Terra Indígena do Vale do Javari
Indigenous Territory
Nickname: 
Vale do Javari
Terra Indígena do Vale do Javari is located in Brazil
Terra Indígena do Vale do Javari
Terra Indígena do Vale do Javari
Location in Brazil = Vale do Javari
Coordinates: 5°21′32″S 70°59′10″W / 5.35889°S 70.98611°W / -5.35889; -70.98611
CountryBrazil
State Amazonas
Area
 • Total32,990.43 sq mi (85,444.82 km2)

Vale do Javari (English language: Javari Valley) is one of the largest indigenous territories in Brazil, encompassing 85,444.82 km2 (32,990 mi2) – an area larger than Austria. It is named after the Javari River, the most important river of the region, which since 1851 has formed the border with Peru. It includes much of the Atalaia do Norte municipality as well as adjacent territories in the western section of Amazonas state. Besides the Javari it is transected by the Pardo, Quixito, Itaquai and Ituí rivers.

Inhabitants

Vale do Javari is home to 3,000 indigenous peoples of Brazil with varying degrees of contact, including the Matis, the Matses, the Kulina, and others. The uncontacted indigenous peoples are estimated to be more than 2,000 individuals belonging to at least 14 tribes including the Isolados do Rio Quixito, Isolados do Itaquai (Korubo), Isolados do Jandiatuba, Isolados do Alto Jutai, Isolados do Sao Jose, Isolados do Rio Branco, Isolados do Medio Javari and Isolados do Jaquirana-Amburus.[1] These are believed to be living deep inside its reservation areas. The uncontacted tribes live in some 19 known villages identified by air. According to Fabricio Amorim from Fundação Nacional do Índio, the region contains "the greatest concentration of isolated groups in the Amazon and the world".[1]

The Brazilian government has made it illegal for non-indigenous people to enter the territory; the area (along with its inhabitants) is observed by the government from the air.

Illegal economic activities

The region is known for being a trafficking route for cocaine.[2] Illegal activities, like fishing (mostly to export pirarucu and piracatinga),[3] logging and mining, help criminal groups linked to drug trafficking to launder money and import more drugs to Brazil.[4][5][6]

Rubber boom

During the Amazon rubber boom, natives along the Javari River were subjected to slave raids which were aimed at acquiring a work force to extract rubber.[7]


"During the time of the great rubber boom the Indians were often relentlessly hunted, either as labor material or as irreconcilable opponents of the invaders of their tribal lands. This occurred on a large scale in the valley of the Javery, in the Acre country, and in the Itenez basin in Bolivia..."

— William Lytle Schurz [8]

In the media

In October 2009, a plane with eleven people aboard emergency-landed in the middle of the reservation. People from the Matis tribe found the wreckage and alerted local authorities, who dispatched a rescue mission that flew nine survivors out of the reservation.[9]

Vale do Javari is the setting of the 2011 report The Unconquered: In Search of the Amazon's Last Uncontacted Tribes by National Geographic writer Scott Wallace. It details a 76-day expedition in 2002 led by Sydney Possuelo to find the status of the "Arrow People", an uncontacted tribe.

In June 2022, British freelance journalist Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira, a Brazilian expert on indigenous peoples of Amazonas, were murdered for helping to protect indigenous people from illegal drug traffickers, miners, loggers, and hunters.[10]

Notes

    References

    1. 1 2 Phillips, Tom (22 June 2011). "Uncontacted tribe found deep in Amazon rainforest". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
    2. ↑ Watson, Katy; Cruz, Jessica (2022-06-13). "Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira: 'A tragedy foretold'". BBC News. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
    3. ↑ Anjos, Anna Beatriz (2022-06-09). "Vale do Javari teve multa recorde por pesca ilegal de pirarucu". Agência Pública (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-08-17.
    4. ↑ Spring, Jake; Boadle, Anthony; Spring, Jake (2022-06-19). "Brazil indigenous defender, sidelined under Bolsonaro, gave life for 'abandoned' tribes". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-08-17. The work of the vigilance team quickly drew attention from local fishermen who sell tons of threatened river fish across the nearby border with Peru. Illegal fishing, mining and poaching in the area is often financed by criminal groups laundering money from a growing cross-border drug trade, according to state and federal police.
    5. ↑ Resende, Leandro. "Estudos mostram relação entre tráfico de drogas e pesca ilegal no Javari". CNN Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-08-17.
    6. ↑ Dias Balieiro, Luiz Felipe de Vasconcelos; Nascimento, Izaura Rodrigues (2015-07-06). "Tríplice fronteira Brasil, Peru e Colômbia e as implicações com o narcotráfico". Textos e Debates (26). doi:10.18227/2317-1448ted.v2i26.2789. ISSN 2317-1448.
    7. ↑ Van Valen0, Gary (2013). ndigenous Agency in the Amazon The Mojos in Liberal and Rubber-Boom Bolivia, 1842–1932. University of Arizona Press. p. 66.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
    8. ↑ Schurz, William (1925). "The Distribution of Population in the Amazon Valley". Geographical Review. 15: 217–218.
    9. ↑ "Amazon Indians find plane crash survivors". 30 October 2009. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
    10. ↑ Nicas, Jack; Moriyama, Victor (2022-07-11). "Inside the Amazon Journey That Left a Journalist and an Activist Dead". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
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