"Zombie"
A sepia photo of the Cranberries
Standard artwork (CD and vinyl edition pictured)
Single by the Cranberries
from the album No Need to Argue
B-side
  • "Away"
  • "I Don't Need"
Released19 September 1994 (1994-09-19)
Recorded1994
Studio
Genre
Length
  • 5:06
LabelIsland
Songwriter(s)Dolores O'Riordan
Producer(s)Stephen Street
The Cranberries singles chronology
"Linger"
(1993)		 "Zombie"
(1994)		 "Ode to My Family"
(1994)
Music video
"Zombie" on YouTube
Audio sample
Zombie
  • file
  • help

"Zombie" is a protest song by Irish alternative rock[1] band the Cranberries, written by the band's lead singer, Dolores O'Riordan, in response to and in memory of two young victims of a bombing that occurred during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. It was released on 19 September 1994 by Island Records as the lead single from their second studio album, No Need to Argue (1994), two weeks ahead of the album's release. Music critics have long recognized "Zombie" as "a masterpiece of alternative rock", as well as a grunge number uncharacteristic of the band's other work.

"Zombie" reached No. 1 on the charts of Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, and Iceland, and although it did not chart on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, it did reach No. 1 on the US Billboard Alternative Airplay chart. In addition, the song was voted by Australian radio Triple J listeners as No. 1 on the 1994 Triple J Hottest 100 chart. It won the Best Song Award at the 1995 MTV Europe Music Awards. The accompanying music video was directed by Samuel Bayer.

In 2017, the song was released as an acoustic, stripped-down version on the band's Something Else album. In April 2020, it became the first song by an Irish group to surpass one billion views on YouTube.

Background

The Troubles were a conflict in Northern Ireland from the late 1960s to 1998. During the conflict more than 3,500 people died and thousands more were injured.[2][3][4] The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), an Irish republican paramilitary organisation, waged an armed campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland and unite the region with the Republic of Ireland. Republican and Unionist paramilitaries killed thousands of people.[5][6] Over 10,000 bomb attacks were perpetrated by paramilitary groups in Ireland and England.[7][8]

The song was written in response to the death of Johnathan Ball, aged 3, and Tim Parry, aged 12, both of whom had been killed in the 1993 Warrington bombings, when two IRA improvised explosive devices hidden in litter bins were detonated in a shopping street in Warrington, England.[9][10] Ball died at the scene of the bombing as a result of his shrapnel-inflicted injuries, and five days later, Parry lost his life as a result of head injuries.[11][12] 56 others were injured, some seriously.[9] Parry died in his father's arms in a hospital in Walton, Liverpool.[13] The two boys had gone shopping to buy Mother's Day cards on one of the town's busiest shopping streets.[13][14]

There were a lot of bombs going off in London and I remember this one time a child was killed when a bomb was put in a rubbish bin – that's why there's that line in the song, 'A child is slowly taken'. [ ... ] We were on a tour bus and I was near the location where it happened, so it really struck me hard – I was quite young, but I remember being devastated about the innocent children being pulled into that kind of thing. So I suppose that's why I was saying, 'It's not me' – that even though I'm Irish it wasn't me, I didn't do it. Because being Irish, it was quite hard, especially in the UK when there was so much tension.

— Dolores O'Riordan in 2017, on writing "Zombie".[15]

Composition

O'Riordan had "a feeling" that she had to write a song that reflected upon the event, before the song came to her "subconsciously" midway through the Cranberries' English Tour in 1993. Writing the core chords on her acoustic guitar,[15][16] O'Riordan returned to Ireland and continued to write the song after returning to her apartment after a night out.[17][15] The lyrics and chords of "Zombie" were written initially on an acoustic guitar by O'Riordan alone late that night—"I remember being in my flat, coming up with the chorus, which was catchy and anthemic", O'Riordan was to recall.[18]

The song structure was created and shaped without hindrance. The hook and the chorus "just came out really fast", then the verses came "quite easily", just as the writing of the lyrics, governed by no inhibitions—"they just came pouring out", she said.[15] O'Riordan took the song into the Cranberries' small rehearsal shed in Mungret, near Limerick city, and it was translated onto an electric guitar.[19] Drummer Fergal Lawler observed that O'Riordan was adamant that she wanted more distortion pedals on the guitars and asked for more strength than usual in drumming.[20][19] In 2017, O'Riordan said, "It was the most aggressive song we'd written".[18] According to Lawler, a rough version of the song was initially titled "In Your Head", which was included in the band's live set; it was then later revised to "Zombie".[21] The Cranberries' popularity grew exponentially during the North America Tour in 1993, promoting the release of their first album Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?, which earned them fans eagerly awaiting the band's second album.[22]

Production and release

"Years from now, when alternative rock is just a distant memory from a time long forgotten, certain songs will remain. 'Zombie' will forever live on as a true classic moment from a truly classic era of music. Not before or since has a band hit on a moment and absolutely capitalised like the Cranberries did with 'Zombie'. ... Thank you for giving us alternative rock's true masterpiece".

—Author Joe Hughes, in 2018.[23]

In early 1994, the Cranberries began performing "Zombie" in its final shape, and audiences responded with enthusiasm.[24][21] The song was recorded and mixed at The Manor Studio in Oxford and at Townhouse Studios in London in 1994 with producer Stephen Street.[25][26] They spent a long time working on getting the guitar settings right to give a suitably expansive sound. The sound came organically, while raising the volume, O'Riordan said "because we were using our live instruments, we were plugging in a lot, and we started to mess around with feedback and distortion".[18] The song, recorded during the grunge era, features a foggy, sludgy electric guitars sound, representing a radical departure from the band's signature sound of the early years—based largely on jangly guitar and strings.[17][27]

Particularly offended that terrorists claimed to have carried out these acts in the name of Ireland,[18] O'Riordan asserted: "The IRA are not me. I'm not the IRA. The Cranberries are not the IRA. My family are not. When it says in the song, 'It's not me, it's not my family,' that's what I'm saying. It's not Ireland, it's some idiots living in the past".[28][29] At the time, O'Riordan received criticism for "Zombie"'s "hard-hitting lyrics"; she nevertheless pointed out that the song was written from a humanitarian point of view.[18] O'Riordan had been the focus of a battle over censorship, fighting to see the song even released, as the record label was intent on preventing "Zombie" from reaching the airwaves.[30] The Cranberries' former manager Allen Kovac stated that Island Records urged them not to release the "politically urgent" song as a single, and that O'Riordan had ripped up a $1-million cheque the label offered her to work on another song.[31][30] "Dolores was a very small, fragile person, but very opinionated," said Kovac. "Her belief was that she was an international artist and she wanted to break the rest of the world, and 'Zombie' was part of that evolution. She felt the need to expand beyond 'I love you, you love me' and write about what was happening in Ireland at the time", he said.[31] Island Records and management also claimed that the song was "too controversial, you might not get played on the radio".[19][21] Lawler recalled arguing to the record label that they "had been playing it live for a year", and telling them that "for a new song that the audience hadn't heard before, they really reacted to it".[21] Over time, "[w]e pushed and pushed and eventually they decided to release it", he said.[21] The release of the song occurred on the path to IRA's historic ceasefire announcement on 31 August 1994.[lower-alpha 1][33]

By the time the single for "Zombie" was released on 19 September 1994,[34] as well as No Need to Argue the following month, with an accompanying music video for the song in heavy rotation on MTV, the Cranberries were catapulted to international stardom.[35][36] Shortly after the song and video came out, ideological beliefs came rushing to the forefront of local newspapers, criticizing O'Riordan for "writing about the Troubles";[19] of these comments, she "knew that would be the angle of the song, because it was controversial".[37] Assessing the cultural impact of their song, Hogan responded: "Because of this song, people thought we were a political band. ... Far from it. Dolores always wrote from the heart".[19] O'Riordan would later state, "If I think something, I have to say it. And I really don't care what anybody thinks, you know?".[38] NPR's Andrew Limbong, speaking after O'Riordan's death in 2018, said "even though it was a political song, it wasn't necessarily politics she was interested in writing about".[38][28] O'Riordan said, "I just cannot accept children being slaughtered at the hands of political violence", and hoped that "it might make people reflect a bit on our society and what we've become."[39] In 1994, "Zombie" was "the most played song ever on alternative radio in the history of America", as mentioned in the Los Angeles Times and in Kenneth L. Campbell's book, Ireland's History – Prehistory to the Present.[39][40] In retrospect, The New York Times and Billboard considered them as "one of the biggest rock bands in the world" of the 1990s.[36][41]

Music and lyrics

"Zombie" has been characterised by commentators as alternative rock[42][43] and grunge.[44][45] O'Riordan later said that the song was not a concerted effort to ride the grunge movement, but she stated that "this wasn't grunge, but the timing was good", adding, that "[w]e were just a different type of a band... and we had a lot of our own ideas".[17][37] The band's guitarist Noel Hogan noted in a Rolling Stone interview that the Cranberries were beforehand accepted by "the same kind of [grunge] audience".[27] O'Riordan was responsible for the heavier sound, a mere expression of her musical taste, as she would say later "we got it out of our system... all that anger out of our system".[21][37] Discussing the musical approach for the song and the requirement of a sound significantly louder, Hogan explained in a 2012 interview with Amsterdam's FaceCulture that "the heavier sound was the right thing for the song. If it was soft, it wouldn't have had that impact. It would stand out in the live set because of that".[18]

O'Riordan never revealed the origin of the "zombie" reference in the lyrics, a concept which admits a personal interpretation of its meaning.[37] However, there was a divergence of opinion among writers on the subject. Ed Power formulated his own hypothesis, saying that the word Zombie was "a commentary on how blindly cleaving to centuries old prejudices can reduce [one's] capacity for independent thought".[37] Graham Fuller commented that the metaphor perhaps "reanimates the children whose deaths inspired O'Riordan to write it".[46] Sonia Saraiya had a different view, saying that the Zombie is not the dead children, but "the dead children that populate your mind; the dead bodies you've seen in the images that you can't forget".[47]

Singing voice

O'Riordan is yodeling[48][36] when she does the sharp break[49] from chest register to head register–falsetto in the second syllable of the word Zom-bie.[48] These rapid and repeated changes in pitch in O'Riordan's yodel, paired with the amplified method that she uses to form her vowels and consonants,[48] set her voice in the sean-nós singing style.[50][48][36] This creates a vocal trademark when combined with the Gaelic keening,[51] the lilting vocables,[52] and sung in her thick Irish accent.[53][36] Author Bart Plantenga wrote in his book Yodel in Hi-Fi: From Kitsch Folk to Contemporary Electronica that "[h]er waify, quavering, breaking voice has a natural 'Celtic yodel' in it. It can also be heard on 'Zombie'" [and other songs] used "for fantastic emotional effect".[54] Mikael Wood of Los Angeles Times described O'Riordan "pushing her voice to a jagged extreme to embody the pain", with a "desperate, yodeling vocal that conjures some ancient emotion".[55] Far Out Magazine commented that her vocal performance was "guttural, pleading, captivating and utterly unique, O'Riordan begs for humanity the only way she knew how".[30] Sonia Saraiya, music and TV critic from Miami Herald and Chicago Tribune, wrote that her voice "often seemed bigger than her petite frame", and also commented that the chorus "practically grunted out of her otherwise bell-like voice with a guttural vowel sound".[47]

They insisted on being genuine, original innovators, crafting their own place in the ethos of alternative rock. [ ... ] The Cranberries are masters of the craft. But O'Riordan's voice is just in a league all its own. She makes no effort to hide her accent. In fact, it adds a richness and character to her voice. O'Riordan lays it all out on the table. Beautifully. Uncompromising and unrelenting. O'Riordan sinks her hooks into you and holds you hostage with her breathtaking vocal onslaught.

— Joe Hughes, How The Cranberries Blew Away Nirvana With Definitive Grunge Song "Zombie" – Alternative Nation.[23]

Critical reception

Praise

Tedium's editor Ernie Smith said, "O'Riordan wrote it in a moment of anger and passion", and called the song "one of the defining songs of the alternative rock era".[56] In a different perspective, Rebecca Black of Belfast Telegraph described "Zombie" as an "outraged response to the Warrington bombs",[57] while music reporter Mark Savage wrote that "her pain was real", describing it as "a visceral response to the death of two children".[29] In a contemporary review, Hot Press hailed the song and its arrangements, saying that it was stylistically different from the band's previous works: "Staccato rhythms and subtle jerks and pauses in the music and the singing make this more than just business-as-usual for the Cranberries. A slow, brooding Siouxsie-like buzzing guitar melody and dirge-like bass and drums counterpoint the elliptical and impassioned vocals of Dolores O'Riordan as she works her way through the internal psychic and external human tragedies of the Troubles [...] "Zombie" signals a growth in confidence".[58] The Rough Guide to Rock identified the album No Need to Argue as "more of the same" as the Cranberries' debut album, except for the song "Zombie", which had an "angry grunge" sound and "aggressive" lyrics.[59] Music critic Evelyn McDonnell allowed that O'Riordan had a "certain naivety to her and also a real toughness".[38] New York arts editor Graham Fuller partially echoed this view, saying "she was right, but that naivety serves a song that's an unfiltered reaction to a tragedy. It goes with Zombie's primal fury; slicker lyrics would have diluted the song's rawness".[46]

Music critic Neil McCormick wrote that it was the Cranberries' "fiercest rock song... An accusatory lament, it grapples with the endless recriminations of the Irish Troubles, with a slow rolling bass line and thumping mid-tempo beat, finding tension between melodic delicacy and introspection in the verses with a keening, wailing chorus charged with distorted grungy guitars".[60] Music & Media stated that it "combines moody soundscapes with some grunge-y guitar attacks that together make an arresting number".[61] Charles Aaron from Spin commented, "I like "Zombie" because its crunching, troubled guitar fuzz was the loudest thing on MTV during the last days of '94. Just ask Bono, my Irish Setter. He's still wailing."[62] Josh Jones of Open Culture, described the "Gen X heyday"'s song, as "O'Riordan's stadium-size hit ... and its beautifully pained laments and pointedly unsubtle yelps and wails—a stunning expression of mourning that reverberates still some 25 years later".[63] Martin Aston of Music Week wrote: "Having broken the UK on the back of their US success, The Cranberries continue to use their pop acumen to fashion wonderful, wistful pop nuggets. Zombie is a little heavier and less user-friendly than Linger and Dreams, but no less sublime for it."[64] In 2018, Billboard and Stereogum ranked the song number three and number two, respectively, on their lists of the top ten Cranberries songs.[65][66]

On 16 January 2018, following O'Riordan's death, Colin Parry, father of IRA victim Tim Parry, thanked O'Riordan for the "both majestic and also very real lyrics".[29] "Many people have become immune to the pain and suffering that so many people experienced during that armed campaign", he said. "To read the words written by an Irish band in such a compelling way was very, very powerful."[67]

Criticism

On the writer of the song O’Riordan, Paul Brannigan of Louder writes, "Not everyone, however, was impressed by the pop star's credentials for the role of commentator on one of the most complex conflicts of the modern era".[68] AllMusic said the song "trivialised" the events of the Troubles, and that the "heavy rock trudge" of the song did not play to the band's strengths.[69] Upon the song's release, David Stubbs from Melody Maker said, "'Zombie' doesn't make a born-again fan of me, with its lethargic, samey, grungy riff lurching predictably towards anthem status. But I like Dolores O' Riordan's vocal, like Dana on heroin, all tattered, snarling and trembling at her wits' end."[70] At the same time, Northern Irish band Schtum told Melody Maker, "She's from Limerick, what the fuck would she know? You're talking about the last 25 years of a much bigger and wider problem that has gone on for hundreds of years".[68] Brannigan writes,

"Schtum hailed from Derry, a city 224 miles away from Limerick by road, but one which may as well have been on a different planet to the rural village where Dolores O’Riordan was raised. When the singer protested "It's not me, it's not my family", explicitly distancing herself from the violence in Northern Ireland, and its overspill into England and elsewhere, she spoke the truth: no-one from her family was present at the Battle of the Bogside in Derry from August 12-14, 1969, for instance, or on January 30, 1972, when soldiers from the Parachute Regiment opened fire on civil rights campaigners in the city, killing 14 unarmed civilians in a massacre which came to be known as Bloody Sunday. Equally, her family had the good fortune to be untouched by any of the atrocities claimed by the Provisional IRA (or any other paramilitary faction) during her lifetime. So removed, in fact, was O’Riordan from events in Northern Ireland that, in her lyrics to Zombie, she references "tanks" on the streets, perhaps confusing Belfast with Beijing."[68]

Iestyn George from NME felt "the timing of this release, as much as the sentimental itself, seems more than a little askew."[71] O’Riordan's mother Eileen has stated, "It wasn’t written as a political song but as an anti-violence, an anti-war song."[72]

Accolades

On 23 November 1995, the Cranberries won the Best Song Award for "Zombie" at the 1995 MTV Europe Music Awards, beating Michael Jackson, Seal, The Offspring and TLC.[73][74]

As a sporting anthem

Following the death of O'Riordan in 2018, the hurling team from her home county of Limerick adopted "Zombie" as their anthem during their successful run to the All-Ireland Championship. It soon became a rugby anthem as well; Limerick-based Munster initially played it in tribute to O'Riordan, and crowd reaction led to it becoming a post-match staple.[75]

The song was re-popularised in 2023 after it was played after Ireland games at the 2023 Rugby World Cup. It was picked up by fans of the Irish team, with videos of fans singing the song in chorus accumulating hundreds of thousands of views on social media.[76] This offended Irish nationalists, who identified it as an "anti-IRA" anthem, and said that that the lyrics failed to consider their experience during the Troubles.[68][77]

Irish political leaders supported the use of the song as a rugby anthem. Taoiseach Leo Varadkar described it as "a song that we can all sing comfortably. It’s an anti-terrorism song. It’s not a nationalist or unionist song." SDLP leader Colum Eastwood wrote that "'Zombie' is an anti-war song written after the IRA killed 2 children in Warrington", adding that criticism of nationalist violence is not an endorsement of loyalist violence, writing "Most of us opposed both".[76]

Chart performance

"Zombie" topped the charts in eight countries.[20][74] On 29 October 1994, the song went to No. 1 on the US Billboard Alternative Airplay chart, spending twenty-three weeks on the chart.[78][20] Australian audiences were "particularly gripped by the song". Triple J listeners voted for "Zombie" as No. 1 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 1994 chart,[74][79] one of the largest public music polls in the world,[80] establishing for the first time ever that a female vocalist won the Triple J Hottest 100.[74] On 18 December 1994, the song reached No. 1 on the ARIA Singles Chart, where it remained for seven consecutive weeks.[81][82] The single peaked at No. 1 and spent twenty eight weeks on the Official German Charts.[83] On 25 December 1994, the single debuted at No. 27 on the Ö3 Austria Top 40, and climbed to No. 2, where it stayed for eight weeks.[84] "Zombie" debuted on the French SNEP Top 100 at No. 4 on 25 February 1995. The following week, the single moved to No. 1; it spent nine consecutive weeks at the top and a total of twenty-four weeks on the singles chart.[85]

Island Records declined the prospect of releasing "Zombie" as a single to US stores, stating they didn't want to run counter to the band's original ethos. Music critic Jon Bream of Star Tribune elaborated succinctly the label's analysis: "For the band, it's a question of credibility". Bream further noted that Island Records "simply didn't want the industry to typecast the Cranberries as a Top 40 act". After releasing the song, later in the year, the Cranberries affirmed their alternative identity, saying that they "didn't want to be considered just a pop band". Drummer Fergal Lawler said, "[t]hen you can go to the other extreme of being so alternative that no one buys your records. Luckily, we're kind of in the middle. We're a mix of pop, rock and alternative, I suppose".[39]

After Cranberries' lead singer O'Riordan died in January 2018, "Zombie" charted at number 13 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart.[86]

In 2023, the song saw a sales surge in the UK and Ireland during the 2023 Rugby World Cup; the song was played on speakers after every time the Irish team scored.[87] "Zombie" peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Downloads Chart during this time.[88]

Music video

"I remember going to Belfast, when we were filming and I went out with a camera when it was still a city under siege and had a gun pulled on me by a soldier. I was in places that I really shouldn't have been, but I was trying to immerse myself in what the Irish identity was about. The blood and the soul, the history and the pain of what that song was really about."

—Samuel Bayer, cinematographer and director, in December 2017 speaking of the filming of the music video for "Zombie".[89]

Background and production

"Zombie" was released with a music video in October 1994.[90] The video was directed by Samuel Bayer,[29][90] and produced by Doug Friedman and HSI. Productions. The music video was filmed in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in the heart of the Troubles with real footage,[91][92] and in Dublin.[90] Bayer's argument for being able to record video footage of murals, children and British Army soldiers on patrol in Belfast was made under a false pretext. "We had a [cover] story that we were making a documentary about the peace-keeping efforts in Ireland", he said.[19] O'Riordan remembered Bayer telling her "how tense it was and how he was blown away by the whole thing. He got footage of the kids jumping from one building to another, and he got a lot of footage of the army. He was a very good director".[93] The performance footage in colour was filmed on a sound stage in Los Angeles over a period of six days.[29][90]

Synopsis

In the video, O'Riordan is covered in gold makeup and appears in front of a giant cross with a group of boys covered in silver makeup holding bows and arrows.[91][92] The video also includes clips of local children playing war games, a performance by the band,[91][92] and of British soldiers from the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (as evident from their thin red line tactical recognition flashes) on patrol in Northern Ireland.[37] It also features shots of various murals (IRA, UDA, UFF, UVF, Bobby Sands).[91][92]

BBC and RTÉ ban

The music video for "Zombie" was banned by the BBC because of its "violent images".[94][95] It was also banned by the RTÉ, Ireland's national broadcaster. Instead, both the BBC and the RTÉ opted to broadcast an edited version focusing on footage of the band in a live performance, a version that the Cranberries essentially disowned. Despite their efforts to maintain the original video "out of view from the public", some of the initial footage prevailed, with scenes of children holding guns.[29][94] The song reached No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart.[29]

Reception and accolades

"Zombie" received heavy rotation on MTV Europe[96] and was A-listed on Germany's VIVA in December 1994.[97] The video gained a nomination for Best Alternative Video at the 1995 MTV Europe Music Awards.[98] Writer Josh Jones commented that "The 'Zombie' video offers a classic collection of 90s stylistic quirks, from Derek Jarman–inspired setpieces to the use of black and white and earnest political messaging". He added, "[f]or us old folks, it's an almost pure hit of nostalgia, and for the young, a nearly perfect specimen of the decade's rock aesthetics".[63] On 23 October 2019, "Zombie" was ranked No. 5 on a "definitive list of the world's most-viewed rock music videos", released by Vevo.[93]

On 18 April 2020, the official music video had succeeded in reaching over 1 billion views on YouTube and became the first female-led song, first song by an Irish artist, and sixth song from the 20th century to reach the milestone.[99][91] Bassist Mike Hogan said of the achievement that "I can still remember making such a great video and seeing the impact that it had – and still does – on people".[91] On 20 April 2020, the music video for "Zombie" remastered in 4K resolution was officially released for YouTube with previously unseen footage from the original video shoot.[100][101]

In November 2022, the song was voted as the greatest Irish hit of all time by RTÉ 2fm listeners in compiling the ultimate Irish playlist for a television special shown on RTÉ One.[102]

Live performances

A version of "Zombie" was already played one year before the release of No Need to Argue, on the band's first European tour with Hothouse Flowers, after the release of Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?.[20]

On 13 August 1994, two months prior to the release of No Need to Argue, the Cranberries performed at the Woodstock '94 music festival in New York.[103] Towards the end of "Zombie", O'Riordan embodied what it meant to her, dedicating the song to others, like the victims of ethnic cleansing,[47] she declared that "this song is our cry against man's inhumanity to man, inhumanity to child", adding, "and war, babies dying, and Belfast, and Bosnia, and Rwanda".[104]

The Cranberries kept "Zombie" in their concert setlists throughout their career.[29] On 11 November 1994, the Cranberries featured as the musical guest on US talk show Late Show with David Letterman, performing the lead single one month after No Need to Argue was released. Junkee music editor Jules LeFevre, wrote that the footage captured "O'Riordan's extraordinary voice" and considered the live performance as "straight-up sublime".[105]

On 14 February 1995, the band recorded a nine-song set including "Zombie", for MTV Unplugged, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York City.[106][107] Their acoustic performance was accompanied by Electra Strings quartet first aired on 18 April 1995.[108]

On 25 February 1995, the Cranberries played the song on their appearance on the US show Saturday Night Live, in a slow tempo performance that British author Dave Thompson called "one of the most powerful performances that the show has ever seen".[109][110] The episode came a week after record producer Denny Cordell, an early mentor to the Cranberries, had died. Writer Ed Power wrote that the performance "has the rawness of early grief", while Rolling Stone would later declare it "one of the greatest SNL turns".[37]

The band released a stripped-down version of "Zombie", recorded for Something Else, an unplugged album that features acoustic renditions of songs from their catalog, accompanied by the Limerick-based Irish Chamber Orchestra.[111] The song appeared on the set list of their 2017 tour, featuring the Irish Chamber Orchestra's string quartet.[112]

On 3 October 2019, the three surviving members of the Cranberries released footage on YouTube of the band performing "Zombie" live at the Astoria 2 in London in January 1994, taken from their live DVD titled the Cranberries Live. The song was fully formed and played eight months before it was released as a single.[24]

Censorship

In March 2003, on the eve of the outbreak of Iraq War, the British Government and the Independent Television Commission issued a statement saying ITC's Programme Code would temporarily remove from broadcast songs and music videos featuring "sensitive material", including "Zombie". Numerous media groups complied with the decision to avoid "offending public feeling", along with MTV Europe. Since it violated the ITC guidelines, "Zombie" was placed on a blacklist of songs, targeting its official music video. The censorship was lifted once the war had ended.[113]

In August 2006, CBS censored an American Rock Star Supernova contestant's rendition of "Zombie", as a result of the lyrics and deleted all mentions of tanks, bombs and guns. Although CBS declined to comment, an employee claimed that it was "worried that the song might be seen as an anti-Iraq War statement".[114]

Formats and track listings

All tracks are written by Dolores O'Riordan except where indicated

UK and European CD1, Australasian and Japanese CD single[115][116][117]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Zombie" 5:06
2."Away" 2:39
3."I Don't Need"
3:31
UK and European CD2[118]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Zombie" 5:06
2."Waltzing Back" (live at the Fleadh Festival, 11 June 1994) 3:45
3."Linger" (live at the Fleadh Festival, 11 June 1994)
  • O'Riordan
  • Hogan
5:25
UK 7-inch and cassette single, US and Australian cassette single[119][120][121]
No.TitleLength
1."Zombie"4:11
2."Away"2:39
US CD single[122]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Zombie" 5:06
2."Away" 2:39
3."I Don't Need"
  • O'Riordan
  • Hogan
3:31
4."Waltzing Back" (live at the Fleadh Festival, 11 June 1994) 3:45
5."Linger" (live at the Fleadh Festival, 11 June 1994)
  • O'Riordan
  • Hogan
5:24

Charts

Weekly charts

Certifications and sales

Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[165] Platinum 70,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[179] Gold 25,000*
Belgium (BEA)[180] Platinum 50,000*
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[181] Platinum 90,000‡
France — 500,000[182]
Germany (BVMI)[183] Platinum 500,000^
Italy (FIMI)[184] 2× Platinum 140,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[185] 3× Platinum 90,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[186] Gold 25,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[187] 2× Platinum 1,200,000‡

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Bad Wolves cover

"Zombie"
Single by Bad Wolves
from the album Disobey
Released18 January 2018 (2018-01-18)
GenreHard rock[188][189]
Length4:15
LabelEleven Seven
Songwriter(s)Dolores O'Riordan
Bad Wolves singles chronology
"Zombie"
(2018)		 "Remember When"
(2019)

The American heavy metal band Bad Wolves recorded a cover of "Zombie" in 2017 while they were working on their debut album Disobey.[190] The band's singer Tommy Vext slightly altered the lyrics, inserting a reference to drones and replacing "since 1916" with "in 2018" to show that times haven't changed.[191] The band also added two extra stanzas to the end of the song which were not present in the original.[192] However, Vext said that "we weren't sure it if was going to make it onto the record. The song is a masterpiece and a massive hit. Some art is sacred—you become afraid to do a rendition of it".[193] On 21 December 2017,[194] Vext met Dan Waite—the Internal managing director of Bad Wolves' record label Eleven Seven Label Group-Europe[195] and a long-time close friend of O'Riordan—backstage at London's Wembley Arena at a heavy metal concert.[196][190] Then he asked Waite to send her the cover for consideration as well as her approval for its release. Vext commented that "I just got the courage to ask him to send her the song to see if she would approve of it. It's always a jarring thing to take on someone's piece of work: especially as the Cranberries were a massive band, and 'Zombie' was probably their biggest song".[197] On Christmas Eve 2017, Waite sent a text message to Vext that said O'Riordan had offered to "sing on it".[190][193] Vext described the situation: "it was a dream come true",[190] while the others musicians "almost didn't believe it".[197]

On 14 January 2018, O'Riordan flew from her home in New York City to London. According to O'Riordan's agent, Lindsey Holmes, the primary purpose of her flight was for a studio mixing session on Monday and Tuesday with Martin "Youth" Glover for her side project's second album, and she was also due to meet with the Cranberries' record label BMG.[198][199] On 15 January 2018, at 1:12 am GMT at her Mayfair hotel in London, O'Riordan left a voice message to Waite, where she expressed her thoughts, describing the cover as "awesome".[200][201] She also invited Waite to come in the studio, slated for later that morning, and listen to the results of her vocals recording.[202] O'Riordan was later found unresponsive in the bathroom and confirmed dead at 09:16 am.[203] Following her death, Bad Wolves said,

We are shocked and saddened at the news of Dolores' passing. [ ... ] We have always had deep respect for her as an artist and a vocalist and she was never afraid to bare her soul in her music and lyrics. 'Zombie' is an incredibly personal song and although we are a hard rock band, [w]e always felt the rawness and honesty she projected on stage and in her recordings was something to which all bands should aspire to, regardless of genre. When we heard she liked our version and wanted to sing on it, it was the greatest compliment a new band, or any band for that matter, could have received.[202]

TMZ published O'Riordan's final voice message on 5 April 2018.[200][201] Bad Wolves released the cover on 18 January 2018 as the second single from their debut album Disobey. The cover was released without her vocals as a tribute.[204][192] The cover topped the US Billboard Mainstream Rock chart in May 2018 for three weeks and peaked at No. 54 on the Hot 100.[205] In June 2018, at a concert in New York City, Bad Wolves donated $250,000 to O'Riordan's children.[206] The idea of making a donation was set up by Allen Kovac,[207] Eleven Seven Label Group founder,[208] and former manager of the Cranberries,[31] who also managed them during the original release of "Zombie".[209]

In an interview, bassist Kyle Konkiel shared his thoughts on the new cover's sound:

[Our version] is kind of a darker more melodic feel than the original, which had a lot of heavy guitars and that legendary bassline and more focus on the actual instruments than the lyrics themselves.

— Kyle Konkiel.[210]

Music video

The song's music video was directed by Wayne Isham and was released on 18 January 2018, the day before the band released the song as a single.[211]

The video begins with text discussing the cover's background and the passing of O'Riordan. The video then cuts to shots of the band performing the song in a black room, wearing black clothing and playing black instruments interspersed with close-up scenes of a woman (played by Ava Capra) being covered in gold paint. The video then cuts in between shots of the band performing and the woman interacting with Vext which mainly involves her smearing gold paint on a glass pane between the two of them. After the guitar solo, she etches "1-15-18", the date of O'Riordan's death, into the paint. The woman's appearance (gold body paint, gold dress, and gold beaded headdress) is nearly identical to that of O'Riordan in the Cranberries' original Zombie music video. The video ends with a quote by Vext.[212]

Charts

Certifications and sales

Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[230] Gold 35,000‡
Canada (Music Canada)[231] 5× Platinum 400,000‡
France (SNEP)[232] Gold 100,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[233] Silver 200,000‡
United States (RIAA)[234] 3× Platinum 3,000,000‡
Streaming
Sweden (GLF)[235] Platinum 8,000,000†

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
† Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.

Miley Cyrus cover

"Zombie"
Promotional single by Miley Cyrus
from the album Plastic Hearts (Digital edition)
Released23 October 2020 (2020-10-23)
Genre
Length4:50
LabelRCA
Songwriter(s)Dolores O'Riordan

On 18 October 2020, American singer Miley Cyrus performed a cover of the song at NIVA Save Our Stages at Whisky a Go Go, a fundraiser concert streamed live on YouTube and that performance quickly became viral online with individuals appreciating Cyrus' fine, raw vocals.[236] Cyrus later on released her live cover to digital and streaming platforms and announced that the track would be one of the two (the latter being another viral take at Blondie's "Heart of Glass") covers that would be a part of her seventh full-studio album Plastic Hearts.[237]

On 20 October 2020, the Cranberries publicly gave Cyrus their seal of approval.[238] Sharing Miley's performance to their official Twitter page, the Cranberries wrote alongside it: "We were delighted to hear of Miley Cyrus' cover of Zombie at the Whisky a Go Go #SOSFEST in LA at the weekend. ... It's one of the finest covers of the song that we've heard. We think Dolores would be very impressed!".[238]

On 28 November 2020, in reaction to the Cranberries "acknowledging it and writing that it honoured Dolores", Cyrus said to Stephen Byrne on RTÉ 2fm: "also [saying that] they liked my interpretation of the song – it just meant a lot".[239] She further stated that she felt like it was "really timely, even though it was a cover and maybe an older song, it just felt like it was super right now", adding that the lyrics "just really resonated" with her.[239]

Charts

Chart (2020) Peak
position
France (SNEP Sales Chart)[240] 193
US Digital Song Sales (Billboard)[241] 34
US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard)[242] 21

Certifications

Certifications and sales for "Prisoner"
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[243] Gold 20,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
† Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.

Other notable covers

  • In late 1994, a cover version by Spanish mákina group Ororo was released in conjunction with the original version. This version reached No. 1 in Spain and No. 16 in Austria.[244][245]
  • In 1995, a Eurodance cover version by Italian quartet A.D.A.M. featuring Amy reached No. 16 in the UK Singles Chart,[246] No. 65 in Australia,[247] No. 20 in France, No. 7 in Ireland,[248] No. 9 in Italy, and No. 35 in Belgium.[249]
  • In 2011, Christina Parie covered the song on The X Factor Australia. After her performance, the song re-entered the ARIA Top 100 Singles Chart at No. 69.[250]
  • In 2017, Dutch hardstyle DJ Ran-D released a cover of the song on Armada Records which was certified gold in the Netherlands in 2019.[251]
  • In February 2018, the pop rock band Dreamers released a cover of the song.[252]
  • In 2018, Ghostly Kisses' sophomore EP This City Holds My Heart closed with a cover of the song.[253]
  • On 16 January 2019, to mark the first anniversary of O'Riordan's death, Chicago rapper Vic Mensa released a cover song through his punk-inspired band named 93Punx.[254] On 27 April 2020, one week after the Cranberries music video reached one billion views on YouTube, 93Punx released their music video including their own live footage and interspersed with scenes from the original video.[255]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This ceasefire was broken less than two years later, after the 1996 IRA bombing of London Docklands, and reestablished in 1997.[32]

References

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  2. ↑ Lessing, Doris (24 October 2007). "9/11 not as bad as IRA, says Doris Lessing". Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  3. ↑ IBP Usa (2011). EU Counter Terrorism Strategy, Programs and Activities – Strategic Information and Materials. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: International Business Publications. pp. 43–59. ISBN 978-1-438-73813-0. Retrieved 5 November 2020. p. 44: Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) | Strength: ~10,000 over 30 years
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Sources

Further reading

  • Radden Keefe, Patrick (2020). Say Nothing: A True Story of Murder and Memory in Northern Ireland. New York: Anchor. ISBN 978-0-385-52131-4.
  • McKittrick, David; McVea, David (2002). Making Sense of the Troubles: The Story of the Conflict in Northern Ireland. Belfast: New Amsterdam Books. ISBN 978-1-561-31070-8.
  • Post, Jerrold M. (2008). The Mind of the Terrorist: The Psychology of Terrorism from the IRA to al-Qaeda (1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-2306-1269-3.
  • English, Richard (2012). Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA. London: Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-447-21249-2.
  • Pulliam, June; Fonseca, Anthony J. (2014). Encyclopedia of the Zombie: The Walking Dead in Popular Culture and Myth. Louisiana: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4408-0388-8.
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