Marine Attack Squadron 131
VMA-131 Insignia
ActiveMar 1919 - Nov 16, 1945
Apr 15, 1958 - Dec 5, 1998
CountryUnited States
AllegianceUnited States of America
BranchUnited States Marine Corps
TypeAttack Squadron
RoleClose air support
Air interdiction
Part ofInactive
Nickname(s)Diamondbacks
Tail CodeQG
EngagementsBanana Wars
* Dominican Republic
World War II
* Battle of Guadalcanal
* Battle of Okinawa
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Vernon M. Guymon
Aircraft flown
AttackA-4 Skyhawk
BomberO3U-6 Corsair
Great Lakes BG (1939-41)
SB2U-3 Vindicator
SBD Dauntless
TBM Avenger

Marine Attack Squadron 131 (VMA-131) was an A-4 Skyhawk attack squadron in the United States Marine Corps. The squadron, also known as the “Diamondbacks”, were part of the Marine Forces Reserve and were based at Naval Air Station New York, Brooklyn, New York from 1960 through 1970 and NASJRB Willow Grove from 1971 until their deactivation in 1998.

History

Early years

The squadron was formed as the 1st Air Squadron in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in March 1919. They were redesignated VO-4M on May 29, 1922 and returned to Marine Corps Base Quantico in 1924. The squadron was again redesignated as VO-7M on July 1, 1927. Ten years later on July 1, 1937 the squadron again changed names, this time to Marine Scouting Squadron 1 (VMS-1). Exactly four years later saw a fifth name change to Marine Scout-Bomber Squadron 131 (VMSB-131).

World War II

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor the squadron was ordered to San Diego, California. After months of training, the squadron left San Francisco on September 6, 1942 on board the USS Mount Vernon heading for Marine Corps Air Station Ewa, Hawaii. In November 1942, the squadron was reorganized as the first Marine torpedo bombing squadron and sent to Henderson Field and Espiritu Santo to become part of the Cactus Air Force during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

Squadron logo in World War II when they were VMSB-131
A VMSB-131 TBF-1 on Guadalcanal.

During the fighting crews and pilots rotated between these two bases. The squadron was relieved on February 18, 1943 but rejoined the fighting in April 1943. During its time on Guadalcanal, VMSB-131 scored 14 sure hits and 6 probables with its torpedoes against Japanese shipping. They also scored 6 direct hits against ships with bombs. All this came at a cost of 8 pilots and 17 radiomen and gunners killed in action. For their efforts six pilots were awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for heroism.[1] The squadron finally left the combat zone and returned to Marine Corps Air Station El Toro in June 1943 and were redesignated Marine Torpedo Bombing Squadron 131 VMTB-131.

After a year of rest, refitting, and training, VMTB-131 again deployed to the Pacific Theater on March 29, 1944 this time on board the USS Petrof Bay. They finally arrived in Guam in August 1944 and flew anti-submarine patrols for the next eight months. On April 27, 1945 the squadron was attached to Marine Aircraft Group 22 (MAG-22) and departed for Okinawa. During the Battle of Okinawa they were based out of Ie Shima, an island just to the northwest of Okinawa, and continued to fly anti-submarine patrols and also provided close air support for American ground forces. On July 25, 1945 they were transferred under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14) and went ashore to be based out of Okinawa where they remained until the end of the war. The squadron returned to the west coast and were deactivated on November 16, 1945.

Reserve years

An A-4E of VMA-131 drops Mk 82 bombs during a training mission.

On April 15, 1958, VMF-131 was recommissioned as part of the Marine Air Reserve.[2] The squadron was based out of Naval Air Station New York, Brooklyn, New York and flew the North American FJ-4 Fury. On July 1, 1962,the squadron's designation was changed to VMA-131 when it transitioned to the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk.[3] VMA-131 remained at NAS New York until 1970 when it moved to Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove, Pennsylvania until 1998.

  • On October 15, 1959, an FJ Fury from VMF-131 suffered an engine fire over Southampton, New York. First Lt. James Dawson piloted the crippled aircraft south over the Atlantic Ocean, before ejecting. Unfortunately, he was unable to free himself of his parachute in the rough waters and died aboard a Coast Guard rescue boat.
  • On January 12, 1990 an A-4 Skyhawk from the squadron crashed on approach to NAS Willow Grove, coming down in Upper Moreland Township, impacting in an intersection, with debris tearing off the roof of an auto-leasing business, destroying four cars and damaging six houses with no injuries on the ground. The pilot parachuted into tree nearby suffering only minor injuries.[4]
  • On June 22, 1994 the squadron officially retired its last A-4M aircraft. Four pilots flew a short flight that included a flyby the field. Aside from the various Marines from the squadron and MAG-49, there were family and invited guests.
  • In December 1998, VMA-131 stood down as a squadron, LtCol. Volland the last Squadron Commander at the time.

See also

Citations

  1. ↑ Hubler, Flying Leathernecks, p.124.
  2. ↑ "VMA-131 and VMA-132". www.skyhawk.org. Skywawk Association. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  3. ↑ "United States Marine Corps Muster Rolls - 1962" (PDF). NARA. United States Marine Corps. p. 58. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  4. ↑ Pilot Survives Crash of Jet In a Suburb of Philadelphia

References

Bibliography
  • Hubler, Richard G.; Dechant, John A (1944). Flying Leathernecks - The Complete Record of Marine Corps Aviation in Action 1941 - 1944. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inc.
  • Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle - Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939 - 1945.’’. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31906-5.
  • Sherrod, Robert (1952). History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Combat Forces Press.
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