The undercut is a hairstyle that was fashionable from the 1910s to the 1940s, predominantly among men, and saw a steadily growing revival in the 1980s before becoming fully fashionable again in the 2010s. Typically, the hair on the top of the head is long and is often parted on either the side or center, while the back and sides are buzzed very short.[1] It is closely related to the curtained hair of the mid-to-late 1990s, although those with undercuts during the 2010s tended to slick back the bangs away from the face.

Origins

Wehrmacht soldiers with undercuts in 1942

The "undercut" hairstyle can be dated back to the days of Vikings; however, this style shaved the back of the head with long bangs, not the sides. The purpose was to cool the neck and keep the sun out of the eyes, with the neck also shaven while maintaining a pointy beard on the top. Some Native Americans wore a similar style. Ukrainian oseledets are a variation on this style.

Historically, the undercut has been associated with poverty and inability to afford a barber competent enough to blend in the sides, as on a short back and sides haircut. From the turn of the 20th century until the 1920s, the undercut was popular among young working-class men, especially members of street gangs. In interwar Glasgow, the Neds (precursors to the Teddy Boys) favored a haircut that was long on top and cropped at the back and sides. Despite the fire risk, much paraffin wax was used to keep the hair in place.[2] Other gangs who favored this haircut were the Scuttlers of Manchester and the Peaky Blinders of Birmingham, because longer hair put the wearer at a disadvantage in a street fight.[3]

During the jazz age of the 1920s and 1930s, hairstyles of this type were considered mainstream fashion.[4] Military barbers of the World War I era gave short back and sides haircuts as fast as possible because of the numbers, under orders to facilitate personal hygiene in trench warfare, and as nearly uniform as possible, with an eye to appearance on parade. This made the short back and sides style the norm in the UK after 1918, and its variant the brush cut became common in North America and France.[5] In Nazi Germany, a version of this haircut which was long on top but shaved at the back and sides was popular among Wehrmacht soldiers.[6][7] The undercut remained common in the UK and America until the 1960s, when longer hair such as the wings haircut was popularised by the mod subculture and British Invasion bands such as The Beatles and The Rolling Stones.

Revival

Macklemore with an undercut in 2016

Beginning in the late 1980s, centrally parted undercuts derived from the bowl cut made a comeback among fans of new wave, synthpop, and electronic music as an alternative to the mullets and backcombed hair of glam metal bands.[7] A collar-length version of the bowl cut, known as curtained hair, went mainstream in the early 1990s and was worn by many celebrities, most notably Tom Cruise.[8] Another variant, with a floppy permed fringe, was known as the "meet me at McDonald's haircut" due to its perceived popularity among young teenagers in the UK who socialise in and around McDonald's restaurants.[9]

Curtained hair and undercuts went out of style in the early 2000s, but underwent a revival in the early 2010s among hipsters and skaters who imitated the 1930s and 1940s version: longer with pomade in or swept to one side on top and shaved or clipped at the sides.[7] At the time, although the style had many different names, the most controversial were the "Hitler Youth",[1][7][10] "Jugend",[11] and "fasci".[12] Some of the most high-profile early adopters of this haircut included Macklemore,[13] Kim Jong Un,[14] David Beckham, and Win Butler.[1]

During the late 2000s and early 2010s, undercuts were often associated with villainous movie characters such as Hannibal Lecter in Hannibal Rising, Johnny Depp's portrayal of gangster John Dillinger in Public Enemies, Jared Leto as The Joker in Suicide Squad, Guy Pearce in Lawless, and various German officers in war films.[15] Characters from television series such as Jimmy Darmody on HBO's Boardwalk Empire and various characters from the BBC series Peaky Blinders were also associated with the undercut. By 2014, the haircut had become relatively mainstream in the UK and was worn by people not normally associated with the indie scene, such as reality television stars from shows like The Only Way Is Essex.[16]

During the late 2010s, the American and Israeli press associated the undercut with alt-right agitators such as the American white supremacist Richard Spencer or the British far-right and anti-Islam activist Stephen Yaxley-Lennon (Tommy Robinson)[17] and with neofascist supporters seeking a less intimidating alternative to the buzzcut.[18][19]

In some Muslim-majority countries such as Saudi Arabia,[20] the undercut is considered controversial and in breach of Islamic teachings governing hairstyles.[21] According to the Ḥadīth literature, the Islamic prophet Muhammad forbade traditional Pagan Arab haircuts that were long on top but shaved on the sides as makruh.[22][23]

In the early 2020s, the middle parted undercut is coming back due to the e-boy subculture on the social media network TikTok. Although, in the UK, middle parted undercuts (curtains) have been popular in the Irish Traveller community for years.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Douglas, Joanna (17 November 2011). "'Hitler Youth' Haircut Gaining Popularity". Yahoo! Shine. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  2. ↑ Christie, Stuart (2002). My Granny Made Me an Anarchist. Oil & Gas USSR. pp. 87–88. ISBN 1-873976-14-3.
  3. ↑ Davies, Andrew (1998). "Youth gangs, masculinity and violence in late Victorian Manchester and Salford". Journal of Social History. 32 (2): 349–369. doi:10.1353/jsh/32.2.349. JSTOR 3789665.
  4. ↑ "CFCA - Hitler Youth haircuts becoming very popular in New York City". 27 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  5. ↑ "A bloke writes: The barber, my father and a short back and sides | the Independent". Independent.co.uk. 8 August 1998. Archived from the original on 2018-06-13. Retrieved 2018-06-12.
  6. ↑ "WWII German haircut". Archived from the original on 2018-07-12. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Williams, Alex (15 November 2011). "A Haircut Returns From the 1930s". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  8. ↑ "Tom Cruise's Changing Looks". Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
  9. ↑ "Mcdonalds haircut banned". 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-06-21.
  10. ↑ Ramshield, Democrats (February 18, 2014). "Comeback of the Hitler Youth haircut worries Jewish and progressive groups fearing intolerance". Archived from the original on October 9, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2015 – via Daily Kos.
  11. ↑ "'Hitler Youth Hairdo' -Silly Fashion Statement or anti-Semitism?". 21 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2015-05-19. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
  12. ↑ Dvorak, Petula (December 12, 2016). "It's 4 a.m. at MGM. Do you know where your money is?". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2016-12-13. Retrieved 2016-12-13. There were a few hipsters with fasci haircuts and ZZ Top beards at the "Walking Dead" slot machines, drinking beers.
  13. ↑ Thurm, Eric (27 August 2015). "Macklemore is Back, and He Brought an Army of Mopeds". Paper. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  14. ↑ "10 Things You Think Make You Look Cool But Really Don't". Archived from the original on 2015-09-20. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
  15. ↑ "30 Cool and Fantastic Cristiano Ronaldo Haircut Styles". Ringmyfashion.com. 17 November 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  16. ↑ Dries, Kate (April 14, 2014). "Every Dude You Know Is Getting This Haircut". Archived from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2015 – via Jezebel.
  17. ↑ Christian, Scott (August 15, 2017). "This Wildly Popular Haircut Has a Serious Neo-Nazi Problem". Esquire. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
  18. ↑ Baharir, Ruth Perl (8 February 2017). "From hipster fad to neo-Nazi tagHow America's alt-right got its signature hairstyle". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  19. ↑ Hesse, Monica; Zak, Dan (November 30, 2016). "Does this haircut make me look like a Nazi?". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
  20. ↑ "Saudis arrested for forbidden haircuts". Archived from the original on 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  21. ↑ "AGL players told get haircuts or face bans". Archived from the original on 2018-08-13. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
  22. ↑ "Hairstyles forbidden by the Prophet". Archived from the original on 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  23. ↑ "Sahih Bukhari Volume 007, Book 072, Hadith Number 803". Archived from the original on 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
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