Mount Morgan
Queensland
Old Technical College
Mount Morgan Cemetery
School of Arts
Mount Morgan Railway Station
From left to right;
Old Technical College, Mount Morgan Cemetery
Mount Morgan School of Arts, Mount Morgan railway station
Mount Morgan is located in Queensland
Mount Morgan
Mount Morgan
Coordinates23°38′39″S 150°23′23″E / 23.6441°S 150.3897°E / -23.6441; 150.3897 (Mount Morgan (town centre))
Population2,487 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density205.5/km2 (532.3/sq mi)
Established1882
Postcode(s)4714
Elevation341 m (1,119 ft)
Area12.1 km2 (4.7 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)Rockhampton Region
State electorate(s)Mirani
Federal division(s)Flynn
Localities around Mount Morgan:
Walterhall Baree
Leydens Hill		 Johnsons Hill
The Mine Mount Morgan Struck Oil
Boulder Creek Horse Creek Limestone

Mount Morgan is a rural town and locality in the Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia.[2][3] In the 2021 census the town of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,487 people.[1]

The town was the administrative centre of the Mount Morgan Shire until March 2008, when it was amalgamated with neighbouring local government areas to form the Rockhampton Region.

Geography

The town of Mount Morgan is situated on the Dee River, 38 kilometres (24 mi) south of the city of Rockhampton, and is 680 kilometres (420 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane. The Burnett Highway passes through the town.[4]

There are a number of neighbourhoods within the locality:

The names Kenbula and Talban were both assigned by the Queensland Railway Department on 18 November 1911. Both are Aboriginal names, Kenbula meaning ironbark tree and Talban meaning stone curlew.[6]

History

View of the town of Mount Morgan and the mine beyond from the Queensland National Hotel
West works, Mt. Morgan, 1898

Prior to European migrants settling in the area, the area was part of the Kangulu peoples traditional lands.

Mount Morgan was founded as a gold mining town in 1882.[8] The town takes its name from the family who took out the original gold mining leases in the area: Frederick Augustus Morgan and his brothers Thomas Squire Morgan and Edwin Francis Morgan.[2][9]

Over the years, the Mount Morgan Mine has produced gold, silver and copper. Among those making a fortune from this mine was William Knox D'Arcy. D'Arcy used his fortune to finance oil exploration in Iran, which led to the formation of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now BP).[10]

Mining of clay in a nearby hill for the production of furnace bricks commenced soon after that time, continuing until the early 1900s,[11] The resulting man-made caves came to be known as the Fireclay Caverns, which contained large openings that measure between 4–12 metres in height from the cave floor.[12] Dinosaur footprints (preserved as infills) were later found in nine different sections of the Fireclay Caverns, lining the ceiling dated to the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian).[11][12][13]

Mount Morgan Post Office opened on 18 May 1885 (a receiving office had been open from 1884).[14]

Mount Morgan Central State School opened in 1887 and grew so rapidly that it was separated into two schools on different sites the following year, forming Mount Morgan Boys State School and Mount Morgan Girls and Infants State School. The word 'Central' was added to the name of these two schools from 1911. They were amalgamated back into one school in 1929.[15]

Circa 1888-1889 an Anglican church opened in Mount Morgan.[16]

The town of Mount Morgan grew in a haphazard fashion around the entrance to the mining lease near the Dee River from the early 1880s. By 1889 a number of the major religions had established congregations and erected churches including the Primitive Methodists (1885), the Catholics (1887) and the Anglicans (1889). That year the town's name was formally changed from 'South Calliungal' to 'Mount Morgan', and by 1891 the Queensland census recorded a population of 3514.[17]

A rack train climbs towards Mount Morgan

Until the arrival of the railway in 1898, everything was transported by horse teams. The Mount Morgan Mining Company had a depot in Quay Street, where the wagoners would load up. Initially, there were two routes to Rockhampton, one via Crocodile (now Bouldercombe) and the other via Kabra, Boongarry and Moonmera. In 1885, a road was built over the Razorback Range.[18]

The railway line between Mount Morgan and Rockhampton opened on 26 November 1898,[19] with two railway stations serving the locality:

Like many Australian towns, in 1899 to 1900, the Siege of Mafeking was avidly followed in the news in Mount Morgan. With every confidence in a British victory, in March 1900, the town's people decided to prepare to celebrate the relief of Mafeking as soon as it was announced. The town band was to assemble immediately on the corner of East and Morgan Streets and other entertainments were arranged, such as a bonfire and a greasy pig.[21] On 20 May 1900, on hearing the news of the relief of Mafeking, bonfires were lit on the hills around the town, the bands were playing, and patriotic speeches were made.[22] The celebrations did not end there, as by November 1900, a "Mafeking" bell had been installed in a tower beside the town hall.[23] The bell had been cast at the Mount Morgan Mine and weighed 7 cwt (360 kg). The sound of the bell was described as "blood curdling" and led to arguments as to whether the bell was cracked.[24] By 1955, the wooden tower had rotted and the bell was taken down to be relocated to the verandah of the town hall.[25][26] In 1969 the bell was relocated to the scout hall in Dee Street as the army leader at Mafeking was Lord Baden-Powell who established the Scouting movement in 1907.[27] In February 2018, the bell was returned to the main street of Mount Morgan as part of a streetscape redevelopment project.[28][29] There is a popular story that the schoolchildren of Mount Isa funded the bell by donating pennies (either to pay for it or to be melted down to construct it),[28][29][30] but the earliest sources so far identified for this story are from 1955,[25] 55 years after the bell was cast, and the commemorative plaque which also presents this story was not created until 1962.[31]

Sacred Heart Catholic Primary School opened in 1891 and closed in 1997.[32]

Red Hill State School, 1912

Red Hill State School opened on 1900 and closed circa 1931.[33] It was in the Red Hill neighbourhood of Mount Morgan, and presumably is the origin of the name of School Street (approx 23°39′10″S 150°22′33″E / 23.6529°S 150.3758°E / -23.6529; 150.3758 (Red Hill State School (former))).[34][35][4]

Mount Morgan minesite, 2005

In 1902, a Baptist church opened in Mount Morgan.[36][37] Prior to the opening of the church, Baptist services had been held in the Forester's Hall. In April 1902 the Port Curtis Road Methodist Church building was purchased for removal and erected on the corner of East and Dee Streets in Mount Morgan.[38] The stump-capping ceremony was held on Saturday 12 May 1902.[39] The official opening of the church was on Sunday 22 June 1902.[40]

Mount Morgan State High School opened on 22 January 1912.[32] It was the first school of its kind to open in Queensland.[15]

Maranu State School opened on 24 May 1915. It closed on 1 April 1927.[32]

Upper Dee Provisional School opened in 1919. On 11 June 1923, it became Upper Dee State School. It closed circa 1929.[32]

The Mount Morgan Mine finally closed in November 1990, having produced 250 tonnes of gold and 360,000 tonnes of copper during its lifetime, leaving 134 million tonnes of waste rock and tailings.[41] During the mining operation, most of the mountain was mined away, and the town now lies adjacent to a 43 m deep acid-water filled pit.[42] The Queensland Government have begun a rehabilitation project of the minesite.[41]

The Mount Morgan Public Library opened in 1993.[43]

At the 2006 census, the town of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,447.[44]

In the 2011 census, the locality of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,115 people.[45]

In the 2016 census, the locality of Mount Morgan had a population of 1,963 people.[46]

In the 2021 census, the urban centre of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,487 people.[1]

In December 2020, a 24 kilometre mountain bike trail network was completed around No. 7 Dam, creating a new sporting facility for the area, as part of the Advancing Mount Morgan strategy with an aim to help boost tourism to the town.[47]

In 2021, the town's water supply was so low, drinking water had to be delivered on daily basis.[48]

Heritage listings

Mount Morgan has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Economy

Mining companies still prospect today in the area, and plans to extract further gold from tailings at the mine site are under development.[41][42]

Education

Mount Morgan Central State School, 2001

Mount Morgan Central State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 44 Morgan Street (23°38′44″S 150°23′17″E / 23.6456°S 150.3880°E / -23.6456; 150.3880 (Mount Morgan Central State School)).[63][64] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 209 students with 15 teachers (12 full-time equivalent) and 13 non-teaching staff (10 full-time equivalent).[65]

Mount Morgan State High School - former Technical College Building, from E (2015)

Mount Morgan State High School is a government secondary (7–12) school for boys and girls at 4 Central Street (23°38′38″S 150°23′14″E / 23.6439°S 150.3873°E / -23.6439; 150.3873 (Mount Morgan State High School)).[63][66] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 183 students with 21 teachers (20 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (12 full-time equivalent).[65]

Amenities

The Rockhampton Regional Council operates the Mount Morgan Library at 31 Morgan Street (23°38′43″S 150°23′12″E / 23.6452°S 150.3866°E / -23.6452; 150.3866 (Mount Morgan public library)).[67]

The Mount Morgan branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the CWA Hall at 127 East Street (23°38′47″S 150°23′23″E / 23.6463°S 150.3898°E / -23.6463; 150.3898 (Mount Morgan CWA Hall)).[68]

Mount Morgan Mountain Bike Trails are managed by Rockhampton Regional Council.[47][69] Rockhampton Mountain Bike Club conducts social rides there and also has plans to commence racing at the new trail park in 2021.[70]

There are a number of churches in Mount Morgan, including:

Events

Mount Morgan is known to hold the Golden Mount Festival in the main street at the end of April or the start of May as part of the Labour Day holiday. The festival usually starts on a Friday and finishes the next Monday. The Morgan Street is closed to vehicles during Saturday of the Festival for the day for markets and activities such as floats and "Running the Cutter" races.

Attractions

Panoramic Shot of Mount Morgan, 2008

Tourism plays a large part in the economy of the town today, with a visitor centre located at the old railway centre and recreation area at Dam No.7. The area was host to one of the few rack railways (as part of the line from Mount Morgan to Rockhampton) to operate in Australia. The rack portion of the line was replaced by a conventional adhesion railway in the 1950s, with a small portion of track retained at the town centre.[79] In turn, the replacement line was closed in 1987, and the town no longer has a rail connection. The Mount Morgan railway station is still standing and now operates as a Museum and Tourist Information Centre. There is a regular bus service between Rockhampton, Gracemere and Mount Morgan provided by Young's Bus Service.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Mount Morgan (UCL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Mount Morgan – town in Rockhampton Region (entry 23098)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  3. ↑ "Mount Morgan – locality in Rockhampton Region (entry 48786)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  4. 1 2 "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  5. ↑ "Gordon Vale – locality unbounded in Rockhampton Regional (entry 14384)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  6. 1 2 "Kenbula – locality unbounded in Rockhampton Regional (entry 17921)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  7. ↑ "Talban – locality unbounded in Rockhampton Regional (entry 33160)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  8. ↑ "Tindale Tribes – Kangulu". South Australian Museum Archives. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  9. ↑ "The Morgan Brothers". Mount Morgan Historic Township. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  10. ↑ Carment, David, "D'Arcy, William Knox (1849–1917)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, archived from the original on 1 December 2021, retrieved 17 January 2022
  11. 1 2 Staines, HRE (1954). "Dinosaur footprints at Mount Morgan". Queensland Government Mining Journal. 55 (623): 483–485.
  12. 1 2 Romilio, Anthony; Dick, Roslyn; Skinner, Heather; Millar, Janice (13 February 2020). "Archival data provides insights into the ambiguous track-maker gait from the Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian) Razorback beds, Queensland, Australia: evidence of theropod quadrupedalism?". Historical Biology. 33 (9): 1573–1579. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1720014. ISSN 0891-2963.
  13. ↑ Romilio, Anthony (20 April 2020). "Additional notes on the Mount Morgan dinosaur tracks from the Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian) Razorback beds, Queensland, Australia". Historical Biology. 33 (10): 2005–2007. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1755853. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 218778298.
  14. ↑ Phoenix Auctions History. "Post Office List". Phoenix Auctions. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  15. 1 2 "The oldest state secondary schools in Queensland". education.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  16. ↑ "General News". The Queenslander. Vol. XXXVI, no. 721. Queensland, Australia. 27 July 1889. p. 170. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ↑ Erik Eklund, Mining Towns: making a living, making a life Archived 14 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, UNSW Press, Sydney, 2012, pp. 75-76.
  18. ↑ "BACK TO COACHING AND TEAMSTER DAYS". The Morning Bulletin. Rockhampton, Qld. 7 June 1950. p. 3 Supplement: Supplement. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2011 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ↑ Kerr, John (1990). Triumph of narrow gauge : a history of Queensland Railways. Boolarong Publications. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-86439-102-5.
  20. 1 2 "Railway stations and sidings - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 2 October 2020. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  21. ↑ "MOUNT MORGAN". Morning Bulletin. Vol. LXI, no. 10, 651. Queensland, Australia. 28 March 1900. p. 6. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ↑ "The Celebration in the Colonies". The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts. Vol. XVII, no. 435. Queensland, Australia. 22 May 1900. p. 7. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ↑ "With the Barcaldine Band". The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts. Vol. XVIII, no. 462. Queensland, Australia. 27 November 1900. p. 13. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  24. ↑ "With the Barcaldine Band". The Western Champion and General Advertiser for the Central-Western Districts. Vol. XVIII, no. 462. Queensland, Australia. 4 December 1900. p. 13. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  25. 1 2 "MT MORGAN Place Wanted For "Mafeking" Bell". The Central Queensland Herald. Vol. 22, no. 1927. Queensland, Australia. 21 July 1955. p. 24. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  26. ↑ Golding, F. L. (Frank L.) (1 January 1978), An old mining town in Queensland : Mount Morgan, Royal Historical Society of Queensland, archived from the original on 17 January 2022, retrieved 31 October 2018
  27. ↑ Rodgers, Cheryl (2007), Mount Morgan Boy Scout building and the Mafeking Bell, 2007, John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland, archived from the original on 17 January 2022, retrieved 31 October 2018
  28. 1 2 O'Dowd, Ken (8 March 2018). "Ken's Flynn in Focus". Gladstone News. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  29. 1 2 "Mount Morgan streetscape officially opens". Rockhampton Regional Council. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  30. ↑ "Information points of Mount Morgan buildings" (PDF). TMC Tours. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  31. ↑ "Mafeking Bell". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  32. 1 2 3 4 Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  33. ↑ Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  34. ↑ "County of Livingstone sheet 1" (Map). Queensland Government. 1912. Archived from the original on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  35. ↑ "Town of Mount Morgan" (Map). Queensland Government. 1972. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  36. ↑ "Queensland Baptist churches by date of erection/opening". Baptist Church Archives Queensland. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  37. ↑ "1902 Mount Morgan". Baptist Church Archives Queensland. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  38. ↑ "THE MOUNT MORGAN BAPTIST CHURCH". Morning Bulletin. Vol. LXIII, no. 11, 359. Queensland, Australia. 19 April 1902. p. 5. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  39. ↑ "MOUNT MORGAN BAPTIST CHURCH". Morning Bulletin. Vol. LXIII, no. 11, 377. Queensland, Australia. 12 May 1902. p. 7. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  40. ↑ "MOUNT MORGAN BAPTIST CHURCH". Morning Bulletin. Vol. LXIII, no. 11, 413. Queensland, Australia. 24 June 1902. p. 3. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  41. 1 2 3 "Mount Morgan remediation project". Abandoned mine remediation projects. Queensland Government. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  42. 1 2 "Home". Heritage Minerals. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  43. ↑ "Queensland Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-2017" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. November 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  44. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Mount Morgan (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  45. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Mount Morgan". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  46. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Mount Morgan (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  47. 1 2 "Brand new bike trails". Rockhampton Regional Council. 18 December 2020. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  48. ↑ Pearce, Frazer (25 June 2021). "Mount Morgan hopes pumped hydro scheme will fix water supply crisis". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  49. ↑ "Mount Morgan Mine Site (entry 600751)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  50. ↑ "650005". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  51. ↑ "Grand Hotel (entry 600743)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  52. ↑ "Mount Morgan Cemetery including Chinese Shrine and Linda Memorial (entry 600753)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  53. ↑ "Masonic Temple Mount Morgan (entry 600744)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  54. ↑ "St Mary's Anglican Church, Church hall and Bell Tower (entry 601690)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  55. ↑ "Court House and Police Station (entry 600745)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  56. ↑ "The Coronation Lamp (entry 600750)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  57. ↑ "Queensland National Hotel (former) (entry 600748)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  58. ↑ "School of Arts Hall & Library (entry 600749)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  59. ↑ "Commonwealth Bank (former) (entry 600746)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  60. ↑ "Central State School (entry 600747)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  61. ↑ "Mount Morgan Railway Station Complex (entry 600752)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  62. ↑ "Adolphus William Copper Smelter and Dee Township (entry 700013)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  63. 1 2 "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  64. ↑ "Mount Morgan Central State School". Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  65. 1 2 "ACARA School Profile 2018". Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  66. ↑ "Mount Morgan State High School". Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  67. ↑ "Mount Morgan Library, Public Libraries Connect". Public Libraries Connect. 1 September 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  68. ↑ "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  69. ↑ "Mount Morgan Bike Trail". Rockhampton Regional Council. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  70. ↑ "Welcome to Rocky MTB". Rockhampton Mountain Bike Club. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  71. ↑ "St Mary's Anglican Church". Churches Australia. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  72. ↑ "Rockhampton – Cathedral Parish of St Joseph". Catholic Diocese of Rockhampton. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  73. ↑ "Sacred Heart Catholic Church". Churches Australia. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  74. ↑ "About". The Uniting Church in Australia, Parish of Rockhampton South. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  75. ↑ "Mount Morgan Uniting Church". Churches Australia. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  76. ↑ "St Enoch's Presbyterian Church". Churches Australia. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  77. ↑ "A Local Congregation in Mt Morgan". Peace Apostolic Ministries. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  78. ↑ "Peace Christian Church". Churches Australia. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  79. ↑ "Last Days of the Mount Morgan Rack Railway" Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, December 1950 pp. 125–126
  80. ↑ Chapter9: Leisure and entertainment: aspects of popular culture at Mount Morgan Archived 24 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  81. ↑ "Kay Dreyfus, Alma Moodie and the Landscape of Giftedness, 2002". Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  82. ↑ Anderson, John, "Tough bush adversary", Townsville Bulletin, 22 December 2001.
  83. ↑ "Fitting farewell for bush policeman", Townsville Bulletin, 22 December 2001.

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