in a 1969 protest

Zelda Fay D'Aprano AO (24 January 1928[1] – 21 February 2018)[2] was an Australian feminist activist living in Melbourne, Victoria.[3] In 2023, a statue of her was unveiled outside Trades Hall in Melbourne.[4]

Life

Early life

D'Aprano (born Zelda Fay Orloff) grew up in a two-bedroom house in Carlton with her brother Maurice, her sister Clara and her parents Shimshon and Rachel Leah Orloff. She grew up in an Orthodox Jewish household, but her mother became a communist when D'Aprano was still a child, prompting D'Aprano to become one herself in later years.[5] She left school before she was 14 to work in various factories,[6] despite being placed in a gifted class at school.[5] She was married at 16 to Charlie D'Aprano, who left her 21 years later,[5] and she had a child when she was 17,[7] a daughter named Leonie.[7] It was at these factory jobs when she first started to notice the inequalities that female workers faced, especially related to the pay gap.[8] She was fired from several jobs for trying to better the conditions in which women worked.[9] She joined the Communist Party in 1950 and was a member until 1971.[6]

Schooling

D'Aprano left school before her fourteenth birthday to support her family. She later fully qualified as a dental nurse in 1961.[6] She completed her Leaving Certificate in 1965, at the same time as her daughter. She attended night school for two years[5] graduating in 1967 as a qualified chiropodist,[6] though she never practised.

Occupation

After various jobs, including at a shortbread factory and a grocer's, D'Aprano went to work at Larundel Psychiatric Hospital as a dental nurse.[6] She joined the Hospital Employees' Federation No.2 Branch, in which there was little support for her, especially as she was a woman. She was made shop steward while there, putting her in charge of all the women who worked as dental nurses.[9] She also worked two days a week at a disabled children's hospital, the other three days spent at the psychiatric hospital.[5] In 1969, she joined the Australasian Meat Industry Employees' Union (AMIEU), working as a clerk there.[5] She was appalled by the conditions in the office, and even more so when she discovered that there was no one to talk to about them.[5] She attempted to be active in both the AMIEU and at work in trying to correct the work situations that women faced, but was constantly rebuffed and her efforts overlooked. After being fired from the AMIEU for criticising her boss, she joined the Mail Exchange as a mail sorter.[9]

Activism

It was in 1969, when D'Aprano was working in the AMIEU, that the union was being used as a test case for the Equal Pay Case.[5] D'Aprano and several other women waited as the case was being decided in the Arbitration Court. On 21 October 1969, after the case failed, she chained herself to the doors of the Commonwealth Building during her lunch break, with women who worked in the building supporting her. She was eventually cut free by police.[5] Ten days later, on 31 October, she was joined by Alva Geikie and Thelma Solomon, and they chained themselves to the doors of the Arbitration Court, the one which had dismissed the Equal Pay Case.[10] There was media coverage for both, although little footage. For this activism she was dismissed from the AMIEU.

The next year, these three women founded the Women's Action Committee to jump start the Women's Liberation Movement in Melbourne. This organisation tried to get women more involved in activism as[11] "we had passed the stage of caring about a "lady-like" image because women had for too long been polite and ladylike and were still being ignored" (D'Aprano 1995). This led the women to take more militant action on their path to equal pay. These same women founded the Women's Liberation Centre on Little Latrobe Street in 1972.

She kept her left-wing values, though she left the Communist Party in 1971, and criticized left movements for being male-dominated.[12]

The Women's Action Committee kept going, and grew as it went. They travelled around Melbourne paying only 75% of the fares, because women were only given 75% of the wage of men at the time. Because women weren't allowed to drink in bars, only in lounges, they did pub crawls across Melbourne. The Committee helped arrange the first pro-choice rally in around 1975. Even though it was an incredibly secret subject at the time, 500 women attended the march, though with very little media coverage.

D'Aprano was awarded a degree in Law honoris causa by Macquarie University in 2000, and was inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2001.[13] She was awarded the Order of Australia in 2004 [14]

Bibliography

Books

  • Zelda: The Becoming of a Woman, Z. D'Aprano, North Carlton, Victoria, 1977, ISBN 0959688412
  • Zelda, new edition, Spinifex Press, North Melbourne, 1995, ISBN 1875559302
  • Kath Williams: The unions and the fight for equal pay, Spinifex Press, North Melbourne, 2001, ISBN 1876756020

Contributions

  • "What Do You Do When You Are Fed up with Men's Mismanagement of Our Planet Earth and Their Wars?", in September 11, 2001 : Feminist perspectives, edited by Susan Hawthorne and Bronwyn Winter, Spinifex Press, North Melbourne, 2002, ISBN 1876756276
  • Women's Web stories actions Women's Web

References

  1. ↑ Who's who in Australia. Herald and Weekly Times. 16 July 2007. ISBN 9781740951302 – via Google Books.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Legacy.com. Archived from the original on 11 September 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ↑ van Deventer, Leena (23 February 2018). "Zelda D'Aprano fought for equality all her life. The fire in our bellies is her legacy". The Guardian, Australia. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  4. ↑ Waters, Cara (30 May 2023). "Fare fighter, pub crawler and feminist: Zelda D'Aprano immortalised in bronze". The Age. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Australian Biography: Zelda D'Aprano". National Film and Sound Archive. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Melbourne, National Foundation for Australian Women and The University of. "D'Aprano, Zelda Fay – Woman – The Australian Women's Register". www.womenaustralia.info. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  7. 1 2 "It's back to the future". The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 March 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  8. ↑ "Zelda D'Aprano | Ergo". ergo.slv.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 Melbourne, The University of. "D'Aprano, Zelda – Woman – The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia". www.womenaustralia.info. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  10. ↑ "www.vwllfa.org.au/bios-pdf/arch67-daprano.pdf" (PDF). VWLLFA Biographies. Victorian Women Liberation and Lesbian Archives. 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  11. ↑ Melbourne, National Foundation for Australian Women and The University of. "D'Aprano, Zelda Fay – Woman – The Australian Women's Register". www.womenaustralia.info. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  12. ↑ Melbourne, The University of. "D'Aprano, Zelda – Woman – The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia". www.womenaustralia.info. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  13. ↑ "Victorian Honour Roll of Women 2017 – pdf" (PDF). Victoria.gov.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  14. ↑ "Order of Australia 2004". 26 January 2004.
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