Medieval Poland

In the late 10th century, the area was included in the emerging Polish state by its first historic ruler Mieszko I of the Piast dynasty.^[2] It became part of the Duchy of Silesia, a province of fragmented Poland, in 1138, and, later belonged to the Silesian Duchy of Głogów,^[2] established in 1249-51 under the rule of Duke Konrad I. In the beginning of the 14th century, Sulechów was encompassed by defensive walls.^[3]

Sulechów Castle and former Calvinist church

The settlement itself was first mentioned in a 1319 deed, at the time when the warlike Ascanian margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg campaigned the area, occupying Sulechów and neighbouring Świebodzin. Margrave Waldemar, however, died in the same year, and the localities fell back to the Piast dukes of Głogów.^[2]

When the last Piast duke Henry XI of Głogów died without issue in 1476, inheritance claims were raised by his widow Barbara of Brandenburg and her father, the Hohenzollern elector Albrecht Achilles. The Brandenburg influence met with fierce opposition by Henry's Piast cousin, Duke Jan II the Mad of Żagań, who nevertheless after several years of fighting had to sign an agreement, whereby the Silesian towns of Crossen (Krosno) and the town passed to the Margraviate of Brandenburg as a fief of the Bohemian (Czech) Kingdom,^[4] an integral part of the Holy Roman Empire.

Modern era

Krosno's Gate

Along with Crossen, Sulechów, under the Germanized name Züllichau,^[4] was incorporated into the Brandenburg Neumark district by 1535, ruled by Margrave John of Brandenburg-Küstrin who implemented the Protestant Reformation. Two years later, the Piast duke Joachim of Münsterberg-Oels and his younger brothers officially waived any rights to the Crossen and Züllichau territories. Part of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1618, the town was devastated during the Thirty Years' War but again flourished under the rule of the "Great Elector" Frederick William. From the 17th century, clothmaking developed.^[4]

Züllichau was part of the newly established Kingdom of Prussia since 1701. It became a garrison town of the Prussian Army. The Polish minority resisted Germanisation attempts, carried out by the Prussian authorities.^[4] From 1815 it belonged to the Province of Brandenburg and became the administrative seat of the Züllichau-Schwiebus rural district within the Frankfurt Region. In 1828, 18-year-old Frédéric Chopin visited the town and gave an improvised concert.^[5] Between 1871 and 1945 Züllichau was part of the German Reich. In the late 19th century, the medieval town walls were partly dismantled.^[3] Four Polish insurgents of the Greater Poland uprising died in German captivity in the town in 1919.^[6]

During World War II the Germans established two forced labour camps in the town, mainly for the Soviets.^[4] The territory was conquered by Red Army forces during the Vistula-Oder Offensive in the final stage of World War II. In accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, the town was incorporated into the Republic of Poland by the implementation of the Oder–Neisse line in 1945, while the remaining German population was expelled. The remaining Polish inhabitants were joined by Poles displaced from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. The historic Polish name Sulechów was restored.

Holy Cross Church

Sport

• Klaus-Dieter Ludwig (1943–2016), German rowing coxswain
• Ewa Bućko (born 1960), volleyball player
• Łukasz Żygadło (born 1979), volleyball player
• Natalia Bamber-Laskowska (born 1982), volleyball player
• Tomasz Kędziora (born 1994), Polish international footballer, born in Sulechów
• Tymoteusz Puchacz (born 1999), Polish international footballer, born in Sulechów