Ginni Thomas
Thomas in 2017
Born
Virginia Lamp

(1957-02-23) February 23, 1957[1]
Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
EducationMount Vernon Seminary and College
University of Nebraska
Creighton University (BA, JD)
Occupations
  • Attorney
  • activist
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
​
(m. 1987)​

Virginia "Ginni" Thomas (née Lamp; born February 23, 1957) is an American attorney and conservative activist. In 1987, she married Clarence Thomas, who became an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1991. Her conservative commentary and activism have made her a controversial figure, especially because spouses of Supreme Court justices typically avoid politics.[2]

Thomas began her career working for Republican Hal Daub while he was a member of the United States House of Representatives. After Thomas graduated from Creighton University School of Law, she worked for the United States Chamber of Commerce. She later worked for the United States Department of Labor and as an aide to Republican Dick Armey while he was a member of the House of Representatives.

In 2000, Thomas joined The Heritage Foundation, where she was a liaison between the conservative think tank and the George W. Bush administration. In 2009, Thomas founded Liberty Central, a conservative political advocacy nonprofit organization associated with the Tea Party movement. She founded Liberty Consulting in 2010.[3]

Thomas supported Donald Trump during his presidency, offering the administration recommendations on individuals to hire through her work with the conservative Groundswell group. Following Joe Biden's victory in the 2020 presidential election, she repeatedly urged Trump's chief of staff Mark Meadows to take steps to overturn the result.[4] Thomas also emailed state lawmakers in Arizona and Wisconsin, urging them to ignore the results of the 2020 presidential election and vote instead for an alternate slate of electors.[5] She made an early social media endorsement of the Trump rally that preceded the January 2021 attack on the United States Capitol before the violence took place, and she later apologized for contributing to a rift among her husband's former Supreme Court clerks concerning that riot.[6][7]

Early life and education

Thomas grew up in Omaha, Nebraska, the youngest of four children born to Donald Lamp, an engineer who owned his own firm, and Marjorie Lamp, a stay-at-home mother and conservative activist.[8][9][10] Her parents were Republicans and members of the John Birch Society, an anti-communist and conservative political advocacy group.[9][11]

Thomas attended Westside High School in Omaha, where she was a member of student government, the debate club, and the Republican club.[9] While she was in high school, her ambition was to be elected to Congress.[10] She enrolled at Mount Vernon College for Women in Washington, D.C. because of its proximity to the Capitol; one of her classmates was Susan Ford, daughter of then-President Gerald Ford.[12][10] While a student, she interned in the office of Nebraska Congressman John Y. McCollister.[13] During the summer after her freshman year, Thomas worked at the national headquarters of Ronald Reagan's 1976 campaign for president.[14]

That fall, she transferred to the University of Nebraska (and subsequently Creighton University) to be closer to a boyfriend.[10] She received a Bachelor of Arts in political science and business communication from Creighton (1979) and a Juris Doctor from the Creighton University School of Law (1983), after a hiatus working as a legislative aide for Representative Hal Daub.[9][10][15]

Career

1981–1991

When Daub took office in 1981, Thomas moved to Washington, D.C., and worked in his office for 18 months.[8][9][10] After completing law school in 1983, she had an internship at the National Labor Relations Board and worked one more year for Daub in Washington as his legislative director.[16] [10] From 1985 to 1989, she was employed as an attorney and labor relations specialist at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce,[9][17][18] attending congressional hearings where she represented the interests of the business community.[9] Her advocacy included arguing against the passage of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993.[19] In 1989, she became manager of employee relations at the Chamber of Commerce.[20]

1991–2009

In 1991, Thomas returned to government service in the Legislative Affairs Office of the U.S. Department of Labor,[21][22][23] where she argued against comparable-worth legislation that would have mandated equal pay for women and men in jobs deemed to be comparable.[24]

That year, her husband (whom she had married in 1987), Clarence Thomas, was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to fill the open seat on the U.S. Supreme Court left by the retirement of Justice Thurgood Marshall.[24] She attended the contentious U.S. Senate confirmation hearings and supported her husband as he was accused of sexual harassment.[25]

During the confirmation hearings, several Democratic senators questioned whether her job with the Labor Department could create a conflict of interest for her husband if he were to be seated on the Supreme Court.[26] After her husband was confirmed by a vote of 52 to 48,[27] she described the televised scrutiny and confirmation process as a "trial by fire".[28][29]

Her next job was as a policy analyst for Representative Dick Armey, who was the House Republican Conference chairman.[30]

By 2000, she was working for The Heritage Foundation, where she collected résumés for potential presidential appointments in the George W. Bush administration when the Supreme Court was deciding Bush v. Gore.[31] She continued to work at The Heritage Foundation during the administration of George W. Bush, serving as White House liaison for the think tank.[32]

2009–2016

In late 2009, Thomas established the nonprofit lobbying group Liberty Central to organize conservative activists, issue legislative scorecards for U.S. Congress members, and be involved in elections.[33] The group was aimed at opposing what Thomas called the "leftist tyranny'" of President Barack Obama and congressional Democrats, and "protecting the core founding principles" of the nation.[34] Thomas's lobbying activities were raised as a potential source of conflict of interest for her husband.[34][35] Thomas was interviewed by Sean Hannity on his Fox News show Hannity in June 2010. Asked about potential conflicts between her Liberty Central activities and her husband's position, Thomas replied that "there's a lot of judicial wives and husbands out there causing trouble. I'm just one of many."[36] Liberty Central ceased operations in 2012.[37]

In February 2011, Politico reported that Thomas was the head of a new company, Liberty Consulting, which filed incorporation papers in mid-November 2010. The company's website stated that clients could use Thomas's "experience and connections" to help with "governmental affairs efforts" and political donation strategies.[38] The Washington Post described Liberty Consulting as "a one-woman shop" where Thomas advised political donors how to direct funds in the post-Citizens United v. FEC landscape.[3] Also in 2011, Thomas became a special correspondent for Tucker Carlson's The Daily Caller.[39]

The Washington Post reported in May 2023 that in 2011 and 2012 Leonard Leo of the Federalist Society instructed Kellyanne Conway and her firm The Polling Company to pay $80,000 to Liberty Consulting, a firm owned by Thomas. Leo directed Conway to bill the payments to Judicial Education Project with "No mention of Ginni, of course" in the paperwork. The Post could not determine the precise nature of any work Thomas did for either firm, though it noted Judicial Education Project filed a brief to the Supreme Court in a 2012 landmark voting rights case. A longtime friend of the Thomases, Leo told the Post, "Knowing how disrespectful, malicious and gossipy people can be, I have always tried to protect the privacy of Justice Thomas and Ginni."[40]

2016–present

Thomas endorsed Ted Cruz in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries.[3] She supported Donald Trump after he won the Republican nomination,[37] and has served on the advisory council of Turning Point USA.[41] Thomas has drawn attention for making controversial social media posts; The Washington Post wrote that she had shared "nakedly partisan, erroneous propaganda".[3] On Facebook, she has shared a George Soros conspiracy theory meme and criticized gun control advocates such as survivors of the 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School shooting.[42]

Thomas is a member of the informal conservative Groundswell group,[43] which she founded with the support of Steve Bannon, a former Trump advisor.[42] According to a February 2020 report by Jonathan Swan in Axios, Thomas actively urged Trump to change the personnel in his administration. Swan reported that Thomas had given Trump a memo with names of individuals recommended by the Groundswell network.[44][45]

On May 28, 2020, Trump appointed Thomas as a member of the trust fund board of the Library of Congress.[46]

She is a member of the conservative Council for National Policy,[47] and in 2019, she became part of its board.[42]

Efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election

According to The New York Times, in the days following the 2020 presidential election, the board of the Council for National Policy issued a call to action to its members to keep Trump in power, despite his loss.[42] The call to action instructed members to "pressure Republican lawmakers into challenging the election results and appointing alternate slates of electors."[42] Days after the November 2020 election, with Biden declared the winner in Arizona, Thomas sent emails to 29 of the state's legislators, urging them to choose "a clean slate of Electors."[48][49] Thomas also emailed Wisconsin state senator Kathy Bernier and Wisconsin state representative Gary Tauchen with verbatim copies of the Arizona emails, urging them to set aside the results of the popular vote in their state and instead choose their own electors.[5]

Prior to January 6, Thomas promoted a Stop the Steal rally on Facebook.[50][51] Thomas said that she attended the Stop the Steal rally that preceded the January 6 U.S. Capitol attack but left before Trump took the stage at noon.[52]

After January 6, baseless claims that Thomas had paid to shuttle demonstrators to Washington D.C. proliferated online.[53] A year after the storming of the U.S. Capitol, fact checkers again debunked claims that Thomas was one of the organizers of the events of January 6, 2021.[54]

After the Capitol attack, Thomas, on a private email LISTSERV of her husband's former law clerks, expressed her apologies for contributing to a rift among the group.[55] The internal rift reportedly concerned "pro-Trump postings and former Thomas clerk John Eastman, who spoke at the rally and represented Trump in some of his failed lawsuits filed to overturn the 2020 election results."[55] Eastman is a close friend of both Thomases.[56]

An April 2022 Quinnipiac poll found that 52% of Americans said that, in light of Ginni Thomas's texts to Trump's White House Chief of Staff, Mark Meadows about overturning the results of the 2020 presidential election, Clarence Thomas should recuse himself from cases about the 2020 election.[57]

Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack

In March 2022, texts between Thomas and White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows from 2020 were handed to the Select Committee on the January 6 Attack.[58] The texts show her repeatedly urging Meadows to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election, which she called "the greatest Heist of our History,"[59] and repeating conspiracy theories about ballot fraud.[4] She urged that conspiracy theorist attorney Sidney Powell be retained by the Trump campaign efforts to overturn the 2020 election.[60] In the quoted texts, Thomas described an unknown number of American citizens that she hoped would be "living in barges off GITMO"[61] in accord with the QAnon-affiliated conspiracy theory that President Biden, his family, and thousands of state and county election officials, administrators, and volunteers successfully orchestrated and performed a vast conspiracy to rig the 2020 elections across thousands of administrative districts or wards. Public perception of the likelihood of such QAnon-style conspiracy theories influencing a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court was widespread enough[62] that President Biden was asked what he thought about whether Clarence Thomas should recuse himself from any January 6-related cases.[63] He replied that the answer is for others to determine,[63] mentioning the congressional investigating committee and the Department of Justice.[63] Under U.S. law, each justice of the court is the main and possibly only person who has power over his or her own recusal.

CNN reported in June 2022 that the Select Committee possessed email correspondence between Thomas and John Eastman.[64] The emails were part of Eastman's correspondence related to efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election.[64] In the wake of revelations regarding her correspondence with Eastman, Thomas was asked to testify before the committee.[65] In an interview with the Daily Caller, Thomas stated that she "can't wait to clear up misconceptions. I look forward to talking to them."[66] Thomas previously signed on to a letter to House minority leader, Kevin McCarthy, calling for the removal of Rep. Liz Cheney and Rep. Adam Kinzinger from the Republican conference for their participation on the Select Committee and describing the January 6 investigations as "bringing disrespect to our country's rule of law."[42] Mark Paoletta, Thomas's attorney, wrote the committee days later that she would not agree to be interviewed unless additional information came to light that might warrant testimony,[67] but one of her attorneys subsequently announced she would speak voluntarily with the committee.[68][69] The committee interviewed her on September 29.[70]

Days after it became known Eastman and Thomas had communicated by email, Eastman posted on his new Substack blog one email that he captioned, "OMG, Mrs. Thomas asked me to give an update about election litigation to her group. Stop the Presses!" In the December 4, 2020 email, Thomas invited Eastman to speak four days later at a gathering of "Frontliners," which she described as a group of "grassroots state leaders." A private Facebook group named "FrontLiners for Liberty," which included over 50 people and was created in August 2020, showed Thomas as an administrator. The group's front page carried a banner stating, "the enemy of America...is the radical fascist left." After CNBC asked Thomas about the group, its public pages were either made private or deleted. CNBC also contacted Stephanie Coleman, who was also listed as a group administrator. She is the widow of former Texas solicitor general Greg Coleman, who had clerked for Clarence Thomas. Numerous photos of her and Thomas are on her personal Facebook page, including one of both of them with former Trump chief strategist Steve Bannon in December 2016. The Thomas email was among those federal judge David Carter ordered Eastman to release to the January 6 committee in June 2022, as Eastman sought to withhold them. Carter found ten documents he ordered released to the committee relating to three December 2020 meetings by a secretive group strategizing about how to overturn the election, which included who he characterized as a "high-profile" leader. Carter noted one email in particular among those he ordered released that contained what he found was likely evidence of a crime. Thomas attended a meeting of FrontLiners for Liberty on March 6, 2021, at which a speaker declared Trump was still the "legitimate president," to enthusiastic applause.[71][72][73][74] [75]

Thomas also emailed state lawmakers in Arizona and Wisconsin, urging them to ignore the results of the 2020 presidential election and vote instead for an alternate slate of electors.[5]

According to transcripts of her interviews with the Select Committee on the January 6 attack, Thomas noted that she communicated with Mark Meadows to advocate for Trump's support of Sidney Powell, who was pushing false accusations about hacked voting machines.[76] She further claimed that she did not communicate her election-related activities to her husband, Clarence.[76] However, Thomas also noted that she referenced her "best friend" (i.e. her husband) in her texts to Meadows when discussing the support that her husband provided when she was upset over Trump's election defeat. In her interviews, Thomas also admitted that she had sent emails to lawmakers in key states and that she still believed that the 2020 election results were impacted by fraud, despite not being able to provide any evidence.[76][77] Thomas also noted that with regards to her texts to Meadows, she "would take them all back if I could today;" she attributed her communications with Meadows as being the result of her being "emotional" after Trump's election defeat.[77]

Support for Freedom Caucus

On January 4, 2023, the Conservative Action Project published an open letter opposing Kevin McCarthy during the election of the Speaker of the House of Representatives and supporting the House Freedom Caucus's efforts to vote against him. Thomas signed the open letter.[78]

Personal life

Virginia and Clarence Thomas married in 1987.[79] The couple lives in Virginia.[80] In an interview, Ginni's uncle said of the couple, "I can guarantee you I was surprised when I found out she was going with a black man", to which her aunt added, "but he was so nice, we forgot he was black, and he treated her so well all of his other qualities made up for his being black."[81]

Thomas converted from Protestantism to her husband's Catholic faith in 2002. She was inspired by his devotion of praying the Litany of Humility and participating in the Mass. She credits Justice Antonin Scalia and his wife Maureen for helping her husband back into the Church.[82]

On October 9, 2010, Thomas left a voicemail message for Anita Hill, whose accusations of sexual harassment against her husband complicated his Supreme Court nomination hearings 19 years earlier.[83][84] In the voicemail, Thomas said that Hill should apologize to her husband. Hill responded that there was nothing to apologize for and said that her 1991 testimony about her interactions with Clarence Thomas was truthful.[83]

In 2011, Clarence Thomas amended 20 years worth of his financial disclosures to include Virginia Thomas's places of employment.[85][86]

Lifespring

In the 1980s, while a congressional aide, Thomas took training with the self-awareness program Lifespring.[87] In 1987, she told the The Washington Post that, during her training several years earlier, she had been "confused and troubled" by lessons such as one where trainees were told to disrobe to bikinis and bathing suits and then "made fun of fat people's bodies and ridiculed one another with sexual questions".[87] After realizing that membership in her Lifespring group was separating her from her family, friends, and co-workers, Thomas said she began what proved to be a difficult and months-long process of breaking away.[87] At one point, she hid in another part of the U.S. to avoid a constant barrage of high-pressure phone calls from Lifespring members, who felt they had a duty to keep her in the organization.[9][88][89]

Thomas came to believe that Lifespring was a cult.[9] After leaving the group in 1985, she sought counseling and joined the Cult Awareness Network.[9][90] She became a critic of controversial religious groups, speaking on panels and organizing anti-cult workshops for congressional staffers in 1986 and 1988.[9] In a 1991 interview, Thomas remarked, "I was once in a group that used mind control techniques", and she called its members "pretty scary people".[91]

References

  1. ↑ Chapman, Roger, ed. (2015). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 666. ISBN 9781317473510.
  2. ↑ Barnes, Robert (February 2, 2021). "Ginni Thomas apologizes to husband's Supreme Court clerks after Capitol riot fallout". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Zak, Dan (December 27, 2018). "What is Ginni Thomas saying now? The evolution of an unusually outspoken Supreme Court spouse". The Washington Post.
  4. 1 2 Cantor, Matthew (March 25, 2022). "Ginni Thomas urged Trump's chief of staff to overturn election results". The Guardian. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 "Ginni Thomas pressed Wisconsin lawmakers to overturn Biden's 2020 victory". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  6. ↑ Cole, Devan; de Vogue, Ariane (February 3, 2021). "Clarence Thomas' wife apologizes to his former clerks for divide that developed amid fallout over Capitol riot". CNN. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  7. ↑ Liptak, Adam (February 2, 2021). "Ginni Thomas apologizes to her husband's Supreme Court clerks for discord she says she caused". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  8. 1 2 Richter, Paul (October 13, 1991). "Virginia Thomas: A Wife Shares Husband's Ordeal". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Blumenfeld, Laura (September 10, 1991). "The Nominee's Soul Mate". The Washington Post. p. F01.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Foskett, Ken (2004). Judging Thomas: The Life and Times of Clarence Thomas. New York City: William Morrow and Company. pp. 116, 194–198. ISBN 978-0-06-052721-1.
  11. ↑ Clarence and Ginni Thomas: Politics, Power and the Supreme Court (full documentary) | FRONTLINE, retrieved May 10, 2023
  12. ↑ Busch, Marilyn (July 7, 1975). "Omahans Cool Off on Lake Outings". Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  13. ↑ "Lamps Home". Omaha World-Herald. February 26, 1976. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  14. ↑ "Lamps Home". Omaha World-Herald. July 29, 1976. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  15. ↑ "Advisory Board Members". Alumni Advisory Board. Creighton University. 2010. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
  16. ↑ Busch, Marilyn (May 5, 1983). "Florida Stay". Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  17. ↑ Swoboda, Frank (February 11, 1988). "Chamber of Commerce Backs Concept of Child Care Bill". The Washington Post.
  18. ↑ "INS Ready to crack down on firms that hire illegal aliens". The Milwaukee Journal. Associated Press. May 31, 1988.
  19. ↑ Bazelon, Emily (March 16, 2010). "Ginni Thomas brings the Tea Party to the Supreme Court". Slate. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
  20. ↑ "Help wanted: skilled workers for the '90s". Purchasing. Reed Business Information, Inc. September 14, 1989.
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  23. ↑ "Drug Abuse Among Women Expected to be Major Issue". Lexington Herald Leader. September 30, 1989.
  24. 1 2 Carlson, Margaret; Kane, Joseph J. (July 15, 1991). "The Supreme Court: Marching to a Different Drummer". Time. p. 1. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  25. ↑ Dowd, Maureen (October 12, 1991). "The Thomas Nomination; In An Ugly Atmosphere, the Accusations Fly". The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  26. ↑ Toner, Robin (December 13, 2000). "Contesting the vote: Political memo; Day-to-Day Duels on Political Issues Have Grown Increasingly Personal". The New York Times.
  27. ↑ Gearan, Ann (September 4, 2001). "Thomas still marches to own tune". Quad-City Times. Washington. Associated Press. p. 8. Retrieved November 2, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ↑ Smitherman, Geneva (1995). African American Women Speak Out on Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-8143-2530-8.
  29. ↑ Corn, David (December 9, 1991). "Beltway Bandits". The Nation.
  30. ↑ Savage, David (November 16, 2010). "Virginia Thomas may step down from 'tea party' group". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  31. ↑ Marquis, Christopher (December 12, 2000). "Job of Clarence Thomas's Wife Raises Conflict-of-Interest Questions". The New York Times.
  32. ↑ "After 10 years on Supreme Court, Thomas finds a comfortable routine". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. September 4, 2001.
  33. ↑ Hennessey, Kathleen (March 14, 2010). "Justice's wife launches 'tea party' group". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
  34. 1 2 Calmes, Jackie (October 9, 2010). "Activism of Thomas's Wife Could Raise Judicial Issues". The New York Times. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  35. ↑ Haberman, Maggie; Karni, Annie (January 26, 2019). "Trump Meets With Hard-Right Group Led by Ginni Thomas". The New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  36. ↑ Vogel, Kenneth P. (July 6, 2010). "Secret donors make Thomas's wife's group tea party player". Politico.
  37. 1 2 Piper, Jessica (June 5, 2019). "Virginia Thomas, wife of Justice Clarence Thomas, extends her conservative reach for 2020". OpenSecrets.
  38. ↑ Vogel, Kenneth P.; Cogan, Marin; Bresnahan, John (February 4, 2011). "Justice Thomas's wife Virginia Thomas now a lobbyist". Politico.
  39. ↑ Vogel, Kenneth P.; Epstein, Jennifer (March 22, 2011). "Ginni Thomas joins The Daily Caller". Politico. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
  40. ↑ Emma Brown; Shawn Boburg; Jonathan O'Connell (May 4, 2023). "Judicial activist directed fees to Clarence Thomas's wife, urged 'no mention of Ginni'". The Washington Post.
  41. ↑ Mayer, Jane (December 21, 2017). "A Conservative Nonprofit That Seeks to Transform College Campuses Faces Allegations of Racial Bias and Illegal Campaign Activity". The New Yorker. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hakim, Danny; Becker, Jo (February 22, 2022). "The Long Crusade of Clarence and Ginni Thomas". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  43. ↑ Corn, David (July 25, 2013). "Inside the New Strategy Group Where Right-Wing Activists and Journalists Coordinate Messaging". Mother Jones. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  44. ↑ Swan, Jonathan (February 23, 2020). "Exclusive: Trump's "Deep State" hit list". Axios.
  45. ↑ Haberman, Maggie (February 25, 2020). "Among Those Pressing Trump to Weed Out Disloyalty: Clarence Thomas's Wife". The New York Times. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
  46. ↑ Boyer, Dave (May 28, 2020). "Trump nominates Justice Clarence Thomas' wife Virginia to Library of Congress board". The Washington Times. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  47. ↑ O'Harrow Jr., Robert (October 25, 2021). "God, Trump and the Closed-Door World of a Major Conservative Group". The Washington Post Magazine. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  48. ↑ Brown, Emma (June 10, 2022). "Ginni Thomas pressed 29 Ariz. lawmakers to help overturn Trump's defeat, emails show". Washington Post. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  49. ↑ Brown, Emma (May 20, 2022). "Ginni Thomas, wife of Supreme Court justice, pressed Ariz. lawmakers to help reverse Trump's loss, emails show". The Washington Post.
  50. ↑ Stern, Mark Joseph (January 8, 2021). "Ginni Thomas, Wife of Clarence, Cheered On the Rally That Turned Into the Capitol Riot". Slate. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  51. ↑ "Ginni Thomas apologized to her husband's Supreme Court clerks after supporting the 'Stop the Steal' rally ahead of the Capitol riot". Yahoo! News. February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  52. ↑ Conradis, Brandon (March 14, 2022). "Wife of Clarence Thomas says she attended Jan. 6 'Stop the Steal' rally". The Hill. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  53. ↑ Qiu, Linda (January 11, 2021). "No, there is not evidence that Ginni Thomas paid for buses to bring people to the Capitol siege". The New York Times. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
  54. ↑ Cercone, Jeff (January 11, 2022). "There's no evidence Ginni Thomas organized Jan. 6 events". PolitiFact. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  55. 1 2 Barnes, Robert. "Ginni Thomas apologizes to husband's Supreme Court clerks after Capitol riot fallout". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  56. ↑ Hakim, Danny; Becker, Jo; Feuer, Alan (March 26, 2022). "Texts Show Ginni Thomas's Embrace of Conspiracy Theories". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  57. ↑ Shawna Mizelle (April 6, 2022). "Quinnipiac poll: 52% of Americans say Justice Clarence Thomas should recuse himself from 2020 election cases". CNN. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  58. ↑ "Ginni Thomas, Justice Clarence Thomas' wife, exchanged texts with Mark Meadows about efforts to overturn the 2020 election". www.cbsnews.com. March 24, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  59. ↑ O’Donnell, Noreen (December 30, 2022). "Ginni Thomas, Wife of Justice, Says She Regrets Texts Calling 2020 Election a 'Heist'". Retrieved December 31, 2022.
  60. ↑ Lowell, Hugo (March 26, 2022). "House January 6 panel members weigh seeking cooperation from Ginni Thomas". The Guardian. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
  61. ↑ Carpenter, Amanda (March 28, 2022). "Is Ginni Thomas's Story Believable? Let's apply some common-sense tests". The Bulwark. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  62. ↑ Carney, Jordain (March 28, 2022). "GOP shoots down Thomas recusal as scrutiny grows". The Hill. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  63. 1 2 3 Ward, Myah (March 28, 2022). "Biden sidesteps question on Clarence Thomas recusing himself from Jan 6 cases: Reporting about the Supreme Court justice's wife revealed that she repeatedly pressed a White House official to pursue efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election". Politico. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  64. 1 2 Ryan Nobles, Zachary Cohen, Annie Grayer, Katelyn Polantz and Chandelis Duster (June 16, 2022). "January 6 committee has emails between Ginni Thomas and John Eastman". CNN. Retrieved June 16, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  65. ↑ Broadwater, Luke (June 16, 2022). "Live Updates: Jan. 6 Panel Says Trump Was Told Plan to Overturn Election Was Illegal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  66. ↑ NPR Washington, News Desk (June 16, 2022). "Jan. 6 committee asks Ginni Thomas, wife of Justice Clarence Thomas, to testify". NPR. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  67. ↑ Haberman, Maggie (June 28, 2022). "A lawyer for Virginia Thomas said she would not testify to the House panel for now". The New York Times.
  68. ↑ Grisales, Claudia; Walsh, Deirdre (September 21, 2022). "Ginni Thomas, wife of Supreme Court justice, will speak with the House Jan. 6 panel". NPR. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  69. ↑ "Ginni Thomas tells January 6 committee she didn't discuss election activities with Justice Clarence Thomas". CNN. September 29, 2022.
  70. ↑ Grayer, Annie; Murray, Sara; Wilson, Kristin; Millman, Andrew; LeBlanc, Paul (September 29, 2022). "Ginni Thomas tells January 6 committee she didn't discuss election activities with Justice Clarence Thomas | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  71. ↑ Schwartz, Brian (June 17, 2022). "Ginni Thomas-tied Facebook group 'FrontLiners for Liberty' could be a new focus in Jan. 6 investigation". CNBC.
  72. ↑ Emma Brown; Isaac Stanley-Becker; Rosalind S. Helderman (June 20, 2022). "Speaker at meeting of Ginni Thomas group called Biden's win illegitimate long after Jan. 6, video shows". The Washington Post.
  73. ↑ Cheney, Kyle (June 7, 2022). "Judge sends another trove of Eastman emails to Jan. 6 committee". Politico.
  74. ↑ Haberman, Maggie (June 29, 2022). "A lawyer for Virginia Thomas said she would not testify to the House panel for now". New York Times.
  75. ↑ "Cheney and Kinzinger tee up possible January 6 subpoena for Ginni Thomas". The Guardian. July 24, 2022.
  76. 1 2 3 Broadwater, Luke; Feuer, Alan; Edmondson, Catie; Lai, Stephanie (December 31, 2022). "Jan. 6 Transcripts Reveal Disagreements That Divided Trump Camp". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 31, 2022.
  77. 1 2 "Ginni Thomas says she regrets post-election texts to Meadows". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 31, 2022.
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  79. ↑ Foskett, Ken (July 6, 2001). "10 years later, an inside look at Clarence Thomas". St. Petersburg Times. Cox News Service.
  80. ↑ Malone, Julia; Dart, Bob (July 4, 1991). "Judge Thomas: Tough, but 'down to earth' Court nominee called comfortable with self". The Atlanta Journal. p. A1.
  81. ↑ Blumenfeld, Laura (September 10, 1991). "THE NOMINEES'S SOUL MATE". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  82. ↑ Desmond, Joan Frawley (October 31, 2016). "'Fearless' Justice Clarence Thomas Walks 25 Years in Footsteps of St. Thomas More". National Catholic Register.
  83. 1 2 Savage, Charlie (October 19, 2010). "Clarence Thomas's Wife Asks Anita Hill for Apology". The New York Times.
  84. ↑ Fletcher, Michael A. (October 19, 2010). "Virginia Thomas seeks apology from Anita Hill". The Washington Post.
  85. ↑ de Vogue, Ariane; Dwyer, Devin (January 24, 2011). "Justice Clarence Thomas Amends 20 Years of Disclosure Forms With Wife's Employers". ABC News. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  86. ↑ "Partners". The New Yorker. August 22, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  87. 1 2 3 Fisher, Marc (October 25, 1987). "I Cried Enough to Fill a Glass: In One Lifespring Session, Trainees May Find Themselves Crawling on their Hands and Knees, Wailing Like Infants and Tightly Hugging 200 Total Strangers – All to Get Control of Their Lives. Does it Work? Sometimes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  88. ↑ Marcum, Kirsten; Larson, Adam (November 7, 2001). "Cult Status: In which the author struggles to escape the psychological shackles of a self-help seminar". Minneapolis City Pages. Vol. 22, no. 1092.
  89. ↑ "Thomas' Wife Raps Lifespring". San Antonio Express-News. July 18, 1991.
  90. ↑ Phelps, Timothy M.; Winternitz, Helen (1993). Capitol Games: The Inside Story of Clarence Thomas, Anita Hill and a Supreme Court Nomination. New York City: HarperPerennial. pp. 115–116. ISBN 978-0-06-097553-1.
  91. ↑ "Thomas' Wife Was Victim of Cult". The Washington Post. July 6, 1991 – via The Buffalo News.

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