Bureau of Fisheries

Carrying several United States Government employees as passengers and a cargo of general supplies, United States Mail, and coal,^[3] and with a crew of 13 – her master, first officer, second officer, engineer, assistant engineer, radio operator, and mess attendant and six seamen^[3] – Eider departed Seattle on 26 October 1919 for her first voyage to the Pribilof Islands.^[3] The Pribilofs lacked mooring facilities for her or any harbors, and so the BOF stationed her at Unalaska on Unalaska Island in the Aleutian Islands – at 250 nautical miles (460 kilometres) away, the closest port to the Pribilofs.^[3] In addition to her voyages between Seattle, Unalaska, and the Pribilofs, Eider also transported passengers and supplies between the two main islands in the Pribilofs – Saint Paul Island and St. George Island – and to and between other communities on islands in the Aleutians and the Bering Sea.^[3]

Eider made one of her voyages to the Pribilofs in January 1920, an impressive feat in an era when few vessels attempted to operate in the Bering Sea during the hazardous winter months.^[3] In April 1920, she transported 1,312 sealskins and 938 fox skins from the Pribilofs to Unalaska, where they were loaded aboard the commercial steamer SS Victoria for transportation to Seattle.^[3] Outbreaks of smallpox forced health authorities to place her in quarantine at Unalaska on 18 October 1920 and again on 10 November 1920,^[3] but by then Eider had made 11 round trips between Unalaska and the Pribilof Islands and two voyages to King Cove on the southwestern tip of the Alaska Peninsula and had logged nearly 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 kilometres).^[3] On 28 November 1920, she left Unalaska to undergo repairs at Kodiak on Kodiak Island, and during her return voyage to Unalaska at the end of 1920 received word that the mail boat Pulitzer was missing near Chignik, Alaska;^[3] after searching for Pulitzer and finding her disabled and in distress, Eider took her crew, passengers, and mail aboard and transported them southwestward to Unga and Unalaska.^[3]

For several weeks in the autumn of 1921, Eider underwent a major overhaul at Kodiak in which her hull was sheathed with ironbark, her deck railings were modified, the floor of her forecastle was raised, her rudder was reriveted, her main engine was overhauled, a new bilge pump was installed, and her cabins, companionway, bulkheads, and heads received additions and modifications and new lockers were installed.^[3] In December 1922, Eider came to the assistance of the vessel Lister, which had run ashore at Cape Makushin on Unalaska Island, 40 miles from Unalaska.^[3]

Eider arrives in port covered with ice.

On 24 March 1923, Eider arrived in Seattle to have her original gasoline engine replaced with a 140-horsepower (118-megawatt), 6-cylinder Atlas-Imperial solid-injection, reverse-gear diesel engine.^[3] Her new engine was more efficient and proved to be very reliable in the coming years, and with it Eider averaged 8.75 knots during the summer of 1923, an improvement over the 8 knots she could make with her old engine.^[3] Beginning in 1923, BOF employees embarked on Eider for several weeks each summer to inspect the salmon fisheries at various canneries and spawning streams; BOF employees who made these deployments aboard her included Dr. Charles H. Gilbert, Willis H. Rich, and Dennis Winn.^[3] Following a 1923 Executive Order, Eider began guarding the sea otters and migratory fur seal herds in the Territory of Alaska.^[3] During the winter of 1923–1924, she found and assisted the missing vessel Viking.^[3]

In 1924, Eider supported the first aerial circumnavigation of the world, achieved by United States Army Air Service aviators in four Douglas World Cruiser airplanes who took off from the naval air station at Sand Point in Seattle on 6 April 1924 and proceeded westward.^[3] The Soviet Union had prohibited the aircraft from landing on its soil, necessitating stops in the Territory of Alaska and Bering Sea area as the aircraft bypassed Soviet territory.^[3] Eider transported the advance personnel, supplies, gasoline, and lubricating oil needed to support the early stages of the trip to several locations in Alaska and the Bering Sea and provided the pilots with accommodations, meals, meteorological information, and moorings for the planes.^[3] Ultimately, two of the original airplanes completed the trip successfully by arriving at Seattle on 28 September 1924, 175 days after departing Naval Air Station Sand Point.^[3]

By the mid-1920s, Eider′s patrol duties had expanded to include the protection of salmon in Southwest Alaska.^[3] In 1925, a 12-horsepower (10.1-megawatt) Cummins auxiliary diesel engine was installed aboard her.^[3] That year, she suffered hull damage when she struck a rock in Wrangell Narrows between Mitkof Island and Kupreanof Island in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska.^[3]

In 1929, Eider′s patrol duties grew again to include protection of the Pacific halibut in the northern Pacific Ocean.^[3] She aided with the annual seal census in July 1929.^[3] In September 1929, she lost her rudder and skeg (an extension of her keel from her stern) when she struck a rocky reef off St. George Island in the Pribilofs during a storm in fog, and she had to be towed to Juneau, Alaska, for repairs.^[3]

In performing her Pribilof tender duties and other assignments between 1920 and 1929, Eider logged as many as 17,000 nautical miles (31,000 kilometres) a year.^[3] Exposure to harsh weather and ice had taken a toll on her, and by the late 1920s she required overhauls and major repairs at an ever-increasing rate.^[3] In 1928, the BOF suggested the construction of new Pribilof tender, larger and more powerful than Eider, for voyages in the Bering Sea,^[3] This ship, USFS Penguin, entered service in May 1930.^[5] With Penguin in commission and assuming duties as the BOF′s Pribilof tender, the BOF reassigned Eider to annual fisheries patrol duty in the more protected waters around Kodiak,^[3] although she also continued to transport passengers and supplies to various settlements and BOF stations in the Territory of Alaska.^[3]

In the spring of 1934, Eider began patrol work to protect fur seal herds migrating northward along the coast of Washington near Neah Bay. Between February and April 1936, she took part in a Works Progress Administration stream improvement project in the Territory of Alaska′s Juneau and Wrangell districts. In 1938, biologists embarked on Eider conducted a tagging experiment to measure the travel times of fish.^[3]

Fish and Wildlife Service (1940–1942)

In 1939, the Bureau of Fisheries was transferred from the United States Department of Commerce to the United States Department of the Interior,^[6] and on 30 June 1940, it merged with the Interior Department's Division of Biological Survey to form the new Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) as an element of the Interior Department.^[7] Via this reorganization, Eider became part of the fleet of the new FWS as US FWS Eider in 1940.^[3] She continued her operations in Alaskan waters.^[3]

On 24 October 1940, Eider struck a reef off Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada.^[3] Her hull sustained 14 feet (4.3 meters) of damage.^[3]

United States Navy and United States Coast Guard

The United States entered World War II on 7 December 1941, and in 1942 the U.S. Navy requisitioned Eider for war service, designated her as a yard patrol boat, and renamed her USS YP-198.^[3][8] As of 15 May 1942, YP-198 was assigned to the Thirteenth Naval District Inshore Patrol, based at the Northwestern Sector Section Base at Seattle.^[9] On 29 May 1942, the Navy transferred YP-198 to the United States Coast Guard,^[3] which converted her into a harbor fireboat.^[3]

After the conclusion of the war, the Coast Guard transferred YP-198 back to the Navy on 26 October 1945.^[3] The Navy, in turn, struck her from the Naval Register on 20 March 1946^[8] and transferred her back to the Fish and Wildlife Service.^[3]

Fish and Wildlife Service (1946–1949)

Once again known as US FWS Eider, the vessel returned to service in the Fish and Wildlife Service fleet. In October 1946, she transported a search party to Shuyak Island n the northern part of the Kodiak Archipelago in an unsuccessful attempt to locate a missing U.S. Navy enlisted man.^[3] At some point later in the 1940s, the FWS declared Eider to be surplus property.^[3]

United States Geological Survey

In January 1949 a United States Geological Survey (USGS) geologist, G. D. Robinson, acquired Eider for use in studying volcanos and geology in and around the Aleutian Islands.^[3] Eider provided USGS geologists conducting this research with their first dedicated transportation to and from the Aleutians since 1946.^[3] In 1951, her engine was replaced with a 500-horsepower General Motors diesel engine.^[3] She supported USGS research in the Aleutians until October 1954, when the USGS declared her to be surplus property.^[3]

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

In 1955, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands acquired Eider for use in providing support for medical and dental personnel in the Marshall Islands.^[3] At some point during this service, she became disabled and sank while under tow for repairs.^[3]

Footnotes

Bibliography

• Bruhn, David D. Battle Stars for the "Cactus Navy": America's Fishing Vessels and Yachts in World War II. Berwyn Heights, Maryland: Heritage Books 2014. ISBN 978-0-7884-5573-5