îndura

See also: indura

Romanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Latin indūrāre. The original, now obsolete meaning of “be hardhearted”, a continuation of the Latin, was a negative polarity item whose sense reversed after simplification of its negative construction. This semantic reversal had already occurred by the earliest attestations of the word, and the opposing usages can even be found in the same work. The reflex of the Latin meaning, however, is not extinct, as it survived with a different nuance.

Doublet of indura.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɨn.duˈra/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Hyphenation: în‧du‧ra

Verb

a îndura (third-person singular present îndură, past participle îndurat) 1st conj.

  1. (reflexive) to take pity, have mercy [+ de (object) = on]
    Synonyms: se milostivi, se milui
  2. (reflexive, catenative, informal) Synonym of se îndupleca (to deign, yield, be convinced)
    Profesorul s-a îndurat să îl treacă abia a treia oară când a dat examenul.
    Only on the third time he took the exam did the teacher deign to pass him.
    Bine că te-ai îndurat să vii! Știi cât e ceasul?
    Good thing you finally deigned to arrive! Do you know what time it is?
  3. (reflexive, obsolete, chiefly in the negative) to be cruel, be indifferent to someone’s suffering [+ de (person)]
    • 1800–1830, Costache Conachi, “Аmорі̆ᲈл dіn прі̆еtешᲈгᲈ̆ [Amoriul din prieteșug, Love from friendship]”, in Алкъtᲈірі̆ ші tълmъчірі [Alcătuiri și tălmăciri, Compositions and translations], Iași, published 1856, page 9:
      „Nᲈ tе ꙟndᲈра dе mіnе, nᲈ mъ лъса ла пі̆ерzаре,
      „Фіі̆ ла dᲈрері̆ mілосtівъ, къ tᲈ ешtі̆ а mеа скъпаре!
      Nu te îndura de mine, nu mă lăsa la pierzare,
      Fii la dureri milostivă, că tu ești a mea scăpare!
      Have mercy on me, don’t give me up,
      Be merciful to the pain, as you are my only salvation!
      (literally, “Do not be cruel to me”)
  4. (reflexive, chiefly in the negative, catenative) to have the heart (bring oneself to do something that causes displeasure to someone else)
    Dacă pisica îmi doarme în poală, nu mă îndur să o trezesc.
    If the cat is sleeping in my lap, I don’t have the heart to wake it up.
  5. (reflexive, chiefly in the negative, obsolete) to have the heart to leave [+ de (person)]
  6. (transitive) to endure, bear, suffer, withstand
    Synonyms: duce, înghiți, pătimi, răbda, suferi, suporta, tolera
    Poporul român a îndurat dictatura comunistă timp de patruzeci de ani.
    The Romanian people endured the Communist dictatorship for forty years.
    Plantele acestea nu îndură clima de aici.
    These plants can’t withstand the local climate.
  7. (transitive, regional, rare) to allow

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Further reading

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