écumer

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French escumer, from Old French escumer. By surface analysis, écume +‎ -er.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /e.ky.me/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

écumer

  1. (intransitive) to foam, foam up, froth, froth up
  2. (intransitive) to lather (as of a horse)
  3. (transitive) to unfoam, remove foam from
  4. (transitive) to take the scum off
  5. (transitive) to skim
  6. (figuratively) to scour (shops, etc., looking for something)
  7. (figuratively) to grift (to skim off profits etc.)

Conjugation
Conjugation of écumer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple écumer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple écumant
/e.ky.mɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle écumé
/e.ky.me/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present écume
/e.kym/		 écumes
/e.kym/		 écume
/e.kym/		 écumons
/e.ky.mɔ̃/		 écumez
/e.ky.me/		 écument
/e.kym/
imperfect écumais
/e.ky.mɛ/		 écumais
/e.ky.mɛ/		 écumait
/e.ky.mɛ/		 écumions
/e.ky.mjɔ̃/		 écumiez
/e.ky.mje/		 écumaient
/e.ky.mɛ/
past historic2 écumai
/e.ky.me/		 écumas
/e.ky.ma/		 écuma
/e.ky.ma/		 écumâmes
/e.ky.mam/		 écumâtes
/e.ky.mat/		 écumèrent
/e.ky.mɛʁ/
future écumerai
/e.kym.ʁe/		 écumeras
/e.kym.ʁa/		 écumera
/e.kym.ʁa/		 écumerons
/e.kym.ʁɔ̃/		 écumerez
/e.kym.ʁe/		 écumeront
/e.kym.ʁɔ̃/
conditional écumerais
/e.kym.ʁɛ/		 écumerais
/e.kym.ʁɛ/		 écumerait
/e.kym.ʁɛ/		 écumerions
/e.ky.mə.ʁjɔ̃/		 écumeriez
/e.ky.mə.ʁje/		 écumeraient
/e.kym.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present écume
/e.kym/		 écumes
/e.kym/		 écume
/e.kym/		 écumions
/e.ky.mjɔ̃/		 écumiez
/e.ky.mje/		 écument
/e.kym/
imperfect2 écumasse
/e.ky.mas/		 écumasses
/e.ky.mas/		 écumât
/e.ky.ma/		 écumassions
/e.ky.ma.sjɔ̃/		 écumassiez
/e.ky.ma.sje/		 écumassent
/e.ky.mas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — écume
/e.kym/		 — écumons
/e.ky.mɔ̃/		 écumez
/e.ky.me/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

  • écumer le pot

Further reading
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