As of 2020, China had the world's second-highest number of top universities in several most cited international rankings including the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking, the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities and the Three University Missions Ranking.[1][2][3][4][5]

The Double First-Class Universities are considered to be the most elite institutions of Chinese tertiary education, representing the top 5% of overall universities and colleges in Mainland China (approximately 3,000 higher education institutions).[6][7] Regardless of universities in China being involved in a variety of university rankings, the Ministry of Education of China does not advocate or recognize any ranking published by other institutions.[8]

Rankings distribution

Global

As of 2023, China has the world's highest number of top universities in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), the US News and World Report Best Global University Ranking, the University Ranking by Academic Performance, the CWTS Leiden Ranking, and the SCImago Institutions Rankings.[9][10][11][12][13]

China tops the list for the first time with 214 out of 1,000 universities in the 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU).[9] The U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking 2022-2023 ranked 2000 universities from 90 countries: China is again top with 388.[10] In the 2023 CWTS Leiden Ranking, China has the largest number of universities including in the ranking with 273 out of 1,411 universities from 72 countries.[14] The University Ranking by Academic Performance 2023-2024 shortlisted 3,000 research universities in the ranking: China tops the list, with 489 universities.[15] China is also the most-represented nation overall in the SCImago Institutions Rankings list with 575 universities.[16] More than 2,500 universities in China are ranked in the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities out of almost 31,000 institutions, including in the ranking worldwide.[17]

There were 32 universities from Mainland China on lists of the global top 200 in the 2023 Shanghai Ranking's ARWU, behind only the United States in terms of the overall representation.[18] In the 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Mainland China had a notable presence with 13 universities listed within the global top 200. This positioning placed Mainland China behind only the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany in terms of overall representation.[19] There were 17 Chinese universities on lists of the global top 200 behind only the United States and the United Kingdom in terms of the overall representation in the 2023 Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities, a composite ranking system combining three of the world's most influential university rankings (ARWU+QS+ THE).[20]

Regional

China has dominated the QS BRICS University Rankings and the THE's Emerging Economies University Rankings since its inception, claiming 7 of the top 10 spots for both rankings. China is also the most-represented nation overall.[21][22] In 2020, China tops the QS Asia University Rankings list with over 120 universities including in the ranking, and five Chinese universities appear in the Asia Top 10, which is more than any other country.[23] As of 2023, the Shanghai Ranking's Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) included a total of 10 universities from China within its world top 100 list.[24] Similarly, the Times Higher Education Rankings also featured seven universities from China within its global top 100 list.[25] Notably, this level of representation in both rankings positioned China as the country with the highest overall presence in the Asia & Oceania region.[24][25]

National

China is home to over 3,000 institutions of higher education. Within this vast landscape, around 147 universities as part of the Double First-Class Construction hold a prominent position as national key universities, while the tier 1 universities consist of the former 985 Project Universities.[26][27][28] These universities are widely recognized as some of the most renowned in China and continuously maintain high rankings nationally and globally.[29][30] As of 2023, "Double first-class" universities occupy an absolute dominant position in the 2023 Best Chinese University Rankings, with 90 of the top 100 universities nationwide being "double first-class."[31]

In terms of city representation, according to the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking for 2022, Beijing has the highest number of universities including in the ranking, totaling 24. Following Beijing, Shanghai and Xi'an both have 17 highly ranked universities, while Nanjing has 16 and Wuhan has 15. Other cities with notable representation include Chengdu with 11 universities, Guangzhou and Hangzhou with 10 each, Tianjin with 9, Harbin and Nanchang with 8 each, Changsha, Chongqing, Jinan, Qingdao, Shenyang and Zhengzhou with 7 each.[32]

Rankings of universities in China

There are several comprehensive rankings of universities in China, including Wu Shulian Ranking, made by a team led by Wu Shulian and published in the name of Chinese Academy of Management, Netbig Ranking, made by the higher education internet information company Netbig, and CUAA Ranking, by Airuishen (a company) in the name of Chinese Universities Alumni Association, etc. Shanghai Ruanke compiles both the Best Chinese Universities Ranking (BCUR) and the world university ranking, Academic Ranking of World Universities.[33]

In 1987, a ranking of 86 key universities according to Science Citation Index was compiled by Xiao Ming, Chinese Academy of Management Science.[34]

It's said that the first comprehensive (exactly, synthetic) ranking of Chinese universities was made by Cai Yanhou, Higher Education Research Institute, Central South University of Technology, in 1989.[35] Colleges and universities were ranked in four categories, science (generally comprehensive universities), engineering, agricultural and medical.[35]

The Chinese university ranking on research and development in 1991 was published in 1993 by Wu Shulian, Guangdong Academy of Management Science, which was registered in the year 1993 as a private institute and later ceased and was claimed to be the Guangdong branch of Chinese Academy of Management Science. The 1996 ranking was released in 1997, and since then the annual ranking has been released continuously. It's a single list ranking except 1998 ranking, which consists of comprehensive university ranking and technological university ranking, with Nanjing University and Tsinghua University ranking 1st respectively. In 2000, the comprehensive ranking was released under the name Chinese University Assessment. The ranking was later published in the name of Chinese Academy of Management Science.

In 1998, Netbig, or literally Net Universities in abbreviation, a higher education internet information company, released Chinese university ranking.[36]

In 2002, Chinese university ranking by Airuishen (a company) was released. The CUAA Ranking, released in the name of Chinese Universities Alumni Association, is said made by Cai Yanhou team.[37]

In 2003, a team in Shanghai Jiaotong University, later named Shanghai Ranking (Shanghai Ruanke, literally Shanghai Soft Science in abbreviation), released Academic Ranking of World Universities. Shanghai Ranking also compiles the Best Chinese Universities Ranking (BCUR).[38]

Major International Rankings

Bibliometric-based rankings

Annual international rankings of the bibliometric-based rankings include the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities, the University Ranking by Academic Performance, the CWTS Leiden Ranking, the SCImago Institutions Rankings, the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), and the Nature Index Annual Tables published by Nature Research.

Shanghai Ranking's Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU)

World Ranking[note 1]
Institution2023[39] 2022[40]2021[41]
Tsinghua University22 2628
Peking University29 3445
Zhejiang University33 3652
Shanghai Jiao Tong University46 5459
Fudan University56 6777
University of Science and Technology of China64 6263
Sun Yat-sen University73 7989
University of Hong Kong 88 96 101-150
Huazhong University of Science and Technology91 96101-150
Central South University95 101-150151-200
Nanjing University96 101-150101-150
Beijing Institute of Technology101-150 151-200151-200
City University of Hong Kong 101-150 151-200 151-200
Harbin Institute of Technology101-150 151-200151-200
Jilin University101-150 151-200151-200
Shandong University 101-150 151-200 151-200
Sichuan University101-150 101-150151-200
Soochow University 101-150 151-200 151-200
South China University of Technology101-150 151-200151-200
Southern University of Science and Technology 101-150 151-200 301-400
Southeast University101-150 151-200151-200
Chinese University of Hong Kong 101-150 101-150 101-150
Tianjin University 101-150 151-200 151-200
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China101-150 151-200151-200
Wuhan University101-150 101-150151-200
Xi'an Jiaotong University101-150 101-150101-150
Beijing Normal University151-200 201-300201-300
Beihang University151-200 201-300201-300
Hunan University 151-200 201-300 201-300
Nankai University151-200 201-300201-300
Northwestern Polytechnical University 151-200 151-200 151-200
Shenzhen University151-200 201-300201-300
Hong Kong Polytechnic University 151-200 151-200 151-200
Tongji University 151-200 151-200 151-200
Xiamen University 151-200 151-200 201-300
Zhengzhou University151-200 201-300301-400
Beijing University of Chemical Technology 201-300 301-400 301-400
Capital Medical University 201-300 301-400 301-400
China Agricultural University201-300 201-300201-300
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) 201-300 301-400 301-400
Chongqing University201-300 201-300201-300
Dalian University of Technology 201-300 201-300 301-400
East China Normal University 201-300 201-300 301-400
Fuzhou University 201-300 301-400 301-400
Jiangsu University201-300 201-300301-400
Jinan University 201-300 301-400 401-500
Lanzhou University 201-300 301-400 301-400
Nanjing Medical University201-300 201-300301-400
Nanjing Tech University 201-300 301-400 301-400
Peking Union Medical College 201-300 301-400 201-300
Qingdao University 201-300 401-500 401-500
Shanghai University201-300 201-300201-300
University of Science and Technology Beijing201-300 201-300201-300
Wuhan University of Technology201-300 301-400301-400
Beijing University of Technology301-400 401-500401-500
China University of Geosciences, Beijing301-400 401-500401-500
East China University of Science and Technology301-400 301-400301-400
Guangdong University of Technology301-400 401-500301-400
Guangxi University301-400 501-600701-800
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 301-400 301-400 201-300
Huazhong Agricultural University301-400 301-400301-400
Jiangnan University 301-400 401-500 501-600
Nanchang University 301-400 301-400 301-400
Nanjing Agricultural University301-400 301-400301-400
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics301-400 301-400301-400
Nanjing University of Science and Technology301-400 301-400301-400
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 301-400 401-500 401-500
Northeastern University301-400 301-400301-400
Northwest A&F University301-400 401-500501-600
Ocean University of China301-400 301-400301-400
ShanghaiTech University301-400 301-400401-500
University of Macau301-400 401-500401-500
Yangzhou University 301-400 401-500 401-500
Zhejiang University of Technology301-400 401-500501-600
China University of Mining and Technology 401-500 401-500 401-500
China University of Petroleum 401-500 401-500 401-500
Guangzhou Medical University 401-500 501-600 601-700
Guangzhou University401-500 501-600501-600
Hainan University 401-500 801-900 -
Henan University401-500 501-600601-700
Hohai University 401-500 501-600 501-600
Kunming University of Science and Technology 401-500 601-700 701-800
Macau University of Science and Technology 401-500 501-600 601-700
Nanjing Forestry University401-500 601-700601-700
Nanjing Normal University 401-500 501-600 401-500
Renmin University of China401-500 501-600601-700
Shandong University of Science and Technology 400-500 401-500 401-500
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 400-500 701-800 601-700
South China Agricultural University 401-500 501-600 401-500
South China Normal University401-500 501-600501-600
Southern Medical University401-500 401-500401-500
Southwest Jiaotong University 401-500 501-600 501-600
Xidian University 401-500 501-600 401-500
Yunnan University 401-500 501-600 501-600
Zhejiang Normal University401-500 501-600701-800
Anhui Medical University 501-600 601-700 701-800
Anhui University 501-600 601-700 601-700
Beijing Jiaotong University 501-600 501-600 401-500
Central China Normal University501-600 601-700501-600
Chang'an University 501-600 601-700 801-900
China University of Petroleum, Beijing501-600 501-600601-700
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 501-600 601-700 801-900
Hangzhou Dianzi University 501-600 601-700 601-700
Harbin Engineering University 501-600 501-600 501-600
Hefei University of Technology501-600 501-600501-600
Hunan Normal University 501-600 601-700 601-700
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications501-600 601-700601-700
National University of Defense Technology 501-600 601-700 601-700
Ningbo University 501-600 601-700 701-800
Northwest University 501-600 501-600 601-700
Shaanxi Normal University501-600 601-700501-600
Southwest University 501-600 501-600 501-600
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics 501-600 501-600 801-900
Tianjin Medical University 501-600 501-600 601-700
Wenzhou Medical University 501-600 501-600 501-600
Westlake University 501-600 601-700 801-900
Xi'an University of Technology501-600 601-700601-700
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 501-600 601-700 601-700
Changzhou University 601-700 801-900 801-900
China Medical University 601-700 601-700 501-600
China University of Mining and Technology601-700 701-800701-800
Chongqing Medical University 601-700 701-800 701-800
Dalian Maritime University 601-700 701-800 701-800
Fujian Agriculture Forestry University 601-700 701-800 701-800
Fujian Medical University601-700 701-800701-800
Fujian Normal University 601-700 701-800 701-800
Guizhou University 601-700 601-700 801-900
Harbin Medical University 601-700 701-800 801-900
Henan Normal University 601-700 - 801-900
Hong Kong Baptist University601-700 601-700801-900
Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine601-700 801-900901-1000
Nantong University601-700 801-900801-900
Second Military Medical University 601-700 601-700 701-800
Shandong Agricultural University 601-700 701-800 901-1000
Shandong Normal University601-700 601-700601-700
Wenzhou University 601-700 701-800 -
Yanshan University 601-700 801-900 801-900
Air Force Medical University 701-800 801-900 701-800
Army Medical University 701-800 701-800 601-700
Beijing Forestry University 701-800 801-900 801-900
Changsha University of Science and Technology 701-800 701-800 701-800
Donghua University 701-800 701-800 601-700
Foshan University 701-800 901-1000 801-900
Hebei University of Technology 701-800 801-900 801-900
Heilongjiang University 701-800 - -
North China Electric Power University 701-800 701-800 701-800
Qufu Normal University 701-800 701-800 701-800
Shandong First Medical University 701-800 801-900 901-1000
Shantou University 701-800 801-900 801-900
Shanxi University701-800 601-700601-700
Sichuan Agricultural University 701-800 801-900 801-900
Taiyuan University of Technology 701-800 701-800 501-600
University of Jinan701-800 801-900701-800
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 701-800 - -
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 701-800 801-900 -
Anhui University of Technology 801-900 801-900 901-1000
Chengdu University of Technology 801-900 - -
China Pharmaceutical University801-900 901-1000801-900
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 801-900 - -
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine 801-900 - -
Hangzhou Normal University 801-900 - -
Hebei Medical University 801-900 901-1000 901-1000
Hunan Agricultural University 801-900 901-1000 -
Liaocheng University 801-900 901-1000 -
Liaoning University of Technology 801-900 - 901-1000
Northeast Agricultural University 801-900 701-800 901-1000
Northeast Forestry University - China 801-900 - -
Northeast Normal University 801-900 901-1000 901-1000
Qilu University of Technology 801-900 901-1000 901-1000
Qingdao University of Science and Technology 801-900 901-1000 801-900
Shanghai Normal University 801-900 901-1000 901-1000
Shanghai Ocean University 801-900 - -
Southwest Petroleum University 801-900 901-1000 901-1000
Suzhou University of Science and Technology 801-900 - -
Education University of Hong Kong 801-900 801-900 801-900
Tianjin University of Technology 801-900 901-1000 -
University of South China 801-900 - -
Wuhan University of Science and Technology801-900 -901-1000
Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology 801-900 - -
Beijing Technology and Business University 901-1000 - -
Chengdu University 901-1000 - -
China Three Gorges University 901-1000 - 901-1000
Dalian Medical University 901-1000 - 901-1000
Dalian Polytechnic University901-1000 --
Guangdong University of Foreign Studies 901-1000 901-1000 -
Guangxi Medical University 901-1000 - -
Hebei University 901-1000 - -
Henan University of Science and Technology 901-1000 - -
Huaqiao University 901-1000 901-1000 -
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology 901-1000 - -
Shandong University of Finance and Economics 901-1000 - -
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics 901-1000 701-800 701-800
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 901-1000 - -
Shanxi Medical University 901-1000 - -
Shihezi University 901-1000 - -
Xiangtan University 901-1000 - -
Xinjiang University 901-1000 - -
Xuzhou Medical College 901-1000 - -
Yangtze University901-1000 --
Zhongnan University of Economics and Law 901-1000 - -
Hunan University of Technology - 901-1000 -
Southwest University of Science and Technology- 801-900-
China West Normal University - 901-1000 -
Yantai University- 901-1000 901-1000

University Ranking By Academic Performance (URAP)

A complete ranking of 485 Chinese universities, including in the top 3,000 universities worldwide, can be found through the external link according to the University Ranking by Academic Performance 2020-2021.[42]

World Ranking[note 1]
Institution 2020-2021[42]
Tsinghua University 12
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 18
Zhejiang University 20
Peking University 21
Sun Yat-sen University 48
Huazhong University of Science and Technology 49
Fudan University 54
University of Science and Technology of China 63
Central South University 68
Xi'an Jiaotong University 70
Nanjing University 73
Harbin Institute of Technology 74
Wuhan University 85
Sichuan University 86
Shandong University 96
Jilin University 106
Tianjin University 109
Tongji University 113
South China University of Technology 114
Southeast University - China 115
Suzhou University 139
Beihang University 149
Dalian University of Technology 155
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 166
Xiamen University 174
Chongqing University 184
Northwestern Polytechnical University 187
Hunan University 193
Beijing Institute of Technology 204
Zhengzhou University 205
China University of Geosciences (Beijing) 207
Nankai University 208
Beijing Normal University 223
Shenzhen University 228
University of Science and Technology Beijing 242
China University of Petroleum 247
Capital Medical University 265
Lanzhou University 274
Nanjing Medical University 276
Wuhan University of Technology 283
Shanghai University 286
Jiangsu University 300
Nanjing University of Science and Technology 301
China University of Mining and Technology 310
East China University of Science and Technology 311
Northeastern University - China 314
East China Normal University 326
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 330
Northwest A&F University - China 339
Xidian University 345
Beijing University of Chemical Technology 347
Southwest University - China 348
Jinan University 354
Nanjing Agricultural University 365
Jiangnan University 371
Nanjing Tech University 377
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 381
Southern Medical University - China 398
Huazhong Agricultural University 402
Beijing Jiaotong University 406
Southwest Jiaotong University 416
Nanchang University 418
Fuzhou University 425
Hefei University of Technology 428
Qingdao University 432
North China Electric Power University 433
Ocean University of China 440
Zhejiang University of Technology 441
Hohai University 447
Donghua University 461
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 462
National University of Defense Technology - China 463
Shandong University of Science and Technology 464
Beijing University of Technology 480
Yangzhou University 481
Harbin Engineering University 491
Wenzhou Medical University 497
Southern University of Science and Technology 499
Guangdong University of Technology 505
Nanjing Normal University 506
Tianjin Medical University 508
Northwest University Xi'an 513
University of Jinan 539
South China Agricultural University 541
Shaanxi Normal University 542
China Medical University 545
South China Normal University 552
Guangzhou Medical University 561
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 562
Taiyuan University of Technology 571
Ningbo University 575
Harbin Medical University 582
Shanxi University 591
Henan University 612
China Pharmaceutical University 615
Guangxi University 621
Northeast Normal University - China 627
Kunming University of Science and Technology 638
Guangzhou University 652
Qingdao University of Science and Technology 655
Beijing Forestry University 657
Nanjing Forestry University 670
Yanshan University 683
Anhui University 687
Shandong Normal University 692
Hangzhou Dianzi University 695
Anhui Medical University 697
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 703
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University 708
ShanghaiTech University 714
Renmin University of China 718
Nantong University 736
Xiangtan University 744
Southwest Petroleum University 761
Zhejiang Normal University 764
Chang'an University 772
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 776
Qufu Normal University 782
Henan Normal University 791
Sichuan Agricultural University 796
Hunan Normal University 806
Fujian Medical University 826
Yunnan University 831
Wuhan University of Science and Technology 837
Hangzhou Normal University 838
Hubei University 839
Hebei University of Technology 841
Tiangong University 842
Dalian Medical University 847
Qilu University of Technology 849
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology 851
Capital Normal University 852
Changzhou University 859
Xi'an University of Technology 862
Fujian Normal University 867
Shantou University 869
Jiangsu Normal University 882
Northeast Forestry University - China 895
Guizhou University 900
Southwest University of Science and Technology - China 913
Tianjin University of Technology 917
Northeast Agricultural University - China 920
Huaqiao University 925
Shandong Agricultural University 927
Wuhan Institute of Technology 928
Shanghai Normal University 932
Dalian Maritime University 935
Guangxi Medical University 961
Hainan University 962
Henan Polytechnic University 969
Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 972
Henan University of Science and Technology 977
Hebei Medical University 982
Tianjin University Science and Technology 991
Jiangxi Normal University 1000
Hunan Agricultural University 1009
Hebei University 1023
Xuzhou Medical College 1027
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 1029
China Jiliang University 1032
Shaanxi University of Science and Technology 1037
Lanzhou University of Technology 1041
Guilin University of Electronic Technology 1042
Northwest Normal University - China 1048
North University of China 1057
Zhejiang A & F University 1062
Wenzhou University 1071
Xinjiang University 1079
Heilongjiang University 1084
Shanghai Ocean University 1095
Hunan University of Science and Technology 1102
China Three Gorges University 1121
Liaocheng University 1122
Shihezi University 1123
Shanghai Maritime University 1129
Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology 1130
Yangtze University 1132
Chengdu University of Technology 1159
Guangxi Normal University 1162
Anhui University of Technology 1170
Qingdao Agricultural University 1173
Anhui Normal University 1174
Anhui Agricultural University 1181
Kunming Medical University 1189
University of South China 1195
Beijing Technology and Business University 1203
North China University of Science and Technology 1211
Shanxi Medical University 1213
Bohai University 1214
Zhejiang Gongshang University 1241
Shandong University of Technology 1246
South Central University for Nationalities 1271
Tianjin Normal University 1279
Harbin University of Science and Technology 1290
Shanghai University of Electric Power 1297
Henan Agricultural University 1299
Guilin University of Technology 1310
Zhengzhou University of Light Industry 1313
Yantai University 1320
Shanghai University of Engineering Science 1322
Changchun University of Science and Technology 1323
Sichuan Normal University 1330
Henan University of Technology 1331
Guangdong Medical University 1340
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 1342
Chongqing Technology and Business University 1350
Inner Mongolia University 1357
Hubei University of Technology 1365
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics - China 1367
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 1368
Dongguan University of Technology 1370
Nanchang Hangkong University 1377
Xinxiang Medical University 1396
Xi'an University of Science and Technology 1397
Southwest Medical University 1400
Central South University of Forestry and Technology 1401
Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 1405
Shenyang Agricultural University 1410
Liaoning University 1423
Shanghai Institute of Technology 1439
China West Normal University 1440
Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 1447
Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 1449
Jilin Agricultural University 1459
Hunan University of Technology 1466
Xinjiang Medical University 1469
University of Nottingham Ningbo China 1479
Hebei Normal University 1484
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics 1491
Chengdu University of Information Technology 1505
Chongqing Normal University 1512
Jiaxing University 1520
Wuhan Textile University 1528
Linyi University 1530
Ludong University 1552
Hebei Agricultural University 1554
Suzhou University of Science and Technology 1559
Guizhou Medical University 1561
Foshan University 1563
Harbin Normal University 1566
Yunnan Normal University 1568
Ningxia Medical University 1575
Qingdao University of Technology 1586
Lanzhou Jiaotong University 1588
East China Jiaotong University 1591
Yancheng Institute of Technology 1592
Xinyang Normal University 1594
Yanbian University 1601
East China University of Technology 1606
Dalian Polytechnic University 1608
Anhui University of Science and Technology 1613
Chongqing University of Technology 1614
Shaoxing University 1629
Jiangxi Agricultural University 1630
Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics 1631
Huzhou University 1634
Northeast Petroleum University 1635
Central University of Finance and Economics 1642
Binzhou Medical University 1654
Zunyi Medical University 1666
Zhejiang Ocean University 1673
Ningxia University 1675
Qinghai University 1682
Sichuan University of Science and Engineering 1684
Nanyang Normal University 1693
Liaoning Normal University 1698
Taiyuan University of Science and Technology 1711
Xiamen University of Technology 1714
Shenyang University of Technology 1716
Chongqing Jiaotong University 1718
Hebei University of Science and Technology 1724
Xihua University 1730
Jimei University 1742
Huaiyin Normal University 1750
University Science and Technology Liaoning 1751
Changchun Institute of Technology 1752
Jilin Normal University 1754
Zhongnan University of Economics and Law 1756
Nanjing University of Finance and Economics 1757
Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture 1764
Duke Kunshan University 1765
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University 1769
Taizhou University 1781
Xi'an Technological University 1787
Hubei University of Medicine 1792
Jianghan University 1796
Xi'an Medical University 1799
Guangdong Ocean University 1802
Chengdu University 1805
Wuhan Polytechnic University 1810
University of International Business and Economics 1813
Shanxi Normal University 1814
Minzu University of China 1826
Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics 1836
Weifang Medical University 1840
Dalian University 1841
Hebei University of Engineering 1843
Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1847
Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences 1850
Gansu Agricultural University 1859
Luoyang Normal University 1866
Southwest Minzu University - China 1875
Civil Aviation University of China 1887
Northeast Electric Power University 1891
Huaibei Normal University 1892
Huaiyin Institute of Technology 1908
Shandong Jianzhu University 1913
Jinzhou Medical University 1914
Liaoning University of Technology 1917
North China University of Technology 1919
Xi'an Shiyou University 1920
Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications 1924
Yunnan Agricultural University 1929
Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University 1930
Shanxi Agricultural University 1931
Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology 1959
Bengbu Medical College 1960
Shenyang Aerospace University 1962
Liaoning Shihua University 1963
Shandong University of Finance and Economics 1964
Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute 1965
Hunan University of Chinese Medicine 1973
Tianjin Chengjian University 1982
Dongbei University of Finance and Economics 1990
Inner Mongolia University of Technology 1992
Minjiang University 2005

WURI Global Top 100 Innovative Universities Rankings

Global Ranking[note 1]
Institution 2021[43] 2022[44]
Tsinghua University1415
Peking University2831
Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business3334
Beijing Normal University 3637
Beijing Technology and Business University6376
Dalian Neusoft University of Information9791
University of International Business and Economics101-200101-200
Huazhong University of Science and Technology-101-200
Hupan University101-200201-300
Southern University of Science and Technology-201-300
Xi'an Jiaotong University-201-300
Beijing Institute of Technology201-300201-300
Zhejiang University-201-300
Xinyang Vocational and Technical College-201-300
Fudan University-201-300
Tianjin University-201-300
China Europe International Business School201-300201-300
Harbin Institute of Technology-201-300
Nankai University-201-300
Tongji University-201-300
Wuhan University-201-300
Nanjing University-201-300
Shanghai Jiao Tong University-201-300
Sun Yat-sen University-201-300
University of Science and Technology of China-201-300

CSRankings: Computer Science Rankings

National Ranking[note 2]
Institution 2022[45] 2023[46]
Tsinghua University11
Peking University22
Shanghai Jiao Tong University33
Zhejiang University44
Nanjing University66
Fudan University77
University of Science and Technology of China98
Renmin University of China88
Harbin Institute of Technology910
Beihang University1011

AIRankings: AI Institute and Author Rankings by Publications

National Ranking[note 2]
Institution 2022[47] 2023[48]
Peking University11
Tsinghua University22
Zhejiang University34
Chinese University of Hong Kong55
Shanghai Jiao Tong University76
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology67
Nanjing University88
Fudan University99
Sun Yat-sen University1010

Opinion-based rankings

A number of international publications formulate their rankings using the weighted average of opinions gathered in surveys, including the QS World University Rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the U.S. News and World Report Best Global University Ranking.

QS World University Rankings

World Ranking[note 1]
Institution 2024[49]
Peking University 17
Tsinghua University 25
Zhejiang University =44
Fudan University 50
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 51
University of Science and Technology of China =137
Nanjing University =141
Wuhan University 194
Tongji University 216
Harbin Institute of Technology =256
Beijing Normal University =272
Huazhong University of Science and Technology 275
Tianjin University =285
Xi'an Jiaotong University 291
Southern University of Science and Technology 301
Sun Yat Sen University =323
Beijing Institute of Technology =340
Sichuan University =355
Shandong University =360
Nankai University =384
South China University of Technology =392
Xiamen University =392
University of Science and Technology Beijing =436
Central South University =452
Southeast University =454
Beihang University =473
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China =486
Dalian University of Technology =491
Hunan University =494
Jilin University =502
East China Normal University =511
Shanghai University =514
China Agricultural University =534
Renmin University of China =556
Chongqing University =561
Shenzhen University =595
Nanjing University of Science and Technology =600
Northwestern Polytechnical University 621-630
Zhengzhou University 621-630
Jinan University 631-640
East China University of Science and Technology 681-690
Soochow University 681-690
China University of Petroleum, Beijing 711-720
Beijing University of Chemical Technology 721-730
China University of Mining and Technology 781-790
Nanjing Agricultural University 781-790
Lanzhou University 791-800
Beijing University of Technology 801-850
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) 801-850
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 801-850
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 851-900
Huazhong Agricultural University 851-900
Wuhan University of Technology 851-900
Beijing Jiaotong University 901-950
Donghua University 901-950
Ocean University of China 901-950
Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University 951-1000
Beijing Foreign Studies University 1001-1200
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine 1001-1200
Harbin Engineering University 1001-1200
Jiangnan University 1001-1200
Nanjing Normal University 1001-1200
Northwest University 1001-1200
Shanghai International Studies University 1001-1200
Southwest University 1001-1200
Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 1001-1200
China University of Political Science and Law 1201-1400
Hohai University 1201-1400
Shanghai Normal University 1201-1400
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics 1201-1400
University of International Business and Economics 1201-1400

Times Higher Education World University Rankings

World Ranking[note 1]
Institution 2024[50]
Tsinghua University 12
Peking University 14
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 43
Fudan University 44
Zhejiang University =55
University of Science and Technology of China 57
Nanjing University 73
Sichuan University =150
Huazhong University of Science and Technology 158
Wuhan University 164
Harbin Institute of Technology =168
Beijing Normal University =177
Tongji University =185
Sun Yat Sen University 201-250
Southern University of Science and Technology 201-250
Tianjin University 201-250
Beijing Institute of Technology 251-300
Nankai University 251-300
South China University of Technology 251-300
Xi'an Jiaotong University 251-300
Beihang University 301-350
East China Normal University 301-350
Northwestern Polytechnical University 301-350
Southeast University 301-350
Xiamen University 301-350
Hunan University 351-400
Chongqing University 351-400
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 351-400
Shenzhen University 351-400
Southern Medical University 351-400
Dalian University of Technology 401-500
China University of Petroleum, Beijing 501-600
Donghua University 501-600
Jinan University 501-600
Shanghai University 501-600
Soochow University 501-600
Yangzhou University 501-600
Capital Medical University 601-800
East China University of Science and Technology 601-800
Guangdong University of Technology 601-800
Jiangsu University 601-800
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 601-800
Nanjing Forestry University 601-800
Nanjing Tech University 601-800
Northeastern University 601-800
Qingdao University 601-800
South China Normal University 601-800
Xi‘an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 601-800
Xidian University 601-800
Zhejiang Normal University 601-800
Zhengzhou University 601-800
Changsha University of Science and Technology 801-1000
Chengdu University 801-1000
China University of Petroleum (East China) 801-1000
Fuzhou University 801-1000
Guangzhou University 801-1000
Guangzhou Medical University 801-1000
Harbin Engineering University 801-1000
Jiangnan University 801-1000
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 801-1000
Nanjing Medical University 801-1000
Nanjing Normal University 801-1000
North China Electric Power University 801-1000
Northeast Normal University 801-1000
Shantou University 801-1000
Wenzhou University 801-1000
Wenzhou Medical University 801-1000
Zhejiang Gongshang University 801-1000
China Pharmaceutical University 1001-1200
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University 1001-1200
Huaqiao University 1001-1200
Northwest University 1001-1200
Shanghai Maritime University 1001-1200
Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics 1001-1200
Jiangsu Normal University 1201-1500
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 1201-1500
University of South China 1201-1500
Southwest Petroleum University 1201-1500
Wuhan Textile University 1201-1500
Xiangtan University 1201-1500
Xuzhou Medical University 1201-1500
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 1201-1500
Communication University of China 1500+
Jianghan University 1500+
Sichuan University of Science and Engineering 1500+
Yanshan University 1500+

Times Higher Education Most International Universities Ranking

World Ranking[note 1]
Institution 2022[51]
Peking University123
Zhejiang University133
Tongji University138
East China Normal University140
Nanjing University150
Tsinghua University152
Fudan University159
Shanghai Jiao Tong University161
Beijing Normal University168
Xi’an Jiaotong University181
Wuhan University182
Tianjin University184
Sichuan University187
Harbin Institute of Technology188
Sun Yat-sen University189
University of Science and Technology of China190
Huazhong University of Science and Technology191
Central South University193

US News Best Global Universities Ranking

World Ranking[note 1]
Institution2022[52]
Tsinghua University26
Peking University45
Shanghai Jiao Tong University105
University of Science and Technology of China110
Zhejiang University115
Nanjing University135
Fudan University141
Sun Yat Sen University159
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 159
Huazhong University of Science and Technology176
Hunan University 195
Harbin Institute of Technology203
Wuhan University 209
Tongji University 224
Central South University 236
South China University of Technology 250
Southeast University 255
Xi'an Jiaotong University 255
Beihang University 266
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 272
Xiamen University 278
Nankai University 289
Beijing Normal University 295
Tianjin University 308
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) 314
Shenzhen University 327
Soochow University 327
Southern University of Science and Technology 350
Sichuan University 354
Beijing Institute of Technology 361
East China Normal University 371
Wuhan University of Technology 371
China Agricultural University 379
Dalian University of Technology 387
Shandong University 399
Shandong University of Science and Technology 405
Northwestern Polytechnical University 425
Chongqing University 448
Jilin University 448
Shanghai University 456
University of Science and Technology Beijing 464
Beijing University of Chemical Technology 473
Central China Normal University 484
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 484
ShanghaiTech University 495
Zhengzhou University 510
China University of Petroleum 516
Renmin University of China 525
Huazhong Agricultural University 531
Nanjing Agricultural University 531
Nanjing University of Science and Technology 537
Changsha University of Science and Technology 548
Lanzhou University 559
China University of Mining and Technology 577
Beijing Jiaotong University 596
Northwest A&F University 613
Fuzhou University 619
Guangzhou University 619
Nanjing University of Technology 624
East China University of Science and Technology 625
Jiangnan University 647
Northeastern University-China 668
Jinan University 681
Hohai University 684
Zhejiang Normal University 696
Beijing University of Technology 701
Southwest Jiaotong University 701
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 712
Ocean University of China 720
Xidian University 729
South China Agricultural University 738
Donghua University 744
Peking Union Medical College 744
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 760
Harbin Engineering University 760
Southwest University 760
Nanchang University 771
Shandong Normal University 771
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University 788
Hefei University of Technology 790
Zhejiang University of Technology 790
Guangdong University of Technology 797
Nanjing Medical University 804
Qufu Normal University 809
North China Electric Power University 813
Northwest University, Xi'an 817
Nanjing Normal University 855
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics 890
Shanghai Normal University 895
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 899
Wuhan Institute of Technology 902
Southern Medical University 933
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 938
Jiangsu Normal University 940
Jiangsu University 940
Qingdao University 940
China Pharmaceutical University 954
Nanjing Forestry University 967
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics 967
National University of Defense Technology 983
Bohai University 988
Hunan University of Science and Technology 988
Beijing Forestry University 994
Chang'an University 994
Henan University 1007
Xiangtan University 1024
Capital Medical University 1029
South China Normal University 1029
Harbin Medical University 1035
Shanghai University of Electric Power 1050
Northeast Normal University 1068
China Medical University 1072
Fujian Normal University 1072
Yangzhou University 1091
Wuhan University of Science and Technology 1095
Hangzhou Normal University 1127
Hunan Agricultural University 1127
Tianjin Medical University 1127
Guangxi University 1132
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology 1141
Southwest University of Science and Technology 1141
Shanxi University 1145
University of Jinan 1149
Hangzhou Dianzi University 1157
Yunnan University 1157
Shaanxi Normal University 1175
Sichuan Agricultural University 1180
Anhui University 1184
Xi'an University of Science and Technology 1198
Tianjin University of Technology 1202
Hainan University 1211
Shandong Agricultural University 1219
Shanghai Maritime University 1225
Hubei University 1230
Third Military Medical University 1233
Zhejiang A & F University 1199
Zhejiang Gongshang University 1247
Guangzhou Medical University 1251
Northeast Agricultural University 1254
Qingdao University of Science and Technology 1254
Zhejiang A & F University 1254
Kunming University of Science and Technology 1270
Qingdao University of Technology 1270
Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 1292
Sichuan Normal University 1301
Xi'an University of Technology 1304
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1306
Ningbo University 1319
Capital Normal University 1339
Hubei University of Technology 1344
Wenzhou Medical University 1344
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 1350
Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine 1350
Huzhou University 1353
Southwest Petroleum University 1353
Tianjin Polytechnic University 1358
Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology 1358
Yanshan University 1358
Dongguan University of Technology 1385
Second Military Medical University 1385
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1390
Shantou University 1390
Fourth Military Medical University 1396
Wenzhou University 1401
Guizhou University 1408
Central University of Finance and Economics 1418
Anhui University of Technology 1429
Central South University of Forestry and Technology 1429
Nantong University 1429
Dalian Maritime University 1434
Linyi University 1434
Taiyuan University of Technology 1434
Changzhou University 1440
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine 1452
Huaqiao University 1452
Hunan Normal University 1452
Xinjiang University 1452
Anhui Agricultural University 1460
Anhui Medical University 1460
Henan University of Science and Technology 1460
Dalian Medical University 1470
Jiangxi Normal University 1492
Tianjin University of Science and Technology 1497
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine 1501
Shanghai Ocean University 1501
Foshan University 1506
Shandong University of Technology 1506
Chongqing Medical University 1519
North China University of Science and Technology 1519
Anhui Normal University 1531
Chengdu University of Technology 1531
Beijing Technology and Business University 1534
Henan Normal University 1534
Yantai University 1540
Harbin University of Science and Technology 1552
Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 1554
Inner Mongolia University 1562
China Three Gorges University 1565
Liaocheng University 1565
Qilu University of Technology 1573
Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 1579
Northeast Forestry University 1582
Shaanxi University of Science and Technology 1587
Heilongjiang University 1594
Henan Polytechnic University 1597
Qingdao Agricultural University 1601
Guilin University of Electronic Technology 1607
Guangxi Normal University 1614
Shaoxing University 1614
Hebei University of Technology 1618
Wuhan Textile University 1618
Anhui University of Science and Technology 1623
Chongqing Normal University 1626
Shenyang Agricultural University 1626
Zhengzhou University of Light Industry 1633
Lanzhou University of Technology 1637
Yunnan Normal University 1640
Suzhou University of Science and Technology 1642
Yangtze University 1642
Liaoning University 1647
Henan University of Technology 1654
Yanbian University 1654
China Jiliang University 1659
Guangdong Ocean University 1659
Nanchang Hangkong University 1659
Chongqing University of Technology 1667
South Central University for Nationalities 1676
Henan Agricultural University 1681
Tianjin Normal University 1681
Hebei University 1688
University of South China 1691
North University of China 1692
Hebei Agricultural University 1694
Northwest Normal University 1694
Taiyuan University of Science and Technology 1694
Guangxi Medical University 1698
Southwest Medical University 1702
Guilin University of Technology 1706
Fujian Medical University 1711
Xihua University 1711
Lanzhou Jiaotong University 1716
Shanghai University of Engineering Science 1718
Guangdong Medical University 1721
Xinyang Normal University 1723
Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 1725
Xuzhou Medical College 1725
Guizhou Medical University 1728
Jimei University 1730
Kunming Medical University 1733
Shanxi Medical University 1733
Ludong University 1737
Xinxiang Medical University 1737
Changchun University of Science and Technology 1742
Zhejiang Ocean University 1742

Other Global Rankings

Other international rankings:

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Order shown in accordance with the latest result.
  2. 1 2 Only displays Top 10 and orders shown in accordance with the latest result.

References

  1. ↑ "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020 Press Release". www.shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-29. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  2. ↑ "U.S. News Unveils 2021 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  3. ↑ "Media | CWUR | Center for World University Rankings". cwur.org. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  4. ↑ "Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities 2020 by Countries". nturanking.csti.tw. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
  5. ↑ "The Three University Missions Ranking 2020". The Three University Missions. Retrieved 2021-05-08.
  6. ↑ "全国高等学校名单 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  7. ↑ "China to develop 42 world-class universities". People's Daily. 21 September 2017.
  8. ↑ "国家教育部:反对各种机构对大学进行综合性排名_新闻中心_新浪网". news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
  9. 1 2 "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities 2023 Press Release". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  10. 1 2 "U.S. News Unveils 2022-2023 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  11. ↑ "URAP - University Ranking by Academic Academic Performance". urapcenter.org. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  12. ↑ "The CWTS Leiden Ranking 2023". www.leidenmadtrics.nl. 2023-06-21. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  13. ↑ "University Rankings - China 2023". www.scimagoir.com. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  14. ↑ "The CWTS Leiden Ranking 2023". www.leidenmadtrics.nl. 2023-06-21. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  15. ↑ "URAP - University Ranking by Academic Academic Performance Ranking_2023-2024". urapcenter.org. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  16. ↑ "University Rankings - China 2021". www.scimagoir.com. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
  17. ↑ "China | Ranking Web of Universities: Webometrics ranks 30000 institutions". www.webometrics.info. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  18. ↑ "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  19. ↑ "World University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  20. ↑ "Country Analysis | Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities 2023". research.unsw.edu.au. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
  21. ↑ "QS University Rankings: BRICS 2019". Top Universities. 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  22. ↑ "Emerging Economies". Times Higher Education (THE). 2020-01-22. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  23. ↑ "QS University Rankings: Asia 2021". Top Universities. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  24. 1 2 "ShanghaiRanking-Univiersities". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  25. 1 2 "World University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  26. ↑ ROBINSON, BIN W. U. AND BERNADETTE (2015), Wu, Bin; Morgan, W. John (eds.), "Social justice through financial distribution at China's universities: a student survey in Shaanxi Province", Chinese Higher Education Reform and Social Justice, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9781315884691, ISBN 9781134650187, S2CID 59247460, archived from the original on April 26, 2022, retrieved 2022-04-26
  27. ↑ Liu, Ye (2016-10-08). The Gaokao as a Meritocratic Selection?. In: Higher Education, Meritocracy and Inequality in China. Higher Education in Asia: Quality, Excellence and Governance. Springer. p. 88. ISBN 978-981-10-1588-5.
  28. ↑ "Higher education making steady progress". global.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on October 30, 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
  29. ↑ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2021". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  30. ↑ "2021 USNEWS Best Global Universities in China". Archived from the original on October 29, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  31. ↑ "ShanghaiRanking's Best Chinese Universities Ranking". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  32. ↑ "US News Best Global Universities in Beijing". US News. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  33. ↑ "ShanghaiRanking's Best Chinese Universities Ranking". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  34. ↑ 盘点1987-2005中国大学排行榜 (Summarily Counting 1987-2005 Chinese university rankings)
  35. 1 2 "1989中国第1个大学排行榜，清华南大分列榜首-搜狐". mt.sohu.com. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  36. ↑ "Official site displaying only the 2013 version". Archived from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  37. ↑ Kai Yu; Andrea Lynn Stith; Li Liu; Huizhong Chen (24 March 2012). Tertiary Education at a Glance: China: China. Springer. ISBN 9789460917462.
  38. ↑ "About Us". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  39. ↑ "ARWU World (2023)".
  40. ↑ "2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Shanghai Ranking's Academic Ranking of World Universities.
  41. ↑ "ARWU World (2021)".
  42. 1 2 "URAP - University Ranking by Academic Academic Performance 2020-2021". www.urapcenter.org. 2020-12-03. Archived from the original on 2020-12-06. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  43. ↑ "WURI Global Top 100 Innovative Universities Rankings 2021".
  44. ↑ "WURI Global Top 100 Innovative Universities Rankings 2022".
  45. ↑ Berger, Emery D. (2020). "CSRankings: Computer Science Rankings 2022".
  46. ↑ Berger, Emery D. (2020). "CSRankings: Computer Science Rankings 2023".
  47. ↑ "CSRankings: Computer Science Rankings 2022".
  48. ↑ "CSRankings: Computer Science Rankings 2023".
  49. ↑ "QS World University Rankings 2024". Top Universities. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  50. ↑ "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education (THE). 2023-09-27. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  51. ↑ "Times Higher Education Most International Universities Ranking 2022". 25 January 2023.
  52. ↑ "2022 US NEWS Best Global Universities in China". U.S. News & World Report. 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  53. ↑ "China | Ranking Web of Universities: Webometrics ranks 30000 institutions". www.webometrics.info. Retrieved 2022-07-24.
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