šamû

Akkadian
𒀭𒌑 (šamû)

Etymology

Contraction of šamā'ū. From Proto-Semitic *šamāy- (“sky, heaven”). Cognate with Arabic سَمَاء (samāʔ) and Biblical Hebrew שָׁמַיִם (šɔmáyim).

Pronunciation

Noun

šamû m pl (base šamā) (from Old Akkadian on)

  1. sky, heaven
    • 1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by CDLI, Hammurabi Code‎, The Louvre, Prologue, lines 3-5:
      𒀭𒂗𒆤 𒁁𒂖 𒊭𒈨𒂊 𒅇 𒅕𒍢𒁴
      [Enlil bēl šamê u erṣetim]
      den-lil₂ be-el ša-me-e u₃ er-ṣe-tim
      Enlil, lord of heaven and earth

Alternative forms
  • šamā'ū, šamāmū
Cuneiform spellings
Logograms Phonetic Mixed
  • 𒊭𒈬𒌑 (ša-mu-u₂)
  • 𒃻𒈬𒌑 (ša₂-mu-u₂)
  • 𒃻𒈬𒌋 (ša₂-mu-u)
  • 𒊭𒈬𒌋 (ša-mu-u)
  • 𒊭𒈨𒂊 (ša-me-e) (accusative/genitive)
  • 𒃻𒈨𒂊 (ša₂-me-e) (accusative/genitive)
  • 𒊭𒈨 (ša-me) (accusative/genitive)
  • 𒀭𒌑 (AN-u₂)
  • 𒀭𒂊 (AN-e) (accusative/genitive)

References
  • “šamû”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, volume 17, Š, part 1, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1989
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