κόπρος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷ-ro-s, thematicized from *ḱókʷr̥ (“excrement”). Cognates include Old Irish cechar (“quagmire, slough, bog”), Sanskrit शकृत् (śakṛt, “dung”), and Lithuanian šikna (“arse”), šikti (“defecate”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kó.pros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈko.pros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈko.pros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈko.pros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈko.pros/
Noun
κόπρος • (kópros) f (genitive κόπρου); second declension
- dung, ordure, excrement
- (especially in husbandry) dung, manure
- 8th c. BCE, Homer, Odyssey, 9.329–330 (transl. A.T. Murray):
- καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκα κατακρύψας ὑπὸ κόπρῳ, ἥ ῥα κατὰ σπείους κέχυτο μεγάλ’ ἤλιθα πολλή·
- kaì tò mèn eû katéthēka katakrúpsas hupò kóprōi, hḗ rha katà speíous kékhuto megál’ ḗlitha pollḗ;
- Then I laid it carefully away, hiding it beneath the dung, which lay in great heaps throughout the cave.
- 8th c. BCE, Homer, Odyssey, 9.329–330 (transl. A.T. Murray):
- (in general) filth, dirt
- dunghill, byre
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ κόπρος hē kópros |
τὼ κόπρω tṑ kóprō |
αἱ κόπροι hai kóproi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς κόπρου tês kóprou |
τοῖν κόπροιν toîn kóproin |
τῶν κόπρων tôn kóprōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ κόπρῳ têi kóprōi |
τοῖν κόπροιν toîn kóproin |
ταῖς κόπροις taîs kóprois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν κόπρον tḕn kópron |
τὼ κόπρω tṑ kóprō |
τᾱ̀ς κόπρους tā̀s kóprous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κόπρε kópre |
κόπρω kóprō |
κόπροι kóproi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- κόπρειος (kópreios)
- κοπρεύω (kopreúō)
- κοπρηγός (koprēgós)
- κοπροβόλος (koprobólos)
- κοπροδόχος (koprodókhos)
- κοπροθέσῐον (koprothésion)
- κοπροθήκη (koprothḗkē)
- κοπρολογέω (koprologéō)
- κοπρολόγος (koprológos)
- κοπροξῠ́στης (koproxústēs)
- κοπροποιέω (kopropoiéō)
- κοπροποιός (kopropoiós)
- κοπροσῠ́νη (koprosúnē)
- κοπροφορά (koprophorá)
- κοπροφορέω (koprophoréō)
- κοπροφόρος (koprophóros)
- κοπροφᾰγέω (koprophagéō)
- κοπροφᾰ́γος (koprophágos)
- κοπρόω (kopróō)
- κοπρώδης (koprṓdēs)
- κοπρών (koprṓn)
- κόπρωσῐς (kóprōsis)
- κοπρᾰγωγός (kopragōgós)
- κόπρᾰνᾰ (kóprana)
- κοπρῐ́ζω (koprízō)
- κοπρῐήμετος (kopriḗmetos)
- κόπρῐνος (kóprinos)
- κόπρῐον (kóprion)
- κοπρῐσμός (koprismós)
- κόπρῐσῐς (kóprisis)
- κοπρῐᾰκός (kopriakós)
- κοπρῐ́ᾱ (kopríā)
- κοπρῐ́ᾱς (kopríās)
- φῐλόκοπρος (philókopros)
Further reading
- “κόπρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κόπρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κόπρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κόπρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κόπρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- κόπρος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology 1
From Ancient Greek κόπρος (kópros).
Declension
κόπρος
| case \ number | singular |
|---|---|
| nominative | κόπρος • |
| genitive | κόπρου • |
| accusative | κόπρο • |
| vocative | κόπρε • κόπρο • |
Declension
declension of κόπρος
| case \ number | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | κόπρος • | κόπροι • |
| genitive | κόπρου • | κόπρων • |
| accusative | κόπρο • | κόπρους • |
| vocative | κόπρε • | κόπροι • |
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