White River State Park
Aerial panorama of White River State Park in 2017
Interactive map outlining the park's boundaries
TypeUrban park, state park
LocationIndianapolis, Indiana, U.S.
Coordinates39°46′00″N 86°10′11″W / 39.76667°N 86.16972°W / 39.76667; -86.16972
Area267 acres (108 ha)[1]
Created1979 (1979)
Owned byState of Indiana
Operated byWhite River State Park Development Commission
Visitors2.8 million[lower-alpha 1]
OpenDaily, 5 a.m. to 11 p.m.
StatusOpen all year
Public transit accessLocal Transit IndyGo 8
Bike transport Indiana Pacers Bikeshare
Websitewww.whiteriverstatepark.org

White River State Park is an urban park in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. Situated along the eastern and western banks of its namesake White River, the park covers 267 acres (108 ha).[1] The park is home to numerous attractions, including the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art, the Indiana State Museum, the Indianapolis Zoo, the NCAA Hall of Champions, Victory Field, Everwise Amphitheater, and White River Gardens.

The park and accompanying Indianapolis Canal Walk comprise one of seven designated cultural districts.[3]

History

Initial plans for the park were conceived by civic leaders in the late 1970s to capitalize on the city's amateur sports economic development strategy.[1] Bipartisan support from state legislators and seed money from corporate partners led to the organization of a quasi-governmental commission to oversee the park's planning and operations.[1] Construction began in the 1980s with the acquisition and clearing of blighted industrial properties and the realignment of Washington Street for redevelopment.[4]

Restoration of this area began in the late 1980s when public attention fell on the Indiana Central Canal. The canal was originally engineered in the 1830s as a way to ship goods through the state of Indiana, but the project, as governed by the Indiana Mammoth Internal Improvement Act, went bankrupt and the Indianapolis section of the canal was the only section that was ever dug. Although the canal was never used for its intended purpose, recent restoration and redevelopment have allowed the area to function as a cultural center within the city.

In 1980, architect César Pelli's Indiana Tower was proposed as the park's focal point; however, the 750-foot (229 m) observation tower was never constructed due to funding concerns and public criticism of the tower's design.[5] Since, several proposed attractions have been considered, including an Indiana African American History Museum,[6] seasonal ice skating rink,[7] tethered balloon ride,[8] amusement park,[9] and public beach.[10]

From 1983 until 1994, the park co-sponsored the White River Park State Games alongside the Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sport. The games were intended to promote a healthy lifestyle and encourage Hoosier athletes to participate in sports.[11]

A number of existing buildings on the site of the park were demolished. Among them was the Oscar McCulloch School Number 5, which was built at the corner of Washington and California streets in 1920. The park commission had earlier agreed to repurpose the building, but because it stood on the proposed site for the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art and the Indiana State Museum, the park commissioners voted on at 2:00 pm on August 14, 1985, to raze the school. The demolition began two hours later, and the demolition crew later said that they had been instructed to work through the night to remove as much of the school building by the next morning. The Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana obtained an injunction to stop the demolition, citing the presence of asbestos. Sidney Weedman, the commission's executive director, explained that the commissioners feared that groups wanting to preserve the school would tie the issue up in court for several years, preventing progress on the park. The commission was fined $2,000 for the improper asbestos removal and agreed to preserve the front façade with its terracotta design work for use in the new state museum. Although some wanted the façade to be placed on the exterior of the museum, it was ultimately decided to erect it inside the Grand Hall, where it serves as the entrance to the education center.[12]

On September 11, 1992, a plane carrying four prominent community leaders—park executive director Robert V. Welch, Frank McKinney, John Weliever, and Michael Carroll—collided with a private plane on its way to Columbus, Ohio. All four men were instrumental in the park's development. A memorial honoring their memory was placed in the park near the Old Washington Street Bridge.[13]

In December 2020, officials announced that the park's footprint would expand by 10 acres (4.0 ha) as part of a $100 million public-private partnership between the State of Indiana, City of Indianapolis, and Elanco to redevelop the neighboring General Motors site to the south.[14] The new parkland will hug the west riverbank and incorporate a portion of the former plant's preserved crane bay, designed by industrial architect Albert Kahn.[14][15]

Ownership and operations

White River State Park is owned by the State of Indiana under the auspices of the White River State Park Development Commission, a quasi-governmental board composed of ten commissioners. The commission is charged with overseeing park maintenance, marketing, operations, and future development. The commission was created in 1979 by the Indiana General Assembly to distinguish the park from those managed by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources.[9]

Attractions

2002 – Opened
  • IMAX 3D Theatre[16] - The largest screen in the state of Indiana [17]
1996 – Opened as Indiana's only IMAX theatre and still the largest IMAX theatre in Indiana
1996 – Opened as home of the Indianapolis Indians
1989 – Opened as the park's second attraction
2005 – Opened expanded gallery space, education facility, performance/special event areas, and indoor/outdoor dining restaurant doubled the museum's size
1999–2000 – Relocated to Indianapolis from Kansas City
1988 – Established as park's first attraction
  • White River State Park Concert Series[18] and Everwise Amphitheater
2004 – Opened inaugural summer concert season at a temporary concert venue, the 7,500-seat "Farm Bureau Insurance Lawn"[19]
2007 – Doubled concert attendance with 50,000+ spectators, included 11 shows
2018 - Plans to replace temporary structure announced by White River State Park Development Commission[20]
2019 - Construction begun on $27 million "TCU Amphitheater at White River State Park", with 3,000 permanent seats and a general admission lawn area for 4,500[21][22]
2021 - Construction of TCU (now Everwise) Amphitheater completed[23][24]
  • White River State Park Visitors' Center (Dr. Frank P. Lloyd Sr. Visitors Center)[25]
2003 – Opened
1999 – Opened
  • Historic Washington Street Pedestrian Bridge
1916 – Opened as part of the National Road[26]
1994 – Repurposed as a pedestrian bridge to connect the park's greenspaces to the White River Gardens at the Indianapolis Zoo[27]
1999 – Art Sculptures in the Park began on the bridge[28]
1999–2000 – Relocated to Indianapolis from Kansas City
1999 – Opened
2001 – recognized in Landscape Architecture Magazine [30]
1822 – Site of Indianapolis's first documented 4th of July celebration
1852 – Site of first Indiana State Fair
1861 – Civil War encampment until 1865[31]
1870 – Opened as the original water pumping station for the city of Indianapolis
1969 – Pumping station closed
1980 – Accepted for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places
1981 – Reopened as the park's headquarters and visitors' center after renovations.
  • Wheel Fun Rentals [33]
  • Indiana Cross Country Arena (at the Urban Wilderness Trail)
2007 – White River State Park partners with the Indiana Invaders, Indy Greenways, Indianapolis Parks, the National Institute for Fitness & Sport (NIFS), local and international businesses, and community partners to revitalize the floodplain green space along the White River for education, health, and recreation opportunities.
2008 – Opened unofficially in August with nine meets and invitationals
2008 – Middle school (National Middle School Championships), high school (City of Indianapolis Championships), and youth (Indiana USA Track and Field Junior Olympics) teams compete
2010 – Anticipated official inaugural season in late summer
2022 – Received Lily Endowment to pave half a mile of new trail[34]

Trails

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Visitation in 2022 was reported as the combined attendance of the park's individual attractions, including the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art, the Indiana State Museum and IMAX Theater, the Indianapolis Zoo, the NCAA Hall of Champions, TCU Amphitheater, and Victory Field.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Bodenhamer, David; Barrows, Robert, eds. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 1427–1428.
  2. ↑ Lindquist, Dave (February 17, 2023). "Rebounding visitor stats generate optimism in hospitality industry". Indianapolis Business Journal. IBJ Media. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  3. ↑ "Cultural Districts". Indianapolis Cultural Trail. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  4. ↑ "Washington Rerouting To Begin". The Indianapolis News. April 27, 1984. p. 19. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  5. ↑ Mitchell, Dawn (January 26, 2018). "Indiana Tower: The 750-foot spire that never was". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  6. ↑ Whitson, Jennifer (May 12, 2008). "Black history museum loses site, may land on Indiana Ave". Indianapolis Business Journal. IBJ Media. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  7. ↑ Schouten, Cory (January 8, 2007). "Downtown ice rink in the works". Indianapolis Business Journal. IBJ Media. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  8. ↑ "White River park passes on balloon". Indianapolis Business Journal. IBJ Media. June 8, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  9. 1 2 Knight, Jerold; Blair, Lyndsey D. (2021) [1994]. "White River State Park". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  10. ↑ Schoettle, Anthony (January 29, 2016). "Could the White River get a beach downtown? Maybe, says Visit Indy". Indianapolis Business Journal. IBJ Media. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  11. ↑ "White River Park State Games - indyencyclopedia.org". Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  12. ↑ Fujawa, Edward (2023). Vanished Indianapolis. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. pp. 21–27. ISBN 978-1-4671-5469-7.
  13. ↑ "History". White River State Park. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  14. 1 2 Shuey, Mickey (December 4, 2020). "Elanco HQ expected to anchor new development, park expansion on former GM site". Indianapolis Business Journal. IBJ Media. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  15. ↑ Burris, Alexandria (September 9, 2019). "GM stamping plant redeveloper hosts design contest to bring 'new ideas' to Indianapolis". The Indianapolis Star. Gannett Co. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  16. ↑ "IMAX Theatre at Indiana State Museum - Indianapolis - Movie Tickets Showtimes". www.imax.com.
  17. ↑
  18. ↑ "Farm Bureau Insurance Lawn at White River State Park". White River State Park. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  19. ↑ Erdody, Lindsay (September 27, 2018). "State plans $27M permanent concert venue at White River State Park". Indianapolis Business Journal. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  20. ↑ Lindquist, David (October 17, 2018). "How upgrades at The Lawn at White River State Park could help attract more concerts". The Indianapolis Star. Gannett Co., Inc. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  21. ↑ Lindquist, David (December 3, 2019). "First concert announced for new-look Amphitheater at White River State Park". The Indianapolis Star. Gannett Co., Inc. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  22. ↑ Lindquist, David (October 16, 2019). "White River State Park: Here's what the permanent concert stage, fixed seating looks like". The Indianapolis Star. Gannett Co., Inc. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  23. ↑
  24. ↑ "Plans Made for Entertainment at White River State Park". Times-Union. November 20, 2003. pp. 31–32. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  25. ↑ "Map of Park". White River State Park. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  26. ↑ "Old Washington Street Bridge". White River State Park. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  27. ↑ "Old Washington Street Bridge". Discover White River. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  28. ↑ "Sculpture in the Park". White River State Park. Archived from the original on March 7, 2005. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  29. ↑ "The Congressional Medal of Honor Memorial". IPL. Archived from the original on March 14, 2006. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  30. ↑ Bressi, Todd W. (November 2001). "2001 ASLA Awards". Landscape Architecture Magazine. 91 (11): 70. JSTOR 44671097 – via JSTOR.
  31. ↑ "From training grounds to festivals: A look at Military Park's history". News at IU. November 6, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  32. ↑ "Pumphouse History". White River State Park. Archived from the original on October 15, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  33. ↑
  34. ↑ Dwyer, Kayla (April 26, 2022). "$25M Lilly Endowment grant to fund trails, bike lanes in Indy's under-served communities". Indianapolis Star. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  35. 1 2 3 "Urban Wilderness Trail". Discover White River. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  36. ↑ "River Promenade at White River State Park | Indianapolis, IN". www.visitindy.com. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  37. ↑ "Canal Walk | Indianapolis, IN". www.visitindy.com. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  38. ↑ "History". White River State Park. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
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