Valdemar III
Seal of Valdemar III
King of Denmark and the Wends
Reign1326–1330
PredecessorChristopher II and Eric Christoffersen
SuccessorChristopher II and Eric Christoffersen
RegentGerhard of Holstein
Duke of Schleswig
Reign1325–1326
1330–1364
PredecessorEric II
Gerhard of Holstein
SuccessorGerhard of Holstein
Henry
Born1314
Died1364
ConsortRichardis of Schwerin
IssueValdemar, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig
Henry, Duke of Schleswig
Names
Valdemar Eriksen
HouseEstridsen (Abelslægten line)
FatherEric II, Duke of Schleswig
MotherAdelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg

Valdemar III (1314–1364) was King of Denmark from 1326 to 1329, while he was underage; he was also Duke of Schleswig as Valdemar V in 1325–26 and from 1330 to 1364. He was a rival king set up against the unsuccessful Christopher II and was widely opposed by his subjects. His term was ended when he abdicated. Sometimes the earlier King Valdemar the Young (c. 1209–1231) is also referred to as Valdemar III.[1]

Biography

Valdemar's father was Duke Eric II of Schleswig and his mother was Adelaide, daughter of Henry I of Rendsborg. When his distant kinsman and the head of the rival royal branch Christopher II of Denmark was exiled from his kingdom, Holsteiner and Danish high nobles got to choose a new king. Their choice fell to 11-year-old Duke Valdemar V of Schleswig, who was the head of the branch descended from King Abel of Denmark. Due to his young age, his maternal uncle, the mighty Count Gerhard of Rendsborg (Gerhard III of Holstein) who also was the biggest pawnbroker of mortgaged Denmark, was appointed as the Regent and guardian (grev Gert or Den kullede Greve).[2]

Valdemar's ascension promissory was at least as strict as Christopher's had been. There were some new stipulations, such as all royal castles in Scania should be demolished, and all nobles received the right to fortify their homesteads. The most important agreement, however, was the so-called Constitutio Valdemariana, which promised that in the future, the same person could never be both ruler of Slesvig and Denmark simultaneously. Valdemar accordingly gave up his patrimony, Schleswig, and enfeoffed it to his uncle and guardian, whereby the first Holsteinian became a Duke: Gerhard, Duke of Jutland (or Southern Jutland or Schleswig).

Denmark was now held totally by certain nobles, in practice. That was not popular among the peasants. A portion of the nobles were foreigners, and many set up new taxes. In 1328, peasants in Zealand rose in rebellion, though it was quelled, and a rebellion in Jutland followed in 1329; the Jutland rebellion had more success, but was also quelled in the end. Finally, count Gerhard gave up in the name of his king, and in 1329 Christopher II was allowed to return to the throne. Valdemar became again Duke of Schleswig.

In 1340, he gave his only sister Helvig of Schleswig to marriage with Valdemar IV, the new king of Denmark. During the rest of his rule he led a changeable policy towards Denmark by which war alternated with co-operation.

Valdemar died in 1364. He was married to Richardis of Schwerin (died 1384), daughter of Count Günzelin VI of Schwerin-Wittenburg. They had two sons, Valdemar (1338–1360) and Henry (1342–1375). Henry succeeded as Duke of Schleswig when his father died.[3]

References

  1. ↑ "Valdemar III (1326-1329)" (in Danish). aerenlund.dk. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
  2. ↑ "Erik (II), Hertug af Sønderjylland –1325" (in Danish). Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
  3. ↑ "Richardis (eller Rixa), Hertuginde af Slesvig, –1360" (in Danish). Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
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