There are a number of wind power projects in the state of Maine, totaling more than 900 megawatts (MW) in capacity. In 2020 they were responsible for 24% of in-state electricity production.[1] In 2019, Maine had more wind capacity than the other five New England states combined, at 923 MW.[2]

The largest wind farm is the Bingham Wind Farm in Kingsbury Plantation, with an installed capacity of 185 MW.[3]

Overview

Net Wind Generation for the State of Maine, 2007 – 2018
Maine Wind Generation Capacity by Year
Megawatts of Wind Capacity [2]

In 2008, then-Governor John Baldacci set a goal for the state of 2,000 megawatts of wind power installed by 2015 and 3,000 MW by 2020.[3] Since 2007 wind power generation has increased more than 16 times from 99 GWh generated for 2007 to 1623 GWh for 2016.[4]

As of the end of 2016, 901 megawatts of wind generation capacity had been installed in Maine and generated nearly 14% of the state's total electricity.[5] [6]

In January 2018, Gov. Paul LePage created a moratorium on all new wind power construction stating, “While out-of-state interests are eager to exploit our western mountains in order to serve their political agendas, we must act judiciously to protect our natural beauty."[7] Gov. Janet Mills ended the moratorium in February 2019 after she was elected governor.[8]

Operating wind farms

Mars Hill

Mars Hill wind farm.

In 2006, First Wind Holdings, LLC developed the first wind farm in Maine on Mars Hill (46°31.26′N 67°48.82′W / 46.52100°N 67.81367°W / 46.52100; -67.81367 (Mars Hill)). First Wind installed 28 GE 1.5 MW Wind Turbines at a cost of $85 million along the top and northern section of the mountain. The blades attached to the hub of the turbine are about 115 ft (35 m) long. This is small compared to the wind turbines available in 2024.

Beaver Ridge

The 3 turbine Beaver Ridge Wind Project is located in Freedom Maine(44°29′48″N 69°20′01″W / 44.496576°N 69.333690°W / 44.496576; -69.333690). It is owned and operated by Patriot Renewables and was commissioned on November 1, 2008.[9][10]

Stetson

Stetson I

The Stetson I wind farm consists of 38 GE 1.5 MW wind turbines, with a total capacity of 57 megawatts, strung along the north-south ridge of Stetson Mountain (45°31′34″N 67°58′35″W / 45.52611°N 67.97639°W / 45.52611; -67.97639 (Stetson Mountain)). It generates approximately 167 million kilowatt-hours (kW·h) of electricity per year and began commercial operations in January 2009.[11] First Wind received $40.44 million from the federal government to complete the Stetson I project which was one of twelve grants made to wind projects under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act stimulus program.[12]

Stetson II

In March 2009, the LURC approved First Wind's $60 million 25.5 MW Stetson II expansion. Seventeen turbines were installed on nearby Jimmy (45°37′48″N 67°58′47″W / 45.63000°N 67.97972°W / 45.63000; -67.97972 (Jimmy Mountain)) and Owl (45°35′34″N 67°57′34″W / 45.59278°N 67.95944°W / 45.59278; -67.95944 (Owl Mountain)) mountains.[13]

First Wind was bought by SunEdison and TerraForm Power in November 2014.[14]

Fox Islands

The Fox Islands Wind Power Project (44°05′38″N 68°52′05″W / 44.094°N 68.868°W / 44.094; -68.868 (Fox Islands, Maine)) is a 4.5 MW wind project consisting of three GE 1.5 MW wind turbines, providing power for North Haven and Vinalhaven Island. The $14.5 million project is expected to produce 11,600 megawatt-hours of electricity per year. Approved by a vote of 383–5 on July 29, 2008 by members of the Fox Islands Electric Cooperative, construction began on June 29, 2009, and the wind farm went online on November 17.[15][16][17] The project has significantly reduced rates on the island residents, who previously imported all their power from the mainland via a submarine power cable.[18][19] However, the noise generated by the turbines has caused considerable controversy on the island.[20]

University of Maine

In 2009, the University of Maine at Presque Isle installed a single 600 KW wind turbine on campus (46°40.0416′N 68°1.21′W / 46.6673600°N 68.02017°W / 46.6673600; -68.02017 (University of Maine at Presque Isle)) to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions.[21] This turbine produces approximately 680,000 KWh per year and saves the university approximately $100,000 in energy costs each year. The turbine was damaged in a fire in April 2018.[22]

Kibby Mountain

Kibby Wind Power

The Kibby Mountain wind farm project—at a capacity of 132 MW[23]—comprises forty-four 3 MW wind turbines strung along the ridges of Kibby Mtn. (45°25.12′N 70°32.66′W / 45.41867°N 70.54433°W / 45.41867; -70.54433 (Kibby Mountain)) and nearby Kibby Range (45°21.13′N 70°34.58′W / 45.35217°N 70.57633°W / 45.35217; -70.57633 (Kibby Range)).[24] is expected to generate about 357 million kilowatt-hours (41 MW·yr) of electricity annually. Half the turbines were put online in October 2009, and TransCanada completed the project in 2010.[25] The capital cost of the project is approximately US $320 million.[26] Work on clearing the site began by September 2008.[27] Kibby was purchased by LS Power through its affiliate Helix Generation in 2017.[28]

GSA

Two Northern Power Systems wind turbines were installed at the Jackman Land Port of Entry by the GSA to provide power for the U.S. border station (45°48′12″N 70°23′42″W / 45.803226°N 70.395042°W / 45.803226; -70.395042 (General Services Administration)). The two wind turbines produce 200 kW and approximately 400,000 kWh per year. This provides approximately 50% of power required to operate the U.S. border station and saves the station from burning approximately 38,000 US gallons (140 m3) of fuel each year.[29] Construction began in April 2010 and the project went online in March 2011.

Spruce Mountain

Spruce Mountain Wind Farm

The Spruce Mountain wind farm consists of 10 Gamesa G90 2-MW wind turbines. The project is located in Woodstock Maine.(44°25′12″N 70°33′19″W / 44.419937°N 70.555273°W / 44.419937; -70.555273 (Spruce Mountain))[30]

Rollins

In addition to the Stetson and Mars Hill projects, First Wind completed a 60 MW wind farm, with forty 1.5-MW turbines, on Rollins Mountain (45°23′14″N 68°21′49″W / 45.38724°N 68.36371°W / 45.38724; -68.36371 (Rollins Mountain)) and other hills in the Penobscot County towns of Lincoln, Burlington, Lee, and Winn.[31][32] The estimated cost is US$130 million.[33] First Wind was bought by SunEdison and TerraForm Power in November 2014.[14]

Record Hill

Record Hill Wind is a 50.6 MW wind project in Roxbury, consisting of 22 turbines arrayed along a four mile long north-south ridgeline connecting Record Hill, Flathead Mountain (44°39′40″N 70°37′41″W / 44.661°N 70.628°W / 44.661; -70.628 (Flathead Mountain, Record Hill Wind)), and Partridge Peak. The electrical output of the project is estimated to be approximately 160 million kW·h (18 MW·yr) per year.[34]

Bull Hill

A 34.2 MW wind project on Bull Hill (44°43′34″N 68°10′11″W / 44.72616°N 68.16963°W / 44.72616; -68.16963 (Bull Hill)) and adjoining hills in Maine Township 16 MD was built by First Wind and put online October 31, 2012. The $78.5 million project consists of 19 Vestas V100-1.8MW wind turbines.[35] First Wind was bought by SunEdison and TerraForm Power in November 2014.[14]

Oakfield

The Oakfield wind project at 148 MW was completed in 2015. The project is located near Oakfield (46°06′N 68°09′W / 46.10°N 68.15°W / 46.10; -68.15 (Oakfield, Maine)) and uses 48 Vestas wind turbines.[36][37]

Saddleback Ridge

The Saddleback Ridge wind project is a 34.2 megawatt, 12-turbine wind project located in Carthage, Maine.(44°36′21″N 70°22′33″W / 44.605755°N 70.375844°W / 44.605755; -70.375844 (Carthage, Maine)) It uses GE's 2.85 MW wind turbines and was developed by Patriot Renewables.

Passadumkeag Windpark

The Passadumkeag Windpark is located on Passadumkeag Mountain near Burlington, ME (45°07′55″N 68°21′31″W / 45.132037°N 68.358513°W / 45.132037; -68.358513 (Burlington, Maine)). It consists of 13 Vestas V112 3.0 series wind turbines with a rated capacity of 3.3 MW.[38][39]

Hancock Wind

The Hancock Wind project is a project developed by Novatus Energy which consists of 17 Vestas V117 3.0 MW turbines.[40] The project is located in Franklin Maine (44°45′53″N 68°07′14″W / 44.764733°N 68.120521°W / 44.764733; -68.120521 (Franklin, Maine)). Hancock Wind currently has the tallest onshore wind turbines in the United States.[41]

Bingham Wind Farm

The Bingham Wind Farm was developed by Novatus Energy and is located near Kingsbury Plantation, Maine (45°07′58″N 69°41′29″W / 45.132707°N 69.691472°W / 45.132707; -69.691472 (Franklin, Maine)) and consists of 56 Vestas V112 3.3 MW turbines.[42]

Pisgah Mountain

Pisgah Mountain wind farm is owned by Pisgah Mountain LLC and operates five Vestas V90-1.8 MW wind turbines in Clifton Maine (44°46′31″N 68°31′20″W / 44.775151°N 68.522281°W / 44.775151; -68.522281 (Clifton, Maine)). Seven local owners own 51% of Pisgah Mountain LLC and the remaining 49% is owned by SWEB Development USA a subsidiary of WEB Windenergie.[43]

Canton Mountain Wind Project

The Canton Mountain Wind Project consists of eight GE 2.85 megawatt wind turbines with 103 meter rotors on 85 meter towers. It was developed by Patriot Renewables, it is located in Canton Maine (44°31′02″N 70°18′09″W / 44.517242°N 70.302412°W / 44.517242; -70.302412), and went online in November, 2017.[44]

Offshore wind energy

Average wind speed at 90 meters along the coast of Maine.

Offshore wind energy represents Maine's largest untapped natural energy resource, rated at 156 GW.[45] The University of Maine Advanced Structures and Composites Center has led efforts to develop this resource with its patented floating wind turbine technology, VolturnUS.

In 2008, as a result of the Maine Ocean Energy Task Force, Maine established a renewable ocean energy goal, including the installation of 5 GW of offshore wind energy by 2030.[46]

North America’s first offshore wind turbine was deployed in 2013.[47] The VolturnUS is a floating concrete hull design that can support a wind turbine in waters 45 meters deep or more. In 2013 a 1:8th scale VolturnUS hull with a 65 feet (20 m) tall turbine was towed into Penobscot Bay near Castine, Maine where it was connected to the grid and tested for 18 months.[48] Following the successful deployment of the VolturnUS Maine Aqua Ventus 1, GP, LLC, is leading a demonstration project off Monhegan Island, ME called New England Aqua Ventus I using the same floating hull and turbine technology.[49]

Proposed wind projects

Electricity generation sources in Maine

New England Aqua Ventus I

New England Aqua Ventus I is an up to 12 MW floating offshore wind pilot project that will be anchored off Monhegan Island at the UMaine Deepwater Offshore Wind Test Site in Lincoln County. It will use a single 9.5 MW turbine mounted on the VolturnUS floating concrete hull. It is intended to demonstrate the potential for floating wind power on the New England coast.[45] Project participants include the Cianbro Corporation and the University of Maine.[45] In June 2019, Maine Governor Janet Mills signed into law LD 994, sponsored by state Sen. David Woodsome, directing the Maine Public Utilities Commission to approve a 20-year, long-term power purchase contract. That contract was unanimously approved by the Maine PUC on November 5, 2019, and signed by Central Maine Power (CMP) on December 20, 2019. New England Aqua Ventus I is anticipated to be the first commercial-scale floating wind project in the United States.

King Pine

The King Pine wind farm is planned to provide 1000 MW of power in Aroostook County. It is projected to begin construction in 2026 and will double Maine's wind power capacity, producing the equivalent of 27% of Maine's electric usage. Its developer Longwood Energy projects a cost of $2 billion. A new 345 kV tramission line will connect it to the ISO New England grid, and 40% of electricity will be purchased by utilities in Massachusetts.[50]

Wind projects

Spruce Mountain Wind Farm in the fall.
Maine Wind Turbines[51]
NameCapacity
(MW)		Number of TurbinesLocation
(county)		DeveloperCompleted
Mars Hill4228AroostookSunEdison2006
Beaver Ridge4.53WaldoPatriot Renewables2008
Stetson I5738WashingtonSunEdison2009
Fox Islands4.53KnoxFox Islands Electric Cooperative2009
University of Maine0.61AroostookUniversity of Maine2009
Kibby Mountain13244FranklinLS Power2010
Stetson II25.517WashingtonSunEdison2010
GSA.22SomersetGSA2010
Spruce Mountain2010OxfordPatriot Renewables2011
Rollins6040PenobscotSunEdison2011
Record Hill50.622OxfordIndependence Wind2012
Bull Hill34.219HancockSunEdison / Blue Sky East2012
Oakfield14848AroostookSunEdison2015
Saddleback Ridge34.212FranklinPatriot Renewables LLC2015
Passadumkeag Windpark42.913PenobscotQuantum Utility Generation2016
Hancock Wind5117Hancock CountyNovatus Energy2016
Bingham Wind Farm184.856Somerset & PiscataquisNovatus Energy2016
Pisgah Mountain95PenobscotPisgah Mountain LLC2016
Canton Mountain22.88OxfordPatriot Renewables LLC2017

Canceled proposals

Redington and Black Nubble

Public opinion for a proposed wind farm on Redington Mountain

In 2005, Maine Mountain Power (MMP) filed an application with the Maine Land Use Regulation Committee (LURC) for a permit to develop a 30-turbine wind farm on Mount Redington (45°1.50′N 70°23.32′W / 45.02500°N 70.38867°W / 45.02500; -70.38867 (Mount Redington)) and neighboring Black Nubble (45°1.92′N 70°26.83′W / 45.03200°N 70.44717°W / 45.03200; -70.44717 (Black Nubble)).[52] After years of contentious debate, the proposal was voted down by the LURC in 2007. The summit of Redington was seen as too ecologically sensitive — a sub-alpine fir habitat providing a home for two rare species, the bog lemming and Bicknell's thrush. Also, the development would have been visible for miles along the Appalachian Trail (AT).[53][54][55] A revised proposal, for 18 turbines only on Black Nubble, was put forward by MMP, supported by many environmental groups,[53][56] but still opposed by Maine Audubon.[57] The project was rejected by the LURC in 2008.[58]

Longfellow

First Wind proposed an installation on Black Mountain (44°35′02″N 70°38′15″W / 44.5840°N 70.6376°W / 44.5840; -70.6376 (Black Mountain)) in Rumford.

The Longfellow project would have 16 turbines that could produce 40 MW of electricity, enough to power about 17,000 homes in the Northeast. The power would be sold to the New England power grid. The wind turbines would have been built on the west side of the mountain, away from the Black Mountain ski area. The developer placed the project on hold due to the strength of wind gusts in the area.[59]

Hywind 2

In April 2012, Statoil, a Norwegian multinational oil and gas company, received state regulatory approval to build a large four-unit demonstration floating wind farm off the coast of Maine called Hywind 2.[60] Statoil proposed building a 4-tower, 12–15 MW wind farm developed by Statoil North America for placement 20 kilometres (12 mi) off the east coast of Maine in 140–158 metres (459–518 ft)-deep water of the Atlantic Ocean. Like the first Hywind installation off Norway, the proposed turbine foundation was spar buoy.[61][62] The State of Maine Public Utility Commission voted to approve the construction and fund the US$120 million project by adding approximately 75 cents/month to the average retail electricity consumer. Power would have been flowing into the grid no earlier than 2016.[62]

Statoil placed Hywind 2 on hold in July 2013 as a result of new legislation (LD 1472) by the State of Maine. The legislation required the Maine Public Utilities Commission to undertake a second round of bidding with a different set of ground rules; that led Statoil to suspend the project due to increased uncertainty and risk.[63] Statoil ultimately abandoned the Hywind 2 project in Maine and developed Hywind Scotland instead.[64]

Community debate

A statewide poll in Spring 2007 by the Pan Atlantic SMS Group showed that 85% of Maine people supported wind power development.[65]

A 2009 poll conducted by Portland-based Critical Insights shows that 90% of Maine people support the development of wind power as a source of electricity. Nearly nine in ten Mainers agree that "wind power can improve energy security and reduce Maine’s dependence on fossil fuels, and eight in ten agree that wind power will produce jobs and other forms of economic benefits".[65]

In a 2010 statewide telephone poll of 500 registered voters, 88 percent supported wind power in Maine. Calls to residents in seven rural counties, from Aroostook to Oxford, where most wind power projects are built or planned, showed 83 percent support. Survey results show that Maine residents strongly support wind power development, chiefly because it cuts dependence on fossil fuels and creates jobs. The survey was done by Portland-based Pan Atlantic SMS Group for the Maine Renewable Energy Association.[66]

Some community opposition has arisen, in the form of litigation against mountain wind farms and an ocean wind turbine proposal, as civic activism, and as development of municipal ordinances.[67][68][69][70]

Wind generation

Maine Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh)[71]
Year Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
200799 121086814141017
2008133 17121211977710141413
2009298 163127292320141821313830
2010500 384044334026312130705968
2011709 637671644036403941818573
2012779 10697848248555044619658104
20131,047 106891009873665670758713097
20141,098 121101120103666767468210612693
20151,295 1361141321139975625577129167136
20161,668 164157138128107117105113106144163226
20172,333 216248246181177159102134140209259262
20182,384 272223279192173149124101134248240249
20192,494 247275275255158148116108161203258290
20202,140 17920926426223812392136192197248254
20212,549 247211312248203191134106181180253283
20222,455 292274296285198171170117171196287285
2023765 243245277
Maine Wind Generation in 2018
Maine Wind Generation in 2017

See also

References

  1. ↑ EIA state profile
  2. 1 2 "WINDExchange: U.S. Installed and Potential Wind Power Capacity and Generation". windexchange.energy.gov.
  3. 1 2 Adams, Glenn (March 18, 2009). "Wind farm site in western Maine gets key equipment". Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
  4. ↑ "U.S. Energy Information Administration Detailed State Data". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  5. ↑ "AWEA 4th quarter 2016 Market Report, Public Version". American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). January 26, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  6. ↑ "US wind generation reached 5.5% of the grid in 2016". American Wind Energy Association. March 6, 2017. Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
  7. ↑ Writer, Kevin MillerStaff (24 January 2018). "LePage blocks new wind energy projects, creates secretive commission to study impacts". Press Herald. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  8. ↑ Acquisto, Alex (15 February 2019). "Janet Mills lifts LePage ban on new wind power permits in Maine". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
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  14. 1 2 3 CNBC (2014-11-17). "SunEdison, TerraForm to buy First Wind for $2.4B". CNBC. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
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  29. ↑ "Jackman Land Port of Entry" (PDF). General Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  30. ↑ "About the Spruce Mountain Wind Project". Patriot Renewables. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  31. ↑ Sambides, Nick Jr. (2008-08-15). "Lincoln Announces Wind Farm Hearing". Bangor Daily News. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  32. ↑ Pater, Joe. "Rollins Wind – The Lincoln Maine Wind Project". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
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  35. ↑ "Bull Hill Final Permit" (PDF). State of Maine. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  36. ↑ "Oakfield Wind Project". Power Technology. Kable Intelligence Ltd. Retrieved 2016-01-01.
  37. ↑ Electric Power Monthly,December 2015. U.S. Energy Information Administration
  38. ↑ "Passadumkeag". Quantum Utility Generation.
  39. ↑ "Vestas receives 40 MW order in U.S. state of Maine". Vestas. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  40. ↑ "Hancock Wind Project". Novatus Energy. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  41. ↑ Roberts, David (8 March 2018). "These huge new wind turbines are a marvel. They're also the future". Vox. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  42. ↑ "Bingham Wind Project". Novatus Energy. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  43. ↑ Ricker, Nok-Noi (March 14, 2016). "Clifton wind farm owners enter partnership with Canadian energy firm". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  44. ↑ "Canton Mountain Wind Project". Patriot Renewables. Archived from the original on May 21, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
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  46. ↑ Final Report of the Ocean Energy Task Force to Governor John E. Baldacci (PDF). State of Maine. 2009 – via University of Maine.
  47. ↑ "Maine Project Launches First Grid-Connected Offshore Wind Turbine in the U.S." Energy.gov.
  48. ↑ "University of Maine Advanced Structures and Composites Center". University of Maine | VolturnUS. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  49. ↑ "New England Aqua Ventus I". Maine Aqua Ventus. 14 March 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  50. ↑ "Maine PUC OKs 1-GW Longroad wind farm, LS Power transmission line amid equity and cost concerns". Utility Dive. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
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  52. ↑ "Get The Facts". Maine Mountain Power. 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  53. 1 2 Crowell, Alan (2007-07-11). "Black Nubble wind project supporters line up". Kennebec Journal. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  54. ↑ "Maine Mountain Power Redington Wind Farm Application for Development". Maine LURC. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  55. ↑ "Redington wind farm a step toward Maine's energy future". Portland Press Herald. 2006-07-29. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  56. ↑ "Support Builds for Black Nubble Wind Farm". Natural Resources Council of Maine. 2007-07-10. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  57. ↑ "Will you help Maine Audubon fight an uphill battle for wildlife-friendly wind power in Maine?". Maine Audubon. Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  58. ↑ "Wind project rulings issued: Panel OKs Kibby, rejects Black Nubble". Morning Sentinel. 2008-01-15. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  59. ↑ "Wind Energy Projects". albertfrick.com.
  60. ↑ Hampton, Stuart (30 April 2012). "Statoil to demonstrate floating offshore wind turbines in the US". Bizmology. Hoovers. Retrieved 2012-05-20. Statoil has secured the support of government officials in Maine to develop a demonstration wind park in the US with four full-scale offshore wind turbines.
  61. ↑ Fowler, Matthew; Bull, Diana; Goupee, Andrew. "A Comparison of Platform Options for Deep-water Floating Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: An Initial Study" (PDF). Sandia National Laboratory. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  62. 1 2 "Pioneering Maine wind project passes 'biggest hurdle'". Portland Press Herald. 2013-01-25. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  63. ↑ "USA: Statoil Freezes Hywind Maine Project". OffshoreWind.biz. 2013-07-05. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  64. ↑ Turkel, Tux (November 22, 2015). "Spurned in Maine, wind farm to float in Scotland". Portland Press Herald.
  65. 1 2 "Poll Shows Overwhelming Support for Wind Power". NRCM. November 13, 2009.
  66. ↑ Tux Turkel (June 29, 2010). "Mainers full of gusto for wind power, survey finds". Portland Press Herald.
  67. ↑ "Bangor News: Group renews legal challenge to Rollins Mountain Wind". Archived from the original on July 18, 2012.
  68. ↑ "monh_brief_mills_09071002a". www.penbay.org.
  69. ↑ "Friends of Ragged Mountain". Archived from the original on 2011-09-19. Retrieved 2010-10-08.
  70. ↑ "Dixmont Wind Ordinance". Archived from the original on 2010-11-07. Retrieved 2010-10-08.
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