Yadong County
亚东县 • གྲོ་མོ་རྫོང
Dromo, Tromo, Chomo
County
Location of Yadong County (red) within Shigatse City (yellow) and the Tibet Autonomous Region
Location of Yadong County (red) within Shigatse City (yellow) and the Tibet Autonomous Region
Yadong is located in Tibet
Yadong
Yadong
Location of the seat in Tibet
Yadong is located in China
Yadong
Yadong
Yadong (China)
Coordinates (Yadong County government): 27°29′10″N 88°54′26″E / 27.4861°N 88.9071°E / 27.4861; 88.9071
CountryChina
Autonomous regionTibet
Prefecture-level cityShigatse
County seatShasima (Yatung)
Area
 • Total4,240.14 km2 (1,637.13 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total15,449
 • Density3.6/km2 (9.4/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Websitewww.ydx.gov.cn

Yadong County (Chinese: 亚东县; pinyin: Yàdōng xiàn), also known by its Tibetan name Dromo/Tromo County (Tibetan: གྲོ་མོ་རྫོང, Wylie: gro mo rdzong, THL: dro mo dzong, ZYPY: Chomo Zong)[2][3] is a frontier county and trade-market of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, part of its Shigatse Prefecture.

Yadong County is coextensive with the Chumbi valley that extends south into the Himalayas between Sikkim and Bhutan. It shares boundaries with both India and Bhutan. It covers about 4,306 square kilometers with a population of 10,000. Its headquarters is Yatung (also called Shasima).

Geography

Map showing the Chumbi Valley (US Army Map Service, 1955)
Yadong County
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese亚东县
Traditional Chinese亞東縣
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese卓木县
Traditional Chinese卓木縣
Second alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese绰莫县
Traditional Chinese綽莫縣
Tibetan name
Tibetanགྲོ་མོ་རྫོང༌།

The Yadong County mainly consists of the Chumbi Valley, called Dromo/Tromo in Tibetan. The valley is bordered by Dongkya Range in the west and Massong-Chungdung range in the east. (See map.) Two rivers Khambu Machu and Tromo Chu arise within the valley and join at the town of Yatung. The joint river is known in English by its Bhutanese name Amo Chu. (Tibetans continue to call it Khambu Machu.)

The town of Yatung (also called Shasima), is the headquarters of the county. It is close to the borders of both the Indian state of Sikkim and also Bhutan. In 1986, it was reported to have had a hotel, a guest house, some government offices and army barracks.[4] Yadong is connected to the Indian state of Sikkim via the Nathu La pass.

Local specialities include Dromo fish and barley wine while the main tourist sites are Donggar Monastery, Kagyu Monastery and Khangbu Hotspring.

As part of the China Western Development strategy, the Chinese government planned to extend the Qinghai–Tibet Railway from Lhasa to Yatung.[5]

History

According to the Convention of Calcutta of 1890–94 signed by Great Britain and Qing dynasty China, the market at Old Yatung was opened to India in the valley coming down from the Jelep La pass. At that time there was a wall-like structure across the valley's stream extending part way up each side of the valley thus blocking the road to the interior of the county. This was a demarcation line that the British subjects were forbidden to cross. It was manned by 20 Tibetan soldiers under a sergeant along with three Chinese officials.[6] The construction of the wall was reported to be one of the reasons that led to the British expedition to Tibet in 1904. According to the resulting Convention of Lhasa, a British trade-agent was to be stationed at "Yatung". The British picked the location of the present Yatung town for the trade agency. (Two more trade agencies were also located at Gyantse and Gartok as part of the same Convention).[7]

Administrative divisions

Yadong County administers the following two towns and five townships:[8]

Name Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Tibetan Wylie
Towns
Shasima Town
(Yatung)		 下司马镇 Xiàsīmǎ zhèn ཤར་གསིང་མ་གྲོང་རྡལ། shar gsing ma grong rdal
Phari Town 帕里镇 Pàlǐ zhèn ཕག་རི་གྲོང་རྡལ། phag ri grong rdal
Townships
Dromomey Township
(Xiayadong, Xia Yadong, Lower Yadong)		 下亚东乡 Xiàyàdōng xiāng གྲོ་མོ་སྨད་ཤང་། gro mo smad shang
Dromotod Township
(Shangyadong, Shang Yadong, Upper Yadong)		 上亚东乡 Shàngyàdōng xiāng གྲོ་མོ་སྟོད་ཤང་། gro mo stod shang
Khambu Township 康布乡 Kāngbù xiāng ཁམ་བུ་ཤང་། kham pu shang
Tuna Township 堆纳乡 Duīnà xiāng དུད་སྣ་ཤང་། dud sna shang
Jiru Township 吉汝乡 Jírǔ xiāng སྒེར་རུ་ཤང་། sger ru shang

See also

References

  1. ↑ "日喀则市第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报" (in Chinese). Government of Xigazê. 2021-07-20.
  2. ↑ BDRCཨང་། (G2172), Buddhist Tibetan Resource Centre, retrieved 25 March 2021.
  3. ↑ Goldstein, Melvyn C. (2001), The New Tibetan-English Dictionary of Modern Tibetan, Univ of California Press, p. 204, ISBN 978-0-520-20437-9
  4. ↑ Buckley, Michael and Strauss, Robert. Tibet: a travel survival kit, p. 163. (1986) Lonely Planet Publications, Victoria, Australia. ISBN 0-908086-88-1.
  5. ↑ Extension plans. Retrieved June 28, 2006
  6. ↑ Sandberg, Graham (1901). An Itinerary of the Route from Sikkim to Lhasa. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press. p. 7.
  7. ↑ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Yatung". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 908.
  8. ↑ 2020年统计用区划代码（亚东县） [2020 Statistical Division Codes (Yadong County)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
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