Τίγρης

See also: τίγρης

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (t-i-g-r-a /⁠Tigrā⁠/), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (ÍDIdiqlat) from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (ÍDIdigna, ÍDIdigina, literally “fast as an arrow”), because Tigris is rough and fast flowing compared to the neighboring Euphrates. Compare with Classical Syriac ܕܩܠܬ (deqlāṯ), Old Armenian Դգլաթ (Dglatʻ), Arabic دِجْلَة (dijla), Hebrew חידקל / חִדֶּקֶל (ḥiddéqel)), all borrowed from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (ÍDIdiqlat).

Compare Middle Persian [script needed] (Arvand, “Tigris”, literally “swift”) (compare Avestan -𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙 (-auruuant)).[1] Compare also Achaemenid Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (ti-ig-ra).

Pronunciation
 

Proper noun

Τῐ́γρης • (Tígrēs) m (genitive Τῐ́γρητος); third declension

  1. the river Tigris
    Synonym: Σόλλᾰξ (Sóllax)

Inflection
Third declension of ὁ Τῐ́γρης; τοῦ Τῐ́γρητος (Attic)
Case / # Singular
Nominative ὁ Τῐ́γρης
ho Tígrēs
Genitive τοῦ Τῐ́γρητος
toû Tígrētos
Dative τῷ Τῐ́γρητῐ
tôi Tígrēti
Accusative τὸν Τῐ́γρητᾰ
tòn Tígrēta
Vocative Τῐ́γρης
Tígrēs
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
  • Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Descendants
  • Greek: Τίγρης (Tígris), Τίγρητας (Tígritas)
  • → Armenian: Տիգրիս (Tigris)
  • → Latin: Tigris

References
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,028
  1. Jahanshah Derakhshani, “Some Earliest Traces of the Aryan: Evidence from the 4th and 3rd Millennium B.C.”, Iran and the Caucasus, vol. 5 (Leiden: Brill, 2001), 11.
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