Republican Governance Group | |
---|---|
Chair | David Joyce |
Founded | 1995 |
Preceded by | Wednesday Group (1961–2001)[1] Tuesday Lunch Bunch (1995–1997)[2] Tuesday Group (1997–2020) |
Ideology | Centrism[3][4] |
Political position | Center[3] to center-right[5] |
National affiliation | Republican Party |
Seats in House Republican Conference | 42 / 222 |
Seats in the House | 42 / 435 |
Website | |
Campaign website | |
The Republican Governance Group, originally the Tuesday Lunch Bunch and then the Tuesday Group until 2020, is a group of moderate Republicans in the United States House of Representatives.[6] It was founded in 1994 in the wake of the Republican takeover of the House; the Republican House caucus came to be dominated by conservatives.[7] It is considered a center[3][4][8] to center-right congressional caucus, with its members primarily from competitive House districts.[7][9]
In 2007, the Tuesday Group founded its own political action committee.[10] The name of the PAC was "Tuesday Group Political Action Committee" but has since changed to "Republican Governance Group/Tuesday Group Political Action Committee". It is based in Tampa, Florida.[11]
Another major group of Republican moderates in Congress was the Republican Main Street Caucus, which existed briefly from 2017 to 2019.
Wednesday Group
Members of its predecessor, the Wednesday Group, first founded in the House between 1961 and 1963 and then in the Senate around 1969.[12][13][14]
Wednesday Group membership
- George Aiken (VT)[15]
- John Anderson (IL)[16]
- Mark Andrews (ND)[17]
- Glenn Beall (MD)[18]
- Alphonzo Bell (CA)[13]
- Doug Bereuter (NE)[19]
- Edward Biester (PA)[20]
- Caleb Boggs (DE)[18]
- Edward Brooke (MA)[14][21]
- Caldwell Butler (VA) – House chair[22]
- William Cahill (NJ)[23]
- Clifford Case (NJ)[14]
- John Chafee (RI)[14]
- Lincoln Chafee (RI)[24]
- Rod Chandler (WA)[25]
- Dick Cheney (WY)[16]
- Bill Clinger (PA) – House chair (1981–1987/1991)[12]
- Thad Cochran (MS)[17]
- Marlow Cook (KY) – Senate founding chair[14]
- John Cooper (KY)[18]
- Bill Cohen (ME)[14]
- Barber Conable (NY)[16]
- Sil Conte (MA)[13]
- Larry Coughlin (PA)[26]
- Jim Coyne (PA)[26]
- Tom Curtis (MO)[27]
- Jack Danforth (MO)[21]
- Tom Delay (TX)[25]
- John Dellenback (OR)[23]
- Robert Ellsworth (KS)[13]
- Marvin Esch (MI)[28]
- Paul Findley (IL)[23]
- Hamilton Fish IV (NY)[19]
- Peter Frelinghuysen (NJ)[13]
- Bill Frenzel (MN)[17]
- Charles Goodell (NY)[13]
- Slade Gorton (WA)[14]
- Bill Gradison (OH) – House chair (1991–1993)[12][29][30]
- Fred Grandy (IA)[25]
- Bill Green (NY)[16]
- Gil Gude (MD)[20]
- Orval Hansen (ID)[20]
- James Harvey (IL)[23]
- Mark Hatfield (OR)[17]
- Margaret Heckler (MA)[17]
- John Heinz (PA)[14]
- Paul Henry (MI)[25]
- Bud Hillis (IN)[19]
- Dave Hobson (OH)[25]
- Amo Houghton (NY)[25]
- Andy Ireland (FL)[25]
- Jack Javits (NY)[17]
- Jim Jeffords (VT)[19]
- Nancy Johnson (CT)[19]
- Nancy Kassebaum (KS)[14]
- Jim Kolbe (AZ) – House chair (1993–2001)[25][1]
- Jim Leach (IA)[16]
- John Lindsay (NY)[12]
- Bob Livingston (LA)[26]
- William Mailliard (CA)[23]
- Richard Mallary (VT)[20]
- Lynn Martin (IL)[19]
- Mac Mathias (MD)[13]
- Joe McDade (PA)[19]
- Jock McKernan (ME)[19]
- Stew McKinney (CT)[12]
- Pete McCloskey (CA)[17]
- Chester Mize (KS)[23]
- Sid Morrison (WA)[19]
- Brad Morse (CA) – House founding chair (1961–1972)[13][18]
- Charles Mosher (OH)[23]
- Bob Packwood (OR)[17]
- James Pearson (KS)[21]
- Charles Percy (IL)[14]
- Tom Petri (WI)[26]
- Joel Pritchard (WA) – House chair (1977–1980)[17][31][32]
- Carl Pursell (MI)[25]
- Al Quie (MN)[23]
- Jim Ramstad (MN)[25]
- Ralph Regula (OH)[17]
- Tom Railsback (IL)[33]
- Ogden Reid (NY)[13]
- Tom Ridge (PA)[19]
- Howard W. Robison (NY)[23]
- Marge Roukema (NJ)[19]
- Ronald Sarasin (CT)[34]
- Hal Sawyer (MI)[26]
- Bill Saxbe (OH)[18]
- Herman Schneebeli (PA)[13]
- Richard Schweiker (PA)[17]
- Fred Schwengel (IA)[23]
- Hugh Scott (PA)[15]
- Clay Shaw (FL)[19]
- Garner Shriver (KS)[23]
- Abner Sibal (CT)[13]
- Lamar Smith (TX)[25]
- Peter Smith (VT)[35][36]
- Olympia Snowe (ME)[15][19][24]
- Arlen Specter (PA)[14][24]
- Bob Stafford (VT)[13]
- William Stanton (OH)[23]
- Alan Steelman (TX)[34]
- Ted Stevens (AK)[21]
- Robert Taft (OH)[23]
- Bill Thomas (CA)[37]
- Craig Thomas (WY)[25]
- Charley Thone (NE)[17]
- Stan Tupper (ME)[38]
- Fred Upton (MI)[25]
- Vin Weber (MN) – House chair (1991–1992)[30][29]
- Lowell Weicker (CT)[14]
- Chuck Whalen (OH)[23]
- Bill Whitehurst (VA)[19]
Membership
The Republican Governance Group and its predecessors have never published its membership lists. Those who are known members are sourced below. Of the known members, most but not all are from competitive House districts.
Leadership
Term start | Term end | Chair(s) | Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 2005 | [39][7][40][41] | |||
2005 | 2007 | N/A |
[7] | ||
2007 | 2010 | [7][42] | |||
2010 | 2011 | [43] | |||
2011 | 2013 | N/A | |||
2013 | 2015 | [44] | |||
2015 | 2017 | [6] | |||
2017 | 2019 | [45][46] | |||
[47] | |||||
2019 | 2021 | [48] | |||
2021 | 2022 | N/A |
N/A |
[49] | |
2022 | present | [50] |
Current members
- Juan Ciscomani (AZ-6) [51]
- Steve Womack (AR-3) [51]
- David Valadao (CA-22)[52]
- Jay Obernolte (CA-23)[51]
- Young Kim (CA-40)[51]
- Mario Díaz-Balart (FL-26)[53]
- María Elvira Salazar (FL-27)[51]
- Carlos A. Giménez (FL-28)[51]
- Mariannette Miller-Meeks (IA-1)[51]
- Pete Stauber (MN-8)[51]
- Kelly Armstrong (ND-AL)[51]
- Jeff Van Drew (NJ-2)[55]
- Chris Smith (NJ-4)[51]
- Tom Kean Jr. (NJ-7) [51]
- Nick LaLota (NY-1) [51]
- Andrew Garbarino (NY-2)[56]
- Anthony D'Esposito (NY-4) [51]
- Nicole Malliotakis (NY-11)[51]
- Mike Lawler (NY-17) [51]
- Marc Molinaro (NY-19) [51]
- Elise Stefanik (NY-21)[47]
- Mark Amodei (NV-2)[51]
- Bill Johnson (OH-6)[57][54]
- Mike Turner (OH-10)[58]
- Troy Balderson (OH-12)[53]
- Dave Joyce (OH-14)[54]
- Cliff Bentz (OR-2)[51]
- Lori Chavez-DeRemer (OR-5) [51]
- Jenniffer González (PR-AL)[51]
- Brian Fitzpatrick (PA-1)[59]
- Glenn Thompson (PA-15)[60]
- Nancy Mace (SC-1)[51]
- Morgan Luttrell (TX-8) [51]
- Mike McCaul (TX-10)[53]
- Beth Van Duyne (TX-24)[51]
- Michael C. Burgess (TX-26)[54]
- Blake Moore (UT-1)[51]
- John Curtis (UT-3)[51]
- Bryan Steil (WI-1)[51]
- Mike Gallagher (WI-8)[51]
Former members
- Roscoe Bartlett (MD)[61]
- Charlie Bass (NH)[10]
- Judy Biggert (IL)[62]
- Sherwood Boehlert (NY)[10]
- Mary Bono (CA)[62]
- Jeb Bradley (NH)[63]
- Susan Brooks (IN)[64]
- Ginny Brown-Waite (FL)[65]
- Tom Campbell (CA)[2]
- Eric Cantor (VA)[66]
- Joseph Cao (LA)[67]
- Mike Castle (DE)[10]
- Chris Collins (NY)[68]
- Mike Coffman (CO)[69]
- Carlos Curbelo (FL)[69]
- Barbara Comstock (VA)[69]
- Paul Cook (CA)[54]
- Ryan Costello (PA)[70]
- Tom Davis (VA)[71]
- Jeff Denham (CA)[54]
- Charlie Dent (PA)[72]
- Charles Djou (HI)[67]
- Bob Dold (IL)[7][42]
- Dan Donovan (NY)[73]
- Sean Duffy (WI)[54]
- Vern Ehlers (MI)[40]
- Renee Ellmers (NC)[74]
- Phil English (PA)[75]
- John Faso (NY)[69]
- Mike Fitzpatrick (PA)[10]
- Mark Foley (FL)[61]
- Rodney Frelinghuysen (NJ)[76]
- Jim Gerlach (PA)[10]
- Chris Gibson (NY)[62]
- Wayne Gilchrest (MD)[77]
- Paul Gillmor (OH)[78]
- James C. Greenwood (PA)[79]
- Fred Grandy (IA)[80]
- Michael Grimm (NY)[62]
- Steve Gunderson (WI)[80]
- Gil Gutknecht (MN)[81]
- Richard Hanna (NY)[62]
- Nan Hayworth (NY)[62]
- Dave Hobson (OH)[78]
- Amo Houghton (NY)[82]
- Lynn Jenkins (KS)[54]
- Nancy Johnson (CT)[10]
- Tim Johnson (IL)[62]
- David Jolly (FL)[83]
- Ric Keller (FL)[78]
- Sue Kelly (NY)[82]
- Pete King (NY)[54]
- Mark Kirk (IL)[10]
- Jim Kolbe (AZ)[77]
- Randy Kuhl (NY)[78]
- Ray LaHood (IL)[82]
- Leonard Lance (NJ)[73]
- Steve LaTourette (OH)[84]
- Rick Lazio (NY)[80]
- Jim Leach (IA)[10]
- Chris Lee (NY)[67]
- Frank LoBiondo (NJ)[85]
- Tom MacArthur (NJ)[45]
- John McKernan (ME)
- Thad McCotter (TX)[84]
- Martha McSally (AZ)[54]
- Pat Meehan (PA)[73]
- Candice Miller (MI)[84]
- Shelley Moore Capito (WV)[62]
- Connie Morella (MD)[86][87]
- Tim Murphy (PA)[54]
- Erik Paulsen (MN)[62]
- Tom Petri (WI)[62]
- Bruce Poliquin (ME)[88]
- Jon Porter (NV)[81]
- Deborah Pryce (OH)[61]
- Jack Quinn (NY)[79]
- Todd Platts (PA)[82]
- Jim Ramstad (MN)[71]
- Ralph Regula (OH)[78]
- Dave Reichert (WA)[89]
- Jim Renacci (OH)[62]
- Tom Rooney (FL)[54]
- Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (FL)[73]
- Marge Roukema (NJ)[86]
- Jon Runyan (NJ)[58]
- Jim Saxton (NJ)[81]
- Bobby Schilling (IL)[58]
- Aaron Schock (IL)[58]
- Joe Schwarz (MI)[10]
- Chris Shays (CT)[90]
- Rob Simmons (CT)[82]
- Steve Stivers (OH)[54]
- Lee Terry (NE)[84]
- Pat Tiberi (OH)[58]
- Dave Trott (MI)[89]
- Greg Walden (OR)[91]
- James Walsh (NY)[10]
- Jerry Weller (IL)[81]
- Ed Whitfield (KY)[62]
- Heather Wilson (NM)[10]
See also
References
- 1 2 Richardson, Sula P. (August 20, 1999). "Informal Congressional Groups and Member Organizations, 106th Congress: An Informational Directory" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 Rae, Nicol C. (1999). New Majority or Old Minority?: The Impact of Republicans on Congress. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780847691692.
- 1 2 3 "Three Minor Parties Merge Ahead of April Elections". The Hill. November 7, 2007.
Rep. Mike Castle (R-Del.), a longtime member and former co-chairman of the Tuesday Group, said lawmakers launched the PAC to help vulnerable centrists as well as liberal-leaning Republicans running for open congressional seats.
- 1 2 Sullivan, Peter (March 30, 2017). "Centrist Group in House 'Will Never' Meet with Freedom Caucus". The Hill. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
- ↑ Kapur, Sahil (July 18, 2023). "Centrist Republicans warn far-right tactics could backfire in funding fight". NBC News. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- 1 2 House, Billy (January 9, 2015). "'Moderate' Is Now a Dirty Word for Some House Republicans". Bloomberg News. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Zwick, Jesse (January 29, 2011). "Does the GOP's Tuesday Group Still Matter?". The New Republic. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ Bade, Rachael; Cheney, Kyle (May 3, 2017). "Tuesday Group Leader under Fire over Health Care Deal". Politico. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
- ↑ Dumain, Emma (December 10, 2015). "Tuesday Group Wins Big on Steering Committee". Roll Call.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bolton, Alexander (July 11, 2007). "Centrist House Republicans Establish Tuesday Group PAC". The Hill. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ "Republican Governance Group PAC Profile" OpenSecrets.org
- 1 2 3 4 5 "There's Still Life on the G.O.P. Left". The New York Times. August 23, 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kabaservice, Geoffrey (January 4, 2012). Rule and Ruin: The Downfall of Moderation and the Destruction of the Republican Party, From Eisenhower to the Tea Party. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-976840-0.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bailey, Christoper J. (1988). The Republican Party in the U. S. Senate, 1974–1984: Party Change and Institutional Development. Manchester University Press. p. 66. ISBN 9780719027994.
- 1 2 3 Roberts, Steven V. (August 19, 1984). "G.O.P. Party Machinery Turns Right". The New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Cheney, Dick; Cheney, Liz (2011). In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir. 2011. p. 128. ISBN 9781439176221.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Ford Meetings with the Wednesday Group" (PDF). Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. September 2, 1976.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Wednesday Group Acts on Crime" (PDF). The Ripon Forum. April 15, 1972. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Improving Child Care Services: What Can Be Done?". United States House Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. September 6, 1984. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 "Arms Control and Disarmament Act Amendments". United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs. March 7, 1974. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 Burks, Edward C. (June 12, 1977). "Letter from Washington". The New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ Thornton, Mary (November 12, 1981). "Shifts Eyed for Rights Enforcers". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Gappert, Gary (1969). "An Africanists' Guide to the 91st Congress" (PDF). American Committee on Africa. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 Cloud, John; Waller, Douglas (November 20, 2000). "The Mods' Squad". CNN. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 U.S. Economy, and Proposals to Provide Middle-Income Tax Relief, Tax Equity and Fairness, Economic Stimulus and Growth. United States House Committee on Ways and Means. February 6, 1992. ISBN 9780160393822. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "The Defense Program and the Economy". United States Congressional Joint Economic Committee Subcommittee on Economic Goals and Intergovernmental Policy. October 21, 1981. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ Worsencroft, John C. (August 2017). "A Family Affair: Military Service in the Postwar Era" (PDF). Temple University. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ "Marvin Leonel Esch". The Ann Arbor News. June 24, 2010. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- 1 2 Taylor, Paul (October 23, 1991). "From GOP, a New Look at Poverty". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- 1 2 Haskins, Ron (March 2007). Work over Welfare: The Inside Story of the 1996 Welfare Reform Law. Brookings Institution. ISBN 9780815735090. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ "Ripon Residents Overcome Elements to Have Successful 125th GOP Anniversary" (PDF). The Ripon Forum. May 1979. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ Kilgannon, Anne (2000). "Joel M. Pritchard: An Oral History" (PDF). Secretary of State of Washington. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ Butler, M. Caldwell (June 26, 1975). "Fragile Coalition Interviews - Hamilton Fish Jr". Washington and Lee University School of Law. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 Apple Jr., R. W. (November 7, 1974). "National Vote Pattern: A Sweep If Not a G.O.P. Debacle". The New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ "Peter P. Smith (1945–) Congressional Papers, 1988-1991" (PDF). Vermont History. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ Smith, Peter. "Peter Smith". LinkedIn. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ Michael, W. H. (1993). Official Congressional Directory: Volume 103. United States Congress. ISBN 9780160411762.
- ↑ Nicoll, Don; Chavira, Rob; O'Brien, Stuart (July 20, 1998). "Tupper, Stanley Oral History Interview". Edmund S. Muskie Oral History Collection. Bates College. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ Greenberger, Scott S. (June 11, 1995). "On Tuesday It's Pizza for Some Republicans". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- 1 2 Weeks, George (December 24, 1996). "Moderates Flex Muscles". Ironwood Daily Globe. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ Pershing, Ben (April 8, 2003). "House Republican Moderates Hire Staffer". Roll Call. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- 1 2 Clift, Eleanor (July 28, 2011). "GOP's Tuesday Group Loses Clout, Remains Last Refuge for Conservatives". The Daily Beast. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ Kucinich, Jackie (June 15, 2010). "Emerson Voted Third Co-Chair of Tuesday Group". Roll Call. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ "We Consider Ourselves the Governance Wing of the Republican Party". Ripon Society. July 2, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 Jennings, Katie (May 23, 2017). "MacArthur Resigns as Co-Chairman of 'Clearly Divided' Tuesday Group". Politico.
- ↑ Latimer, John (January 12, 2017). "Congressman Charlie Dent Retains Committee Leadership Posts". Lebanon Daily News. WITF.
- 1 2 Weiner, Mark (November 10, 2017). "Rep. John Katko Elected Co-Chair of Moderate House Republican Group". The Post-Standard. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ "Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) – 116th Congress" (PDF). United States House Committee on House Administration. December 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ Weiner, Mark (February 12, 2021). "John Katko: GOP Is Bigger Than Trump, Must Embrace Other Views to Survive". The Post-Standard. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ "David Joyce elected new chair of Republican Governance Group". 27 July 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 "RMSP Congressional Members". Republican Main Street Partnership. January 12, 2023.
- ↑ Dent, Charlie (January 14, 2021). "Impeachment Fractured the GOP". CNN. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- 1 2 3 Kinzinger, Adam (3 February 2021). "Kinzinger, Republican Governance Group Members Call on President Biden to Reject Partisan Efforts and Advance Bipartisan COVID Relief". Illinois's 16th congressional district. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Soffen, Kim; Cameron, Darla; Uhrmacher, Kevin (May 4, 2017). "How the House Voted to Pass the GOP Health-Care Bill". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ Brunetti, Michelle (December 14, 2019). "How Much Will Van Drew's Voting Change with His Party Switch?". The Press of Atlantic City.
He's also joining a group of moderate GOP members called the Tuesday Group
- ↑ Saksa, Jim (September 21, 2021). "Take Five: Andrew Garbarino". Roll Call. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ↑ "Congressional Tuesday Group". LegiStorm. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Reception for Tuesday Group PAC". Tuesday Group PAC. February 2, 2012.
- ↑ McPherson, Lindsey (January 13, 2017). "Mixed Bag of Republicans Vote against Obamacare Repeal Vehicle". Roll Call. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ↑ Olson, Laura (March 20, 2017). "Charlie Dent, 'Tuesday Group' Head to White House". The Morning Call.
- 1 2 3 Kucinich, Jackie (January 13, 2009). "Moderates Are Down, Not Out". Roll Call. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Reception for Tuesday Group PAC". Tuesday Group PAC. June 14, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ "Guest Opinion: A Modest Republican Manifesto". New Hampshire Business Review. December 24, 2004. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ "Tuesday Group Wins Big on Steering Committee". Roll Call. December 10, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ↑ Woodruff, Judy (January 28, 2010). "Obama's Appeal for Bipartisanship Garners a Mixed Response". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ "Republican Governance Group PAC Contributions to Federal Candidates – 2014". OpenSecrets. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
- 1 2 3 "Republican Governance Group PAC Contributions to Federal Candidates – 2010". OpenSecrets. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
- ↑ Cadei, Emily (April 5, 2017). "Revenge of the Republican Moderates". Newsweek. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 McPherson, Lindsey (November 7, 2018). "Here's All the House Republicans That Voters Sent Home". Roll Call. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ↑ Packer, George (November 12, 2018). "The Demise of the Moderate Republican". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- 1 2 Murray, Shailagh; Weisman, Jonathan (May 10, 2007). "Bush Told War Is Harming the GOP". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ↑ Wofford, Ben (July 28, 2017). "Charlie Dent's War". Politico. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 Bowman, Bridget; Pathé, Simone (May 4, 2017). "Meet the Republicans Who Voted 'No' on the Health Care Bill". Roll Call. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ↑ "Republican Governance Group PAC Contributions to Federal Candidates – 2016". OpenSecrets. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
- ↑ Novak, Robert (May 20, 2007). "More Gonzales Grief". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ Cillizza, Chris (January 29, 2018). "The Governing Wing of the Republican Party Is Nearing Extinction". CNN. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- 1 2 "Passionate Gilchrest Follows His Own Path". The Baltimore Sun. September 18, 2000. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Republican Governance Group PAC Contributions to Federal Candidates – 2008". OpenSecrets. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
- 1 2 Scott Tyson, Ann (April 13, 2000). "In House, Driver's Seat Is in Middle of Road". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- 1 2 3 Burr, Chandler (October 16, 1994). "Antipolitics '94; Congressman®, Wisconsin. Fiscal Conservative. Social Moderate. Gay". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 Whittington, Lauren W. (September 19, 2007). "More GOP Moderates Looking for Exit". Roll Call. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Turner, Douglas (March 15, 2003). "Houghton Leads Revolt on Tax Cut". The Buffalo News. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ Marcos, Christina (April 24, 2017). "Meet the Centrist Trying to Strike a Deal on Healthcare". The Hill. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 Hoopper, Molly K. (February 16, 2011). "GOP Centrist Reaches Out to Dems to Back Alternative Spending Bill". The Hill. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ Schneider, Elena (November 7, 2017). "LoBiondo to retire from Congress". Politico. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- 1 2 "An Incumbent on Top of the Republicans' List of Endangered Species". The New York Times. September 29, 2002. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ Weiss, Joanna (August 28, 2021). "Scott Brown and the Near-Extinct GOP Moderate". The Boston Globe. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ↑ Ellis, Collin (April 5, 2017). "Maine Rep. Poliquin Was among 8 Republicans at White House for Health Bill Talks". Kennebec Journal. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- 1 2 Wong, Scott (September 12, 2017). "Leader's Exit Fuels Worry for Centrist Republicans". The Hill. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ↑ Solomon, Deborah (May 8, 2005). "It's Their Party". The New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
- ↑ Brady, Jessica (January 31, 2011). "House GOP Moderates Not Making Demands". Roll Call. Retrieved March 25, 2021.