Zhejiang Province
浙江省
Province
Map of Chekiang Province
Map of Chekiang Province
Coordinates: 29°00′N 120°00′E / 29.000°N 120.000°E / 29.000; 120.000
CountryRepublic of China (de jure)
CapitalHangzhou (de jure)[lower-alpha 1]
County
List
  • 79 counties
    7 counties (1950)
  • 4 counties and 2 administrative regions (1951)[1]
Area
 • Total101,800 km2 (39,300 sq mi)
Population
 (1954)
 • Total1,700
Chekiang Province under ROC control, between 1949 and 1955.

Zhejiang or Chekiang is a de jure province in the Republic of China according to the ROC law, as the ROC government formally claims to be the legitimate government of the whole China. Founded after the collapse of the Qing dynasty, it was de facto abolished after the ROC Forces, ROC government officials and local residents were evacuated from Dachen to Taiwan in 1955 following the military defeat of the ROC by People's Liberation Army forces of the newly-founded People's Republic of China during the Battle of Dachen Archipelago.[2]

After the Chinese Civil War, the Kuomintang-led Republic of China government lost its control in Mainland China and only held several islands east of mainland Chekiang Province, including Yushan, Toumenshan, Yijiangshan, Dachen, Pishan and Nanji.[3] After losing the mainland, the Nationalists used the islands to stage commando raids into Zhejiang, occasionally penetrating as far as the area around Shanghai.[4] The county governments withdrawn to the islands from the mainland included seven counties, namely Wenling, Linhai, Huangyan, Pinyang, Sanmen, Yueqing and Yuhuan. Chiang Kai-shek, the late President of the Republic of China, appointed Hu Zongnan, the general of the ROC Armed Forces, to establish the "Government of Chekiang Province" on the Dachen Islands in September 1951. Its purpose was to fight against the mainland which was controlled by the Chinese Communist Party.

In 1952, the Chekiang Government reorganized the seven counties into four counties, which were Wenling, Linhai, Pinyang and Yuhuan. Sanmen county was reorganised as "Yushan Administrative Bureau", and "Zhuyu Administrative Bureau" was also established. These administrative bureaus were originally intended to be used as the "special region" for direct economic trading with Mainland China, however they were abolished one year later. In 1953, the Chekiang Government office moved to Taiwan. In 1955, the People's Liberation Army conquered Yijiangshan Island during the Battle of Yijiangshan Islands.

The Republic of China evacuated the military garrison and civil residents from Dachen and Nanji to the island of Taiwan with the assistance of the United States Seventh Fleet. The Chekiang Government on Taiwan was abolished soon afterwards, and the People's Republic of China successfully occupied the offshore islands, establishing control over the whole of Zhejiang Province.[5][6] However, the ROC does not recognize changes in administrative divisions made by the PRC, including this province, official maps of the ROC government shows Chekiang Province in its pre-1949 boundaries.

List of governors

  Non-partisan/ unknown   Unity Party   Republican Party   Military/ Warlords   Kuomintang/ National Revolutionary Army

Military governors

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political party
1 Tang Shouqian
湯壽潛

(1856–1917)		 4 November 1911 (nominated on 4 November 1911)[7]1 January 1912[7]
Served as provincial military governor (dudu 都督)[7]
2 Jiang Zungui
蔣尊簋

(1882–1931)		 12 July 1912 (nominated on 16 January 1912)[7]23 July 1912[7] Unity Party
Also served as head of the civil government during his tenure as military governor.[7]
3 Zhu Rui
朱瑞

(1883–1916)		 23 July 1912[7]11 April 1916[7] Republican Party
Served as provincial general (jiangjun 將軍) from 30 June 1914; also served as head of the civil government 23 July 1912 – 10 September 1913. Eventually fled the province.[7]
4 Qu Yingguang
屈映光

(1881–1973)		 14 April 1916 (nominated on 12 April 1916)[7]5 May 1916[7]
Acting military governor. Also served as de facto head of the civil government from 10 September 1913 to 6 July 1916, and as "pacification commissioner" (xun'anshi 巡按使) from 25 May 1914[7]
5 Lü Gongwang
呂公望

(1879–1954)		 6 July 1916 (nominated on 5 May 1916)[7]1 January 1917[7]
Also served as de facto head of the civil government, namely "provincial head" (shengzhang 省長) during his tenure.[7]
6 Yang Shande
楊善德

(1873–1919)		 1 January 1917[7]13 August 1919[7] Anhui clique
Died in office.[7]
7 Lu Yongxiang
盧永祥
Lú Yǒngxiáng
(1867–1933)		 14 August 1919[7]20 September 1924[7] Anhui clique
Served as "provincial superintendent" (duban 督辦) from 20 June 1922.[7]
8 Sun Chuanfang
孫傳芳
Sūn Chuánfāng
(1885–1935)		 20ß September 1924[7]19 December 1926[7] Zhili clique
Sun initially served as "provincial supervisor" (duli 督理), and as "provincial superintendent" (duban 督辦) from 16 January 1925.[7] He mostly ruled through subordinates, most notably appointing Lu Xiangting as "military commander-in-chief" (de facto military governor) in January 1926.[8]
(9) Lu Xiangting 25 January 1926[8] ? Zhili clique
Served as "military commander-in-chief" of the province.[8]
10 Jiang Zungui 19 December 1926[7]29 December 1926[7] Zhili clique
11 Meng Zhaoyue 29 December 1926[7]17 February 1927[7] Zhili clique

Civil governors

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political party
1 Lü Gongwang
呂公望

(1879–1954)		 1916January 1917
2 Qi Yaoshan
齊耀珊

(1865–1954)		 January 191724 June 1920
3 Shen Jinjiani
沈金鑒

(1875–1924)		 24 June 192029 October 1922
4 Zhang Zaiyang
張載揚

 29 October 1922?
5 Xia Chao
夏超

(1882-1926)		 192423 October 1926 Zhili clique
NRA
6 Chen Yi
陳儀
Chén Yí
(1883-1950)		 October 1925July 1927 Zhili clique
NRA

Chairperson of the Provincial Government

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political party
1 Zhang Renjie
張靜江

(1877–1950)		 27 July 19275 October 1927 Kuomintang
2 He Yingqin
何應欽
Hé Yìngqīn
(1890–1987)		 5 October 19277 November 1928 Kuomintang
(1) Zhang Renjie
張靜江

(1877–1950)		 7 November 19284 December 1930 Kuomintang
3 Zhang Nanxian
張難先

(1873–1968)		 4 December 193015 December 1931 Kuomintang
4 Lu Diping
魯滌平

(1887–1935)		 15 December 193112 December 1934 Kuomintang
5 Huang Shaohong
黃紹竑

(1895–1966)		 12 December 193425 July 1936 Kuomintang
6 Bai Chongxi
白崇禧

(1893–1966)		 25 July 19366 September 1936 Kuomintang
Refused to take office; Director of Civil Affairs Department Xu Qingfu acted as Chairperson.
(5) Huang Shaohong
黃紹竑

(1895–1966)		 6 September 19362 December 1936 Kuomintang
7 Zhu Jiahua
朱家驊
Zhū Jiāhuá
(1893–1963)		 12 December 193426 November 1937 Kuomintang
(5) Huang Shaohong
黃紹竑

(1895–1966)		 26 November 193726 March 1946 Kuomintang
8 Shen Honglie
沈鴻烈

(1882–1969)		 26 March 194622 June 1948 Kuomintang
9 Chen Yi
陳儀
Chén Yí
(1883-1950)		 22 June 194821 February 1949 Kuomintang
10 Zhou Yan
周喦
 21 February 19496 December 1949 Kuomintang
11 Shi Jue
石覺
(1908-1986)		 7 December 194913 May 1950 Kuomintang
12 Hu Zongnan
胡宗南
(1896-1962)		 19 October 195023 July 1953 Kuomintang
Evacuated to Taiwan 23 July 1953.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑

References

  1. ↑ 蔣經國巡視大陳島 (Chinese Version)
  2. ↑ 國民政府的浙江省政府 (Chinese Version)
  3. ↑ "三軍渡海攻占一江山島 (Chinese Version)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  4. ↑ Domes, Jurgen. Peng Te-huai: The Man and the Image, London: C. Hurst & Company. 1985. ISBN 0-905838-99-8. p.66
  5. ↑ 1955: US evacuates Pacific islands
  6. ↑ Tachen Island Evacuation History
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 "Military and Civilian Governors of Zhejiang 1911-1949". Chinaknowledge. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  8. 1 2 3 Jordan (1976), p. 132.

Bibliography

  • Jordan, Donald A. (1976). "Provincialism within the Chinese National Revolution: The Case of Chekiang, 1926–1927". In F. Gilbert Chan; Thomas H. Etzold (eds.). China in the 1920s. Nationalism and Revolution. New York City, London: Franklin Watts. ISBN 0-531-05383-0.
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