þjá

See also: tjá, tjå, and ýja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse þjá, from older þéa, from Proto-Germanic *þewāną.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈθjauː/
  • Rhymes: -auː

Verb

þjá (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative þjáði, supine þjáð)

  1. (transitive, governs the accusative) to pain, plague, cause (one) to suffer

Derived terms
  • þjáður
  • þjá og þjaka
  • þjást (to suffer)
  • þjást af (to suffer from)

References

Old Norse

Alternative forms
  • þéa (before the éa > já change)

Etymology

From older þéa, from Proto-Germanic *þewāną (“to enslave, subject”), from *þewaz, *þegwaz (“slave”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run”).

Verb

þjá (singular past indicative þjáði, plural past indicative þjáðu, past participle þjáðr)

  1. to constrain, enthral, enslave
    hann var þjáðr til vinnu
    he was forced to work as a bondsman

Conjugation
Conjugation of þjá — active (weak class 2)
infinitive þjá
present participle þjáandi
past participle þjáðr
indicative present past
1st-person singular þjá þjáða
2nd-person singular þjár þjáðir
3rd-person singular þjár þjáði
1st-person plural þjám þjáðum
2nd-person plural þjáið þjáðuð
3rd-person plural þjá þjáðu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular þjá þjáða
2nd-person singular þjáir þjáðir
3rd-person singular þjái þjáði
1st-person plural þjáim þjáðim
2nd-person plural þjáið þjáðið
3rd-person plural þjái þjáði
imperative present
2nd-person singular þjá
1st-person plural þjám
2nd-person plural þjáið
Conjugation of þjá — mediopassive (weak class 2)
infinitive þjásk
present participle þjándisk
past participle þjázk
indicative present past
1st-person singular þjámk þjáðumk
2nd-person singular þjásk þjáðisk
3rd-person singular þjásk þjáðisk
1st-person plural þjámsk þjáðumsk
2nd-person plural þjáizk þjáðuzk
3rd-person plural þjásk þjáðusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular þjámk þjáðumk
2nd-person singular þjáisk þjáðisk
3rd-person singular þjáisk þjáðisk
1st-person plural þjáimsk þjáðimsk
2nd-person plural þjáizk þjáðizk
3rd-person plural þjáisk þjáðisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular þjásk
1st-person plural þjámsk
2nd-person plural þjáizk

Derived terms
  • þján f (“bondage, servitude, oppression”)

Descendants
  • Icelandic: þjá
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tjå

References
  • þjá in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
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