Yamagata
山形市
Core city
Above:View of Kajō Park and Statue of Yoshiaki Mogami, Middle:Yamagata Hanagasa Festival, Yama-dera (Risshaku Temple), Bottom:Zaō Spa, Yamagata Prefectural Folk Museum (all items from left to right)
Above:View of Kajō Park and Statue of Yoshiaki Mogami, Middle:Yamagata Hanagasa Festival, Yama-dera (Risshaku Temple), Bottom:Zaō Spa, Yamagata Prefectural Folk Museum (all items from left to right)
Flag of Yamagata
Flag
Official seal of Yamagata
Seal
Location of Yamagata in Yamagata Prefecture
Location of Yamagata in Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata is located in Japan
Yamagata
Yamagata
 
Coordinates: 38°15′19.5″N 140°20′22.6″E / 38.255417°N 140.339611°E / 38.255417; 140.339611
CountryJapan
RegionTōhoku
PrefectureYamagata Prefecture
First official recorded690 AD
City SettledApril 1, 1889
Government
 • MayorTakahiro Satō
Area
 • Total381.30 km2 (147.22 sq mi)
Population
 (August 1, 2023)
 • Total242,505
 • Density640/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
- TreeJapanese Rowan
- FlowerSafflower
Phone number023-641-1212
Address2-3-25 Hatagomachi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata-ken 990-8540
WebsiteOfficial website
Yamagata city hall
Downtown Yamagata, on the Yamagataekimae Ōdōri (Prefectural Road 16)

Yamagata (山形市, Yamagata-shi, Japanese: [jamaꜜɡata]) is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 242,505 in 103,165 households,[1] and a population density of 636 persons per km². The total area of the city is 381.58 square kilometres (147 sq mi).

Geography

Yamagata is in the southern portion of the Yamagata Basin in southeast Yamagata Prefecture. The northern and northwestern parts of the city are flatland, and the eastern part of the city is occupied by the Ōu Mountains. The city includes Mount Zaō within its borders. The Mamigasaki River passes through the city, and the Tachiyagawa River forms the border between Yamagata and Tendō.

Neighboring municipalities

Climate

Yamagata has a Humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) with large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heaviest from July to September. The average annual temperature in Yamagata is 11.7 °C (53.1 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,163 millimetres (45.8 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25 °C (77 °F), and lowest in January, at around −0.4 °C (31.3 °F).[2] Yamagata city is part of the heavy snow area of Japan (Gosetsu chitai, 豪雪地帯) with snowfall most days throughout the winter season.

Yamagata City is located in a wide central valley that can heat up quickly in spring and summer and is often grey and humid, while to the east in Miyagi Prefecture on the Pacific coast it is usually clearer and more temperate.

Climate data for Yamagata (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1889−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.1
(64.6)		 17.3
(63.1)		 23.7
(74.7)		 33.3
(91.9)		 34.1
(93.4)		 37.5
(99.5)		 40.8
(105.4)		 39.0
(102.2)		 36.6
(97.9)		 32.3
(90.1)		 26.9
(80.4)		 20.6
(69.1)		 40.8
(105.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9)		 4.4
(39.9)		 9.1
(48.4)		 16.4
(61.5)		 22.6
(72.7)		 25.9
(78.6)		 29.1
(84.4)		 30.5
(86.9)		 25.8
(78.4)		 19.5
(67.1)		 12.6
(54.7)		 6.1
(43.0)		 17.1
(62.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8)		 0.4
(32.7)		 4.0
(39.2)		 10.2
(50.4)		 16.2
(61.2)		 20.3
(68.5)		 23.9
(75.0)		 25.0
(77.0)		 20.6
(69.1)		 14.1
(57.4)		 7.7
(45.9)		 2.4
(36.3)		 12.1
(53.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.1
(26.4)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 4.7
(40.5)		 10.7
(51.3)		 15.7
(60.3)		 20.0
(68.0)		 20.9
(69.6)		 16.6
(61.9)		 9.8
(49.6)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 7.9
(46.2)
Record low °C (°F) −20.0
(−4.0)		 −19.0
(−2.2)		 −15.5
(4.1)		 −7.3
(18.9)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 3.0
(37.4)		 6.7
(44.1)		 8.4
(47.1)		 3.0
(37.4)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 −7.2
(19.0)		 −15.0
(5.0)		 −20.0
(−4.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 87.8
(3.46)		 63.0
(2.48)		 72.1
(2.84)		 63.9
(2.52)		 74.5
(2.93)		 104.8
(4.13)		 187.2
(7.37)		 153.0
(6.02)		 123.8
(4.87)		 105.1
(4.14)		 74.4
(2.93)		 97.2
(3.83)		 1,206.7
(47.51)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 103
(41)		 79
(31)		 35
(14)		 2
(0.8)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 4
(1.6)		 66
(26)		 285
(112)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) 18.6 14.9 14.5 11.2 10.2 11.1 14.1 11.5 11.9 11.9 14.2 17.8 162.1
Average relative humidity (%) 81 77 69 62 64 71 76 75 77 77 78 81 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 79.6 99.6 140.4 175.9 196.5 165.0 144.5 171.8 136.6 132.1 102.2 73.8 1,617.9
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3]

Demographics

Per Japanese census data,[4] the population of Yamagata has remained relatively steady over the past 40 years.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1960 188,560—    
1970 204,127+8.3%
1980 237,041+16.1%
1990 249,487+5.3%
2000 255,369+2.4%
2010 254,244−0.4%
2020 247,590−2.6%

History

The area of present-day Yamagata was part of Dewa Province. During the Edo period, it was a castle town and the center of Yamagata Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. The city of Yamagata was founded on April 1, 1889 as the capital of Yamagata Prefecture with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The city attained special city status on April 1, 2001. The city's status is then further elevated into a core city on April 1, 2019.[5]

Government

Yamagata has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 33 members. The city contributes nine members to the Yamagata Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Yamagata District 1 of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Education

  • Yamagata has 36 public elementary schools and 15 public middle schools operated by the city government and ten public high schools operated by the Yamagata Prefectural Board of Education. There are also four private high schools. The prefecture also operates three special education schools for the handicapped.

Universities

High schools

  • Yamagata East H.S.
  • Yamagata South H.S.
  • Yamagata West H.S.
  • Yamagata North H.S.
  • Yamagata Technical H.S.
  • Yamagata Central H.S.
  • Kajo-Gakuen H.S.
  • Yamagata Civic Commercial H.S.
  • Yamagata-Gakuin H.S.
  • Yamagata-Johoku H.S.
  • Tōkai University Yamagata Senior H.S.
  • Nihon University Yamagata Senior H.S.
  • Yamamoto-Gakuen H.S.
  • Yamagata-Meisei H.S.

Transportation

Railway

East Japan Railway Company - Yamagata Shinkansen

East Japan Railway Company - Ōu Main Line(Yamagata Line)

East Japan Railway Company - Senzan Line

East Japan Railway Company - - Aterazawa Line

Highway

Culture

Local events

  • Yamagata Hanagasa Festival (花笠祭り, Hanagasa Matsuri) - one of Tōhoku's major summer festivals, is held in the city every August 5, 6 and 7. Yamagata also hosts the bi-annual Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival. An autumn tradition is Imoni-kai (taro potato party). Taro potatoes, thin-sliced meat, and vegetables are cooked in a large pot at picnic spots. The banks of the Mamigasaki River are popular. Once a year, on the first Sunday in September, the city government serves thousands of bowls from its giant iron pot, which is serviced by a building crane. In 2009, 30,000 servings were prepared and served, and still a crowd waited in line.[6]

Local attractions

  • Yama-dera (Ryushaku-ji) lies within the city limits, 15 minutes by train from the center.
  • Kajo Park, located in the city center of town northwest of the train station, is the extensive grounds of castle keep of feudal warlord Mogami Yoshiaki. While most of the park is athletic fields and public function buildings, the rebuilt walls, eastern main gate, and surrounding moat of the former castle are impressive. The Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum nearby features items from the Edo period, and information on these exhibits and the history of the castle town. It also contains a small public museum with displays of natural and social history.
  • Yamagata Museum of Art.
  • Mt. Zao, located just 40 minutes via bus from Yamagata Station is the massive mountain known as Mt. Zao. This is one of Japan's most famous places for skiing and snowboarding and also has many hiking courses to enjoy. There is also an onsen town here with many ryokan and public baths to soak in the water of Mt. Zao.
  • Bunshokan, the former prefectural office of Yamagata has now been remade as a museum that shows the history of Yamagata Prefecture and also is completely free for visitors to enter and look around.
  • Chitosekan, is one of Yamagata's oldest and most famous ryotei restaurants and was built by the same designer who made the bunshokan office in the center of Yamagata City.
  • Hirashimizu is an artisans village located just 15 minutes from the center of Yamagata City and has many pottery shops and craft shops to explore.[7]

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Yamagata is twinned with:[8]

Partner cities

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ Yamagata City official statistics (in Japanese)
  2. ↑ Yamagata climate data
  3. ↑ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  4. ↑ Yamagata population statistics
  5. ↑ 山形市の中核市移行が決定しました！！. Official site of Yamagata (in Japanese). Retrieved April 7, 2019.
  6. ↑ Yamagata Shinbun Newspaper, Sept.7, 2009
  7. ↑ "Hirashimizu | Yamagata | the Hidden Japan".
  8. ↑ "山形市の友好・姉妹都市について". city.yamagata-yamagata.lg.jp (in Japanese). Yamagata. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
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