κάνναβις

Ancient Greek
Κάνναβις, illustration in the Vienna Dioscurides

Alternative forms

Etymology

A Kulturwort or Wanderwort of unknown ultimate origin, perhaps Scythian or Thracian[1] (according to a remark made by Herodotus, that Scythians and Thracians knew the plant[2]) or possibly “belonging to the pre-Indo-European agricultural layer”.[3] A proposal going back to Schrader derives the word from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kana-pis: compare Eastern Mari кыне́ (kyńé), Western Mari кӹне (kÿńe, “hemp”) and Komi-Permyak пыш (pyš), Udmurt пыш (pyš, “hemp”),[4][5] but Finno-Ugricists deny the existence of such a compound.[6] Compare (wihtin the Indo-European language family) Albanian kërp, Old Armenian կանեփ (kanepʻ), կանափ (kanapʻ),[7] Proto-Slavic *konopь,[2][6] Lithuanian kanãpė, Latvian kaņepe, Old Prussian knapios, Proto-Germanic *hanapiz (> English hemp),[3] Middle Persian [script needed] (kʾnb /⁠kā̆naβ⁠/), Persian کنب (kanab), کنو (kanav), کنف (kanaf, “kenaf”),[8] Northern Kurdish kinif,[9] Sogdian [script needed] (kynpʾ /⁠kēnapā⁠/),[10] Khwarezmian [script needed] (knb-ynk), Ossetian гӕн (gæn), гӕнӕ (gænæ), Khotanese 𐨐𐨎𐨱 (kaṃha), 𐨐𐨂𐨎𐨦𐨌 (kuṃbā),[11] Wakhi kəm,[12] perhaps also to Sanskrit शण (śaṇá), Middle Persian [script needed] (šn' /⁠šan⁠/), the satem variants of the same etymon, and to Sanskrit भाङ्ग (bhāṅga), Persian بنگ (bang), the reverse forms of it (due to a taboo). Compare further Sumerian [script needed] (kunibu),[1] Neo-Assyrian Akkadian 𒋆𒄣𒌦𒈾𒁍 (qunnabu, qunappu, qun(u)bu), Classical Syriac ܩܢܦܐ (qnpʾ),[3] Arabic قِنَّب (qinnab), Georgian კანაფი (ḳanapi), Svan ქან (kan), Mingrelian კიფი (ḳipi), Laz კერფი (ǩerpi), Adyghe кӏэп (kʼɛp), Kabardian щӏэп (śʼɛp), Abkhaz ақәны (akʷnə), Eastern Mari кыне (kyńe), Karakalpak [script needed] (kenep), Turkish kendir. The interrelationship of all these forms is disputed.

Pronunciation
 

Noun

κάννᾰβῐς • (kánnabis) f (genitive καννάβῐος or καννάβεως or καννάβῐδος); third declension

  1. (uncountable) hemp (Cannabis sativa)
    Synonym: θᾰλᾰσσαίγλη (thalassaíglē)
  2. (countable) hemp seed

Declension
Third declension of ἡ κάνναβῐς; τῆς καννάβῐος (Attic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative ἡ κάνναβῐς
hē kánnabis
Genitive τῆς καννάβῐος / καννάβεως
tês kannábios / kannábeōs
Dative τῇ καννάβει
têi kannábei
Accusative τὴν κάνναβῐν
tḕn kánnabin
Vocative κάνναβῐ
kánnabi
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Third declension of ἡ κάνναβῐς; τῆς καννάβῐδος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Plural
Nominative ἡ κάνναβῐς
hē kánnabis		 αἱ καννάβῐδες
hai kannábides
Genitive τῆς καννάβῐδος
tês kannábidos		 τῶν κανναβῐ́δων
tôn kannabídōn
Dative τῇ καννάβῐδῐ
têi kannábidi		 ταῖς καννάβῐσῐ / καννάβῐσῐν
taîs kannábisi(n)
Accusative τὴν καννάβῐδᾰ
tḕn kannábida		 τᾱ̀ς καννάβῐδᾰς
tā̀s kannábidas
Vocative κάνναβῐς
kánnabis		 καννάβῐδες
kannábides
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
  • Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Derived terms
  • κανναβάριος (kannabários)
  • καννάβινος (kannábinos)
  • καννάβιον (kannábion)
  • κανναβίς (kannabís)
  • κανναβισθῆναι (kannabisthênai)
  • κανναβίσκα (kannabíska)

Descendants
  • Greek: κάνναβη (kánnavi)
  • → Latin: cannabis, cannaba, cannabum, cannabus, canapa, canapis, canapus, canava, canva (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 680–681
  2. Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “конопля”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “hanipa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  4. Schrader, Otto (1901) Reallexikon der indogermanischen Altertumskunde: Grundzüge einer Kultur- und Völkergeschichte Alteuropas (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, page 331
  5. Berneker, Erich (1908–1913) Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, page 559
  6. Trubachyov, Oleg et al., editors (1974–2021), chapter 188, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 10
  7. Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կանեփ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 513ab
  8. Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 218–220
  9. Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 552–553
  10. Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 512–513
  11. Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 51–52, 62
  12. Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 216

Further reading
  • “κάνναβις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “κάνναβις ἥμερος – Cannabis sativa”, in Dioscórides Interactivo‎ (in Spanish), 2024
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