /myˈri.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /myˈri.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /miˈri.os/
Adjective
μῡρῐ́ος • (mūríos) m (feminine μῡρῐ́ᾱ, neuter μῡρῐ́ον); first/second declension
- numberless, countless, infinite
- (poetic) measureless, immense, infinite
- (of time) endless
- (adverbial, in neuter plural) much, immensely, incessantly
- (adverbial, singular dative) infinitely
- (as a definite numeral, in the plural) ten thousand, the greatest number expressed in Ancient Greek as a single word
Usage notes
According to the Grammarians μυρίος (muríos) (paroxytonic) is the indefinite form, and μύριος (múrios) (proparoxytonic) is the definite form. However, this distinction is not observed in the manuscripts.
Inflection
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | μῡρῐ́ος mūríos |
μῡρῐ́ᾱ mūríā |
μῡρῐ́ον mūríon |
μῡρῐ́ω mūríō |
μῡρῐ́ᾱ mūríā |
μῡρῐ́ω mūríō |
μῡρῐ́οι mūríoi |
μῡρῐ́αι mūríai |
μῡρῐ́ᾰ mūría | |||||
Genitive | μῡρῐ́ου mūríou |
μῡρῐ́ᾱς mūríās |
μῡρῐ́ου mūríou |
μῡρῐ́οιν mūríoin |
μῡρῐ́αιν mūríain |
μῡρῐ́οιν mūríoin |
μῡρῐ́ων mūríōn |
μῡρῐ́ων mūríōn |
μῡρῐ́ων mūríōn | |||||
Dative | μῡρῐ́ῳ mūríōi |
μῡρῐ́ᾳ mūríāi |
μῡρῐ́ῳ mūríōi |
μῡρῐ́οιν mūríoin |
μῡρῐ́αιν mūríain |
μῡρῐ́οιν mūríoin |
μῡρῐ́οις mūríois |
μῡρῐ́αις mūríais |
μῡρῐ́οις mūríois | |||||
Accusative | μῡρῐ́ον mūríon |
μῡρῐ́ᾱν mūríān |
μῡρῐ́ον mūríon |
μῡρῐ́ω mūríō |
μῡρῐ́ᾱ mūríā |
μῡρῐ́ω mūríō |
μῡρῐ́ους mūríous |
μῡρῐ́ᾱς mūríās |
μῡρῐ́ᾰ mūría | |||||
Vocative | μῡρῐ́ε mūríe |
μῡρῐ́ᾱ mūríā |
μῡρῐ́ον mūríon |
μῡρῐ́ω mūríō |
μῡρῐ́ᾱ mūríā |
μῡρῐ́ω mūríō |
μῡρῐ́οι mūríoi |
μῡρῐ́αι mūríai |
μῡρῐ́ᾰ mūría | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
μῡρῐ́ως mūríōs |
μῡρῐώτερος mūriṓteros |
μῡρῐώτᾰτος mūriṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
- (immense): πολύς (polús)
Derived terms
- μῡρῐόφθᾰλμος (mūrióphthalmos)
- μῡρῐᾰ́ς (mūriás)
Further reading
- “μυρίος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μυρίος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “μυρίος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- μυρίος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- μυρίος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “μυρίος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- boundless idem, page 91.
- countless idem, page 178.
- huge idem, page 409.
- illimitable idem, page 416.
- immeasurable idem, page 417.
- immense idem, page 417.
- incalculable idem, page 427.
- infinite idem, page 438.
- limitless idem, page 492.
- many idem, page 513.
- measureless idem, page 521.
- much idem, page 545.
- multitudinous idem, page 546.
- numberless idem, page 563.
- unfathomable idem, page 918.
- unlimited idem, page 924.
- unmeasured idem, page 925.
- unnumbered idem, page 926.
- untold idem, page 935.
- vast idem, page 945.
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