United States Army Futures Command
AFC's shoulder sleeve insignia[1]
Founded24 August 2018[2]
Country United States
Branch United States Army
TypeArmy command
Garrison/HQAustin, Texas
Motto(s)"Forge the future"[1]
Websitewww.army.mil/futures
Commanders
Commanding general[3]GEN James E. Rainey[4]
Deputy Commanding Generals[3]LTG Richard R. Coffman
LTG David M. Hodne[5]
Command Sergeant Major[3]CSM Brian A. Hester
Deputy to the Commander[3]SES William "Willie" Nelson[6]
Insignia
Distinctive unit insignia[1]
Beret flash

The United States Army Futures Command (AFC) is a United States Army command that runs modernization projects.[lower-alpha 1] It is headquartered in Austin, Texas.

The AFC began initial operations on 1 July 2018.[7] It was created as a peer of Forces Command (FORSCOM), Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), and Army Materiel Command (AMC).[8][9] While the other commands focus on readiness to "fight tonight", AFC aims to improve future readiness for competition with near-peers.[10][11][12] The AFC commander functions as the Army's chief modernization investment officer.[13][14]: Section 4 [Note 1][15]

It is supported by the United States Army Reserve Innovation Command (75th Innovation Command).[16]

History

2018

Army Futures Command was established by Secretary of the Army Mark Esper to improve Army acquisition by creating better requirements and reducing the time to develop a system to meet them. [17] [18][19] [20]Between 1995 and 2009, the Army spent $32 billion on programs such as the Future Combat System[21] that were later cancelled with no harvestable content.[22] As of 2021, the Army had not fielded a new combat system in decades.[23][24][25][26][27][28]

General Mark Milley, then Army Chief of Staff, helped establish the Army Futures Command.[29] Under Secretary of the Army Ryan McCarthy played a major role in its development. Its first commander was General John Murray,[30] formerly the Army's G-8.[lower-alpha 1]

Over his tenure as Army Secretary, Esper led a process known as "night court", working with other top service officials, to free up and shift billions of dollars into modernization programs and based the new command in Austin, Texas, an area known for its innovative, technology-focused workforce.[31] [32][33][34]The Army gave the command's chief and the leaders of new groups, dubbed "§ cross-functional teams", the authority to manage requirements and the leeway to direct dollars.

At its founding, Futures Command was focused on six priorities:[Note 2] Long-range precision fires, Next Generation Combat Vehicle, Future Vertical Lift platforms, a mobile & expeditionary Army network, air and missile defense capabilities,[35] and soldier lethality.

Murray announced plans to stand up an Army Applications Lab[Note 1] to accelerate acquisition and deployment of materiel to the soldiers, including by using artificial intelligence (AI). [36][37]

Murray also said he would hire a chief technology officer for AFC.[13][38]

A fundamental strategy was formulated, involving simultaneous integrated operations across domains.[39][40] This strategy involves pushing adversaries to standoff,[lower-alpha 2] [43][42] by presenting them with multiple simultaneous dilemmas.[44][45][lower-alpha 3] A goal is that by 2028, the ability to project rapid, responsive power across domains will have become apparent to potential adversaries.[46][47][lower-alpha 4]

In 2018, Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy said Futures Command would have three areas of focus:[48]

  1. Futures and Concepts: assess gaps (needs versus opportunities,[15] given a threat).[48] Concepts for realizable future systems (with readily harvestable content)[49][50]: for definitions of terms, such as '6.3'  will flow into TRADOC doctrine, manuals, and training programs.[lower-alpha 1]
  2. Combat Development: stabilized concepts.[49][50] Balance the current state of technology and the cash-flow requirements of the defense contractors providing the technology, that they become deliverable experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes, in an iterative process of acquisition.[51][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] (See Value stream)
  3. Combat Systems: experiments, demonstrations, and prototypes.[52] Transition to the acquisition, production, and sustainment programs of AMC.[53][lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 8]

Army Secretary Mark Esper said that the 2018 administrative infrastructure for the Futures and Concepts Center (formerly ARCIC) and United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC, now called DEVCOM, (formerly RDECOM)) remains in place at their existing locations.[57] What has changed or will change is the layers of command (operational control, or OPCON)[58] needed to make a decision.[57]

2019

AFC declared its full operational capability in July 2019,[59][60] after an initial one-year period.[61] The FY2020 military budget allocated $30 billion for the top six modernization priorities over next five years.[62] The $30 billion came from $8 billion in cost avoidance and $22 billion in terminations.[62][63] More than 30 projects[64][65] were envisioned to become the materiel basis needed for overmatching any potential competitors in the 'continuum of conflict' over the next ten years[27][66] in multi-domain operations (MDO).[67]

From an initial 12 people at its headquarters in 2018, AFC grew to more than 17,000 people[68] across 25 states and 15 countries in 2019.[69] research facilities and personnel (including ARCIC and RDECOM) moved from other commands and parts of the Army such as the United States Army Research Laboratory.[70]

2020

ASA(ALT) Bruce Jette started xTechsearch to reward private innovators.[71][lower-alpha 9] The COVID-19 pandemic led the Army to run an xTechsearch Ventilator Challenge.[73] TRX Systems won an xTechsearch award for technology that allows navigation in a GPS-denied environment.

2021

On 13 October 2021, Army officials said most of AFC's 31 signature systems,[74] and the four rapid capability projects of the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office would be fielded by fiscal year 2023.[75][lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6]

2022

In 2022, Army leaders projected that 24 of the top-35 priority modernization programs would be deployed by fiscal 2023.[92]

Army Secretary Christine Wormuth announced the top six areas for the Army of 2030:[93][94]: minute 43:30  1) improved intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; 2) "Coordination at greater speed";[lower-alpha 3] 3) "Win the Fires fight"; 4) concealment[95][96] via improved mobility and reduced signature; 5) "talk often and quickly";[97][lower-alpha 10] and 6) logistics.[93][98][46][47] [99][100] [101] [102]

By 2022, Futures Command was conducting the third annual iteration of Project Convergence: experiments and joint tests of 300 technologies by the Defense Department and its allies and partners.[103][104][105][106][107]

In October 2022, Wormuth assigned AFC to work on "Army of 2040" concepts.[lower-alpha 1][108][94]: minute 51:00 [98][109][110] Two months later, Futures Command hosted a conference with representatives from AMC, TRADOC, FORSCOM, and Headquarters Department of the Army.[111][112][113][114] AFC is leading the development of a new Army Operating Concept (v. 1.0) for the Army of 2030 to 2040.[115][116][lower-alpha 1]

Organization

The commanding general is assisted by three deputy commanders.

  • Combat Development:[125][126][117] Helps AFC commander to assess and integrate the future operational environment, emerging threats, and technologies to develop and deliver concepts, requirements, and future force designs.
  • Acquisition and Systems (founded as Combat Systems in 2018):[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 1]
    • Gen. Robert Abrams has tasked III Corps with providing soldier feedback for the Next Generation Combat Vehicles CFT, XVIII Corps for the soldier feedback on the soldier lethality CFT, the Network CFT, as well as the Synthetic Training CFT, and I Corps for the Long Range Precision Fires CFT.[140]
    • Combat Systems refines, engineers, and produces the developed solutions from Combat Development.[141][142]
Multi-domain operations (MDO): Friendly forces (denoted in black)[143] operating in multi-domains (gray, yellow, light blue, dark gray, and dark blue)—Space, Cyber, Air, Land, and Maritime respectively—cooperate across domains,[lower-alpha 8] working as an integrated force against adversaries (denoted in red). These operations will disrupt these adversaries, and present them multiple simultaneous dilemmas,[lower-alpha 3] to encourage adversaries to return to competition rather than continue a conflict.[67][144][145]

Cross-functional teams

When AFC was created in 2018, it was given eight cross-functional teams, or CFTs: one for each of the Army's six modernization priorities, and two others for broader capabilities. These teams are Long-Range Precision Fires, Next-Generation Combat Vehicles, Future Vertical Lift, the Network to include Precision Navigation and Timing, Air-and-Missile Defense, Soldier Lethality and Synthetic Training Environment.

In 2023, the Army announced that it would create a ninth team, for Contested Logistics.[146][101][147] The 2023 exercises for IndoPacom will test its prepositioned stocks.[148] The CG of Army Materiel Command is taking the lead for contested logistics.[149]

In 2018, McCarthy characterized a CFT as a team of teams, led by a requirements leader, program manager, sustainer and tester.[150] Some CFTs also have representatives of U.S. allies.[151][60] Each CFT lead is mentored by a 4-star general.[152] Each CFT can have a Capability Development Integration Directorate.[Note 2] For example, the Aviation Center of Excellence at Fort Rucker, in coordination with the Aviation Program Executive Officer (PEO), contains the Vertical Lift CFT and the Aviation CDID. "We were never above probably a total of eight people", the Aviation CFT's Brigadier General Wally Rugen said in 2018.[152] Four of the eight CFT leads have now shifted from dual-hat jobs to full-time status.

Each CFT must strike a balance amid constraints—the realms of requirements, acquisition, science and technology, test, resourcing, costing, and sustainment—to produce a realizable concept before a competitor achieves it.[153]

The Army Requirements Oversight Council (AROC) itself serves as a kind of CFT,[lower-alpha 1] operating at a higher level[154][155][137][156][157][158] as response to Congressional oversight, budgeting, funding, policy, and authorization for action.[49][50][159][138][160][161][162]

AFC and the CFTs are expected to unify control of the Army' s $30 billion modernization budget.[163][60]

Multi-domain operations (MDO)[lower-alpha 8] span multiple domains: cislunar space, land, air, maritime, cyber, and populations.[164]: minute 17:45 [165][166][167] Echelons above brigade (division, corps, and theater army) engage in a continuum of conflict. —This illustration is from The MDO Concept, TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1.[lower-alpha 12]

Partners

AFC has given research funding to more than 300 colleges and universities[60] with one-year program cycles.[170] "We will come to you. You don't have to come to us," Murray said on 24 August 2018"[61]: minute 6:07 ,[171]

Multiple incubator tech hubs are available in Austin,[172] especially Capital Factory, with offices of Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) and AFWERX (USAF tech hub).[128]

AFC will work with other organizations such as Defense Innovation Unit Experimental (DIUx) as needed.[119][173]

Locations

AFC's headquarters is based in Austin, Texas where it spreads across three locations totaling 75,000 ft2;[171] One location is a University of Texas System building at 210 W. Seventh St. in downtown Austin, on the 15th and 19th floors; UT Regents did not charge rent to AFC through December 2019.[174][175]

AFC personnel also operate in and from dozens of military installations around the country, including:

A simulation used to put leadership teams in a situation akin to a Combat Training Center rotation, "an intellectually and emotionally challenging environment that forgives the mistakes of the participants"[176][177] In a role-playing session; a trainer (not seen) must tell the virtual Soldier what the Soldier is not doing correctly. Trainers using this program show a 40% increase in their knowledge of the Sexual Harassment/Assault Response & Prevention policy.[178] These simulations are created at Army Research Laboratory (ARL) West, and ICT, Playa Vista, CA
CCDC Army Research Laboratory Neuroscience Big Data: over ten years of EEG data, comprising over 1,000 recording sessions (The Cognition and Neuroergonomics Collaborative Technology Alliance)[179]

Work

AI

In 2018, the Army secretary ordered AFC to draft an execution order to create an Army AI Task Force (A-AI TF) to support the DoD Joint AI center.[226][227][36][228] The Army AI task force establish scalable machine learning projects at Carnegie Mellon University.[229][230]

That same year, the Army Applications Laboratory was established along with AFC to help connect Army-future efforts and commercial products and ideas.[Note 1]

In 2019, the Army CIO/G-6 was ordered to create an Identity, Credential, and Access Management system to efficiently issue and verify credentials to non-person entities (AI agents and machines)[231] As well, DCS G-2 will coordinate with CG AFC, and director of A-AI TF, to provide intelligence for Long-Range Precision Fires. CG AMC will provide functional expertise and systems for maintenance of materiel with AI. AFC and A-AI TF will establish an AI test bed for experimentation, training, deployment, and testing of machine learning capabilities and workflows.[232][233][234][235]

In 2022, DEVCOM Analysis Center (DAC) signed a cooperative agreement with Northeastern University's Kostas Research Institute (KRI) to build on KRI's analytic framework, with six other universities on artificial intelligence and assistive automation (AI/AA), to further Army sub-goals ("mission effectiveness analysis, ontology for decision making, automatic target recognition, human systems integration, cyber resilience/electronic warfare threat defense, and assessing autonomous maneuver/mobility").[236]

Software

Futures Command was to stand up Army Software Factory in August 2021, to immerse soldiers and Army civilians of all ranks in modern software development, in Austin.[237][238][239][240][241] Like the Training with Industry program, participants are expected to take these practices back with them, to influence other Army people in their future assignments, and to build up the Army's capability in software development. The training program lasts three years, and will produce skill sets for trainees as product managers, user experience and user interface designers, software engineers, or platform engineers.[237] The Al Work Force Development program and this Software Factory will complement the Artificial Intelligence Task Force.[238][242] The Army has identified soldiers who can already code at Ph.D.-level, but who are in unexpected MOSs.[243] In March 2023 the Marine Corps moved its software factory to the Army's software factory in Austin, Texas.[244]

Data

The Army looks for ideas from defense contractors In 2018, for example, the Network CFT and the Program Executive Office Command, Control, Communications—Tactical (PEO C3T) hosted a forum so vendors could learn what products might soon work as testable or deployable systems.[195][245][246][247] Vendors submitted hundreds of white papers; ones with "very mature ideas" were passed to the Army's acquisition community and to the Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC).[248]

The Army is interested in ways to accelerate acquisition programs. For example, this was an explicit request in the 2019 solicitation for requests for information about Future Vertical Lift.[89] In January 2020, the optionally manned fighting vehicle solicitation was cancelled when its requirements added up to an unobtainable project;[249]

Robotic combat vehicles
Robotic combat vehicle (RCV)
Project Origin unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), at Joint Multinational Readiness Center, Hohenfels, Germany[250][251][252]

By October 2021, experiments with a company-sized tele-operated / unmanned formation were underway at Camp Grayling, Michigan.[253][252][254][255] The 18 light and medium robotic combat vehicles (RCV), in concert with surrogate heavy RCVs (modified M113 armored personnel carriers), proxy manned control vehicles (MET-Ds), and drones for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), were to complete ATEC (Army Test and Evaluation Command) safety testing in May 2022[255] and live-fire drills in August 2022.[255][256]

By June 2022, Army RCVs had demonstrated some disruptive capabilities,[250] in preparation for Project Convergence 2022. At PC22, resupply by unmanned helicopters and other autonomous capabilities were demonstrated by systems from the US, Australia, and UK.[257]: min 25:30 [258][259][260]

In May 2023, Army Futures Command disclosed concepts for robotic combat platoons,[261] akin to the collaborative combat aircraft (CCA) of the Air Force.[262]

Acquisition

Futures Command works with the ASA(ALT),[263][264] who as Army Acquisition Executive (AAE),[14] has milestone decision authority (MDA)[52][28] at multiple points in a materiel development decision (MDD).[265] AFC consolidates expertise into the relevant CFT, which balances the constraints needed to realize a prototype, beginning with requirements, science and technology, test, etc., then enters the acquisition process (typically the Army prototypes on its own and, as of 2019, initiates acquisition at Milestone B in order to have the Acquisition Executive, with the concurrence of the Army Chief of Staff, decide on production as a Program of Record at Milestone C).[266] Next, refine the prototype to address the factors needed to pass the Milestone decisions A, B, and C which require Milestone decision authority (MDA) in an acquisition process.[266] This consolidation of expertise thus reduces the risks in a Materiel development decision (MDD), for the Army to admit a prototype into a program of record.) The existing processes (as of April 2018) for a Materiel development decision (MDD) have been updated to clarify their place in the Life Cycle of a program of record:[14][265][49] over 1,200 programs/projects were reviewed;[267] by October 2019, over 600 programs of record had been moved from the acquisition phase to the sustainment phase.[267] An additional life cycle management action is underway, to re-examine which of these projects or programs should be cancelled.[267]

Futures Command picks which programs to develop.[267][268][269][15] Each CFT works with the Army Acquisition Corps,[270][271][272][273][274][275] U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center (USAASC), and Army Contracting Command.[265] The Principal Military Deputy to the ASA(ALT) is also deputy commanding general for Combat Systems, Army Futures Command,[14] and leads the Program Executive Officers (PEO); he has directed each PEO who does not have a CFT to coordinate with, to immediately form one, at least informally.[135]

The current acquisition system has pieces all throughout the Army. ... There's chunks of it in TRADOC and chunks of it in AMC and then other pieces. So really all we're trying to do is get them all lined up under a single command…..from concept, S&T, RDT&E, through the requirements process, through the beginnings of the acquisition system—Milestone A, B, and C.[48]

— Defense Secretary Mark Esper

The PEOs work closely with their respective CFTs.[270] Operationally, the CFTs reduce degrees of separation between Army echelons,[152] and provide a point of contact for Army reformers.[15][152]

Prototyping and experimentation

The development process will consist of one or more cycles (prototype, demonstration/testing, and evaluation,[54][276]) meant to find and discard unrealistic requirements before a project becomes a program.[60][28] "Our new approach is really to prototype as much as we can to help us identify requirements, so our reach doesn't exceed our grasp. ... A good example is Future Vertical Lift: The prototyping has been exceptional," Esper said in 2019.[277][lower-alpha 6]

AFC activities include at least one cross-functional team, its capability development integration directorate (CDID),[278]: Para. 2b  and the associated Battle Lab,[278]: Para. 2b  for each Army Center of Excellence. Each CDID and associated Battle Lab work with their CFT to develop operational experiments and prototypes to test.[130]

ASA(ALT), in coordination with AFC, has dotted-line relationships between its PEOs and the CFTs. In particular, the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office of ASA(ALT) has a PEO to develop experimental prototype "units of action" for rapid fielding. In June 2019, the prototypes were for long-range hypersonic weapons, high-energy laser defense, and space,[279][280][281] The Army tripled its spending on speed and range capabilities from 2017 to 2019.[282][207][283][284][285]

CFTs and PEOs order up tests run by JMC and White Sands Missile Range, which hosts United States Army Test and Evaluation Command.[180][9][286][130][287] Test results are analyzed by the Research and Analysis Center at Fort Leavenworth.[130]

CCDC, now called DEVCOM (formerly RDECOM, at APG) includes the several Army research laboratory locations,[288] as well as research, development and engineering centers listed:[278][130][289]

CCDC is focusing on long-range precision fires the six RDECs and the Army Research Laboratory. As of September 2018, RDECOM's "concept of operation" is first to support the LRPF CFT,[219] with ARDEC. AMRDEC is looking to improve the energetics and efficiency of projectiles. TARDEC Ground Vehicle Center is working on high-voltage components for extended range cannon artillery that save on size and weight.[219] Two dedicated RDECOM people support the LRPF CFT, with reachback support from two dozen more at RDECOM.[290] In January 2019, RDECOM was renamed CCDC; General Murray noted that CCDC will have to support more soldier feedback, and that prototyping and testing will have to begin before a project ever becomes a program of record.[131][289]

Acquisition specialists are being encouraged to accept lateral transfers to RDECs where their skills are needed: Ground Vehicle Systems Center (formerly TARDEC, at Detroit Arsenal. Michigan), Aviation and Missile Center (formerly AMRDEC, at Redstone Arsenal), C5ISR Center (formerly CERDEC, at Aberdeen Proving Ground), Soldier Center (formerly NSRDEC, Natick, Massachusetts), and Armaments Center (formerly ARDEC, at Picatinny Arsenal) listed below.[291]

Esper said AFC will reduce the time needed to define requirements for a new program from 60 to 12 months.[292][10][58] Requirements may be reduced to "a simple statement of a problem."[293]: minute 41:50 [294][61]: minute 11:00 [120][295][289][49] The development process will consist of repeated prototyping, demonstration/testing, and evaluation, designed to find and eliminated unrealistic requirements. ASA(ALT) Bruce Jette says the acquisition community should seek to fail and find a new solution rather than commit a program to a drawn-out failure.[296][297][270]

Esper scrubbed through 800[298] modernization programs to reprioritize funding[299] for the top six modernization priorities,[163] which will consume 80% of the modernization funding,[300] of 18 systems.[300] His "night court" budget review process shifted $2.4 billion for modernization from programs that were not tied to modernization or to the 2018 National Defense Strategy.[301]

Budgets will likely restrict the fielding of new materiel to one Armor BCT per year;[302] at that rate, updates would take decades.[302][303]

In 2019, the CIO/G6 piloted "enterprise IT-as-a-service"-style service contracts at AFC. In July 2019, such a contract set up a sensitive compartmented information facility at AFC headquarters.[59]

In February 2020, the Army vice chief of staff said Army modernization was perceptibly speeding up.[304]

This Life Cycle Management (formulated in 2004)[305][306] was intended to exert the kind of operational control (OPCON)[58] needed just for the sustainment function (AMC's need for Readiness today),[296] rather than for its relevance to modernization for the future. AFC now serves as the deciding authority when moving a project in its Life Cycle, out of the Acquisition phase and into the Sustainment phase.[267][28][lower-alpha 1]

During to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Acquisition Executive and the AFC commander created a COVID-19 task force to try to project supplier problems 30, 60, and 90 days out. In 2020, they tracked 800 programs and 35 priorities.[307]

The CFTs must balance requirements, acquisition, science and technology, test, resourcing, costing, and sustainment.[153][150][Note 2]

Some modernization work will be done via the Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership and education, Personnel and Facilities (DOTMLPF) framework.[10][308]

The plan is to have an MDO-capable Army by 2028[lower-alpha 4] and an MDO-ready Army by 2035.[308][309]

In 2018, McConville said TRADOC, ASA (ALT), and AFC are tied together.[310] The ASA(ALT) will coordinate the acquisition reform with AFC.[278]: Para. 1c [264][28] He also said AFC will have to be "a little bit disruptive" to institute reforms within budget in a timely way.[311]

Congress has given the Army Other Transaction Authority (OTA),[312][Note 1] which allows the PEOs to enter into Full Rate Production quicker by permitting the services to control their own programs of record, rather than DoD.[135] This strips out one layer of bureaucracy.[135][313][314] Middle tier acquisition authority is another tool.[315][316]

There is now a PEO for Rapid Capabilities (RCO) with two program managers, one for rapid prototyping, and one for rapid acquisition, of a capability.[317] Requirements are developed by the Cross-functional team (CFT).[318] In 2019 RCO became the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO).[319]

In 2019, Futures Command was formulating multiyear enterprise campaign plans.[320][183] The planning process includes Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC), AFC's cross-functional teams (CFTs), Futures and Concepts (FCC), Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC), and Army Reserve's Houston-based 75th Innovation Command. Pne goal is to formulate the plans in simple, coherent language which nests within the national security strategic documents.[320][97][321][260][322][323] By October 2022 Field Manual 3-0 said "Multi-domain Operations are at the root of all Army operations".[324]: § 1-11, p.1-3 [325]: minute 28:09 to 36:00 

A goal of AFC is overmatch of the capability of a competitor or adversary, particularly the imposition of multiple simultaneous dilemmas upon a competitor or adversary.[11] By 2021, Army leaders recognized that the multi-domain operations task force[326] could do so.[327]: min 30:45 [lower-alpha 3]

Planning for the Army of 2040 is underway.[115][lower-alpha 1][328]

Futures

XM1113 extended range artillery round, shown here at a range demonstration, uses a rocket-assist motor
  • Long-range precision fires developments include[lower-alpha 13]:[331][332]
  • Mobile & Expeditionary Network[121] / MDO Multi-domain operations[39][302]
    • Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing (A-PNT)[165][345][346]
      • An A-PNT event was scheduled at WSMR for August 2019
      • Prototype jam-resistant GPS kits are being fielded to 2nd Cavalry Regiment in US European Command (EUCOM) before year-end 2019.[276] More than 300 Strykers of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment are being fitted with the Mounted Assured Precision Navigation & Timing System (MAPS), with thousands more planned for EUCOM.[352]
      • A Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) to Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) is under development.[353][354][247]
        • Low Earth orbit satellites for Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing—"When you look at the sheer number of satellites that go up and the reduced cost to do it, it gives us an array of opportunities on how to solve the problems" in A-PNT[355]
      • ARL researchers have proposed and demonstrated a way for small ground-based robots with mounted antennas to configure phased arrays, a technique which usually takes a static laboratory to develop. Instead the researchers used robots to covertly create and focus a highly directional parasitic array (see Yagi antenna).[356]
      • ARL's Army Research Office is funding researchers at University of Texas at Austin, and University of Lille who have built a new 5G component using hexagonal boron nitride which can switch at performant speeds, while remaining 50 times more energy-efficient than current materials—the "thinnest known insulator with a thickness of 0.33 nanometers".[357]
      • ARL's Army Research Office is seeking diamond colloids, microscopic spheres which can assemble bottom-up into promising structures for laser action.[358]
      • A demonstration of proof of concept allows soldiers to communicate their position using a wearable tracking unit. The technology allows soldiers (or robots) to prosecute a fight even indoors or underground, even if GPS were lost.[359]
  • Air, Missile Defense:[332][339][340][360][361][362][363] An Integrated Air and Missile Battle Command System (IBCS)[364] award, including next software build.[365][339][340] of $238 million also funds initial prototypes of the command and control system for fielding in fiscal 2022.[366]
      • Hypersonic glide vehicle launch preparations,[314] beginning in 2020, and continuing with launches every six months.[367]
      • At Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, an FVL CFT-sponsored demonstration of interconnected sensors handed off control of a glide munition which had been launched from a Grey Eagle drone. When another group of sensors picked up a higher-priority target, another operator at the Tactical Operations Center redirected the glide munition to the higher-priority targe.[368][369][370]
  • Soldier lethality
    • Network CFT sponsors sensor-to-shooter prototype for multi-domain battle, 2019 operational assessment. [371][372][373]
    • Night vision goggles thermal polarimetric camera.[374] Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS)[375][376][377][378][379][380][381][382][383] The Synthetic Training Environment (STE) is available to some of the troops outfitted with IVAS.[384] Army Secretary Christine Wormuth said Army work on a common operating picture will be a foundation for joint operations.[385][386][387]
    • CCDC ARL researchers are developing a flexible, waterproof, lithium-ion battery of any size and shape, for soldiers to wear; the electrolyte is water itself. In 2020 the batteries were engineering prototypes; by 2021 soldiers will wear the battery for themselves for the first time.[388]
      • CCDC ARL and DoE's PNNL are examining the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) as it first forms during the initial charging of a lithium-ion battery. They have found an inner SEI (thin, dense, and inorganic—most likely lithium oxide) between the copper electrode, and an outer SEI which is organic and permeable—a finding which will be useful when building future batteries.[389]
    • CCDC ARL and MIT researchers are formulating atomically thin materials to be layered upon soldiers' equipment and clothing for MDO information display and processing.[390]
    • Integrated, wearable cabling for capabilities such as IVAS, Next Generation Squad Weapon (NGSW), or Nett Warrior are under development;[391] the potential exists to reduce 20 pounds of batteries to half that weight.[392]
    • CCDC ARL is studying additive manufacturing (3D printing) for munitions.[393]
    • Natick Soldier RDEC has awarded an Other Transaction Authority (OTA) contract to prototype soldier exoskeletons which augment human leg strength under harsh conditions.[394][395][396][397]
    • DEVCOM Chem Bio Center (CBC) is developing sensors to detect contaminants.[398]
    • The Infantry Squad Vehicle (ISV)[399][400] is meant to be airdropped for a squad of nine paratroopers.[401] The GM design was selected; first unit is expected at 1/82nd AB division in February 2021.[402][403]
      • A-PNT devices are being miniaturized, with more redundant positioning sources.[349][53]: pp220-3 [lower-alpha 7]
      • In September 2019 in the Maneuver CoE's Battle Lab at Fort Moore, OneSAF simulations[404] of a platoon augmented by UAS drones, ground robots, and AI were able to dislodge a defending force 3 times larger, repeatedly. But by current doctrine, a near-battalion would have been required to accomplish that mission.[404]

List of commanding generals

LTG James E. Rainey assumes command of AFC from LTG James M. Richardson on 4 October 2022.

Lieutenant General John M. Murray became Army Futures Command's first commanding general upon its activation on 24 August 2018.[171][405][406][407][159][138][139][160][161][162] Lieutenant General James E. Rainey (promoted to general on 7 October 2022)[408] became AFC's second commanding general on 4 October 2022.[lower-alpha 1]

No. Portrait Name and rank Took office Left office Term length
1
John M. Murray
General
John M. Murray		24 August 20183 December 20213 years, 101 days
-
James M. Richardson
Lieutenant General
James M. Richardson
Acting		3 December 20214 October 2022305 days
2
James E. Rainey
General
James E. Rainey		4 October 2022Incumbent1 year, 103 days

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The CG,AFC is responsible for Force design (in the style of TRADOC's G357,[409] but applied to Force modernization, rather than training).[154] The Army's Force management model begins with a projection of the Future operating environment, in terms of resources: political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and the time available to bring the Current army to bear on the situation.[410] The AROC serves as a discussion forum of these factors.[154]
    • The Army G-8 and G-3/5/7 sit on the Army Requirements Oversight Council (AROC), chaired by the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA).[411]: diagram on p.559 [154][410]
    • The relevant strategy is provided by the Army's leadership to guide Army staff.[411]
    • The resources are "dictated by Congress".[410]
    • A DOTMLPF analysis models the factors necessary to change the Current force into a relevant Future force.[412]
    • A JCIDS/ACIDS[413] process identifies the gaps in capability between Current and Future force.
    • A Force design to meet the materiel gaps is underway.
    • An organization with the desired capabilities (manpower, materiel, training) is brought to bear on each gap.
      • AR 5-22(pdf) lists the Force modernization proponent for each Army branch, which can be a CoE or Branch proponent leader.
      • Staff uses Synchronization meetings[414]: minute 8:29  before seeking approval —HTAR Force Management 3-2b: "Managing change in any large, complex organization requires the synchronization of many interrelated processes".[411]: p.3-1 
    • A budget request is submitted to Congress.
    • Approved requests then await resource deliveries which then become available to the combatant commanders.
  2. ↑
    In standoff,[41] adversaries attempt to project protected areas against each other.[42] Within these protected areas, friends are deemed safe, but foes who attempt penetration are endangered by the capabilities of the allies arrayed against them. Outside these protected areas, adversaries compete for control, by projecting their power.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (November 22, 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide from TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 (Dec 2018).
    Multi-domain operations (MDO) span multiple domains: cislunar space, land, air, maritime, cyber, and populations.
    • In September 2020 an ABMS Onramp demonstrated a specific scenario, which can be illustrated by the 5 red numbered bullet points from the slide in TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1:
    1. Competition— No overt hostilities are yet detected. Blue bar (force projection) is in standoff against red bar (threat).
    2. Strategic Support area— National assets (blue) detect breaching of standoff by adversary (in red).
    3. Close area support— blue assets hand-off to the combatant commands, who are to create effects visible to the adversary (in red).
    4. Deep maneuver— blue combatant actions dis-integrate adversary efforts (per TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1: "militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit" the adversary); —Operational and Strategic deep fires create effects on the adversary. Adversary is further subject to defeat in detail, until adversaries perceive they are overmatched (no more red assets to expend).
    5. Adversary retreats to standoff. The populations perceive that the adversary is defeated, for now. (Compare to Perkins' cycle, 'return to competition', in which deterrence has succeeded in avoiding a total war, in favor of pushing an adversary back to standoff (the red threat bar). Blue force projection still has overmatched red threat.)
  4. 1 2 As informed by lessons learned in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
  5. 1 2 Andrew Eversden (17 Dec 2021) Here's the Army's 24 programs in soldiers' hands by 2023
    1. Precision Strike Missile (§ PrSM)
    2. Extended Range Cannon Artillery (ERCA)
    3. Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) will not deploy by 1 Oct 2023.[76]
    4. Mid-range capability (§ MRC) missile, also called Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF)[77]
    5. Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV)
    6. Robotic Combat Vehicle (§ RCV)
    7. Mobile Protected Firepower (MPF)
    8. Future Unmanned Aircraft Systems/ Future Tactical Unmanned Aircraft System (FUAS)/(FTUAS)[78][79]
    9. Integrated Tactical Network (§ ITN) unified with § echelons above brigade, and the multi-domain task forces
    10. Common Operating Environment: Command Post Computing Environment[80]/Mounted Computed Environment (CPCE)/(MCE) See Common operational picture
    11. Command Post Integrated Infrastructure (CPI2)
    12. Mounted Assured Positioning, Navigation, and Timing System (MAPS)[81][82]
    13. Dismounted Assured Positioning, Navigation, and Timing System (DAPS)[81]
    14. Maneuver-Short Range Air Defense (M-SHORAD) using high-energy lasers
    15. Indirect Fires Protection Capability: Iron Dome
    16. Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense Sensor (§ LTAMDS)[83] - Patriot radar replacement
    17. Army Integrated Air and Missile Defense (§ IBCS)
    18. Directed Energy Maneuver-Short Range Air Defense (DE M-SHORAD)[84] High energy lasers
    19. Next Generation Squad Weapon (NGSW)
    20. Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS)
    21. Enhanced Night Vision Goggle – Binocular (ENVG-B)
    22. Reconfigurable Virtual Collective Trainer (RVCT) - Synthetic training environment
    23. IVAS Squad Immersive Virtual Trainer (SiVT) - Synthetic training environment
    24. One World Terrain/ Training Management Tools/ Training Simulation Software (OWT) / (TMT) / (TSS) - Synthetic training environment,[85]
    [74][75][86] [87] [88]
  6. 1 2 3 In Future Vertical Lift, FARA and FLRAA are projected to be prototyped by 2028, with fielding by 2030.[89][90] The OMFV prototype is projected for 2025.[91]
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ASA(ALT) (2018) Weapon Systems Handbook update Page 32 lists how the Weapon Systems Handbook is organized. 440 pages.
    • By Modernization priority
    • By Acquisition or Business System category (ACAT or BSC). The Weapon systems in each ACAT are sorted alphabetically by Weapon system name. Each weapon system might also be in several variants (Lettered); a weapon system's variants might be severally and simultaneously in the following phases of its Life Cycle, namely—°Materiel Solution Analysis; °Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction; °Engineering & Manufacturing Development; °Production & Deployment; °Operations & Support
    • ACAT I, II, III, IV are defined on page 404.[52][27][54][55][41]
  8. 1 2 3 The Army's unclassified Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) concept is "the combined arms employment of capabilities from all domains that create and exploit relative advantages to defeat enemy forces, achieve objectives and consolidate gains during competition, crisis, and armed conflict".[56]
  9. ↑ The 2020 xTechSearch top ten semifinalists (who will each receive $120,000) are:[72]
    • Bounce Imaging, for a tactical throwable camera (self-orienting, pointable camera)
    • GeneCapture, for deployable medical tests
    • Inductive Ventures, for magnetic braking of helicopters
    • IoT/AI, for hardware IoT AI devices
    • LynQ Technologies, for a GPS beacon
    • KeriCure, for wound care
    • MEI Micro, for Micro Electronic-Mechanical System Inertial Measurement Unit (assured position, navigation, and timing—A-PNT)
    • Multiscale Systems, for meta-material
    • Novaa, for single-aperture antennas ( multi-band rather than 1 dedicated antenna per application)
    • Vita Inclinata, stabilized anti-spin hoisting for pulling injured people on a stretcher into a hovering helicopter
    [71]
  10. 1 2 3 Colin Clark (18 Feb 2020) Gen. Hyten On The New American Way of War: All-Domain Operations (ADO)
    • "A computer-coordinated fight": in the air, land, sea, space, cyber, and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS)
      • "forces from satellites to foot soldiers to submarines sharing battle data at machine-to-machine speed"
    • "it's the ability to integrate and effectively command and control all domains in a conflict or in a crisis seamlessly"—Gen. Hyten, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
      • All-Domain Operations (ADO) use global capabilities: "space, cyber, deterrent [the nuclear triad (for mutually assured destruction in the Cold War, an evolving concept in itself)], transportation, electromagnetic spectrum operations, missile defense"
  11. ↑ The Combat Systems Directorate[126] was to be led by the ASA(ALT)'s Principal Military Deputy [133][134] (Principal Military Deputy (PMILDEP) to the ASA(ALT)) [14]: AD2018-15, 6b:PMILDEP will additionally be AFC director, Combat Systems [135] who will produce those developed solutions and seek feedback.[52][136] In 2022, AD2018-15 was rescinded by Army Directive AD2022-07,[137] which in turn is subject to rescission 180 days after passage of FY2023 NDAA.[138][139]
  12. ↑ Echelons above brigade (division, corps, and theater army) engage in a continuum of conflict.[lower-alpha 10] [lower-alpha 3][168]: minute 17:45 [169]
  13. ↑ Munitions such as PrSM will need to fire and then move, at targets on the move.[329][330]
  1. 1 2 3 4 Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. Army Applications Lab: (23 October 2018) Army Futures Command Wants YOU (To Innovate)
    • —Adam Jay Harrison's list for types of Funding Authority
  2. 1 2 3 4 The capabilities as prioritized by the Chief of Staff, will use subject-matter experts (SMEs) in the realms of requirements, acquisition, science and technology, test, resourcing, costing, and sustainment, using CFTs for:
    1. Improved long-range precision fires (artillery):—(Fort Sill, Oklahoma) Lead: BG John Rafferty ... PEO Ammunition (AMMO)
    2. Next Generation Combat Vehicle—(Detroit Arsenal, Warren, Michigan) Lead: BG Geoffrey Norman ... PEO Ground Combat Systems (GCS)
    3. Vertical lift platforms—(Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama) Lead: BG Wally Rugen ... PEO Aviation (AVN)
    4. Mobile and expeditionary (usable in ground combat) communications network (Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland)
      1. Network Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence—Lead: BG Jeth Rey ... PEO Command Control Communications Tactical (C3T)
      2. Assured Position Navigation and Timing—(Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama) Lead: William B. Nelson, SES
    5. Air and missile defense—(Fort Sill, Oklahoma) Lead: BG Brian Gibson, ... PEO Missiles and Space (M&S)
    6. Soldier lethality
      1. Soldier Lethality—(Fort Moore, Georgia) Lead: BG Larry Q. Burris, Jr. ... PEO Soldier
      2. Synthetic Training Environment—(Orlando, Florida) Lead: BG William Glaser ... PEO Simulation, Training, & Instrumentation (STRI)
    7. Contested logistics—(Huntsville, Alabama) Lead: Army Materiel Command (AMC) stood up in 2023
    • Above, 'dotted line' relationship (i.e., coordination) is denoted by a ' ... '
  3. ↑ As an example, any number of effects can be weaponized (see p.1 The New York Times 2 September 2018 "Invisible strikes may be cause of envoy's ills", describing the Microwave auditory effect), or else countered. Hypersonic vehicles are a countermeasure to ballistic missiles.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (6 December 2018) Futures Command reveals new insignia as it 'forges' ahead last accessed 3 February 2019
  2. ↑ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (27 August 2018) Establishment of Army Futures Command marks a culture shift
  3. 1 2 3 4 Army Futures Command: Meet Our Leadership
  4. ↑ "About - U.S. Army Futures Command". U.S. Army. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  5. ↑ Army Futures Command Meet Our Leadership Archived 20 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ Army Futures Command (6 Jun 2023) Installation ceremony for SES T3, Mr. William Nelson as the Deputy to the Commanding General of Army Futures Command Nelson to serve at the Pentagon for AFC
  7. ↑ US Army "Army announces Austin as the home of new Army Futures Command". C-SPAN. 13 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  8. ↑ "Organization | The United States Army". Organization | The United States Army. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  9. 1 2 Army Commands, Army Service Component Commands, and Direct Reporting Units ARN2541_AR10-87_WEB_Final.pdf section 20-2a, p.27
  10. 1 2 3 "The number one priority: An interview with Gen. Mark Milley". www.army.mil. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 "Multi-Domain Battle The Advent of Twenty-First Century War". www.armyupress.army.mil. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  12. ↑ Sébastien Roblin (11 Oct. 2019) China's stealth drones and hypersonic missiles surpass—and threaten—the U.S.
  13. 1 2 Lauren C. Williams (14 Sep 2018) Army Futures Command to set up DIU-like innovation lab Archived 17 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Army Directive 2018-15 (U.S. Army Futures Command Relationship With the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) and DCS G-8, 27 August 2018
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 Jr, Sydney J. Freedberg (25 October 2017). "Can The Pentagon Protect Young Innovators?". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "75th Innovation Command Page - About Us". US Army Reserve. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  17. ↑ Jr, Sydney J. Freedberg (7 May 2018). "Permanent Evolution: SecArmy Esper On Futures Command (EXCLUSIVE)". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  18. ↑ Barone, Chelsea (7 August 2018). "The Army Futures Command Finds a Home in Austin, TX". Modern Battlespace. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  19. ↑ "Authority Transfers Begin to Army Futures Command". AUSA. 14 June 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  20. ↑ Cox, Matthew (13 July 2018). "It's Official: Austin Is Home of New Army Futures Command". Military.com. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  21. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (8 August 2014) Pentagon Struggles To Get Small-Biz Tech: FCS misuse of OTA, other acquisition issues.
  22. ↑ Dan Lamothe Washington Post (2018-07-12) Army to unveil details about new Futures Command in biggest reorganization in 45 years
  23. ↑ Thomas E. Ricks (MARCH 2, 2015)Why hasn't the Army's regular acquisition process produced anything in decades? --Future of War conference.
  24. ↑ Matthew Cox (28 April 2018) How Future Combat Systems Failed
  25. ↑ Arpi Dilanian and Matthew Howard Army.mil (6 September 2018) Safer, smarter, faster: An interview with Gen. James McConville
  26. ↑ "US edge has eroded to a dangerous degree"
  27. 1 2 3 Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (14 March 2019) Army 'Big Six' Ramp Up in 2021: Learning From FCS
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 Jaspreet Gill (4 May 2022) EXCLUSIVE: New Army directive shakes up modernization enterprise
  29. ↑ Jr, Sydney J. Freedberg (24 August 2018). "How McCain & Milley Created Army Futures Command: It Almost Didn't Happen". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  30. ↑ Carlson, Kara "'Modernizing is key': Austin-based Army Futures Command continues to grow, adapt". Austin-American Statesman. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  31. ↑ Jen Judson (28 Aug 2018) Can Austin make the Army weird?
  32. ↑ Judson, Jen (9 October 2018). "Army's 'night court' finds $25 billion to reinvest in modernization priorities". Defense News. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  33. ↑ "Back to the (Army's) Future: A Conversation with Secretary of the Army Mark Esper". American Enterprise Institute - AEI. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  34. ↑ Beinart, Matthew (8 February 2019). "Esper: Army Cut $25 Billion From Low-Tier Programs To Fund Modernization Priorities". Defense Daily. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  35. ↑ MG Cedric T. Wins (09.10.2019) CCDC'S road map to modernizing the Army: air and missile defense DVIDS release
  36. 1 2 Army AI task force Army Directive 2018-18 (Army Artificial Intelligence Task Force in Support of the Department of Defense Joint Artificial Intelligence Center) 2 October 2018
  37. ↑ Kelley M. Sayler, CRS (10 Nov 2020) Artificial Intelligence and National Security R45178
  38. ↑ C5ISR "Army leaders get firsthand look at C5ISR Center research, development projects". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  39. 1 2 TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-1 (6 December 2018) The U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028 "describes how US Army forces, as part of the Joint Force, will militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit our adversaries in the future." Link moved here
  40. ↑ "The U.S. Army Modernization Strategy". APG News. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  41. 1 2 Kerensa Crum CCDC Aviation & Missile Center Public Affairs (14 August 2019) Leader updates Army's modernization priorities Standoff
  42. 1 2 Yasmin Tadjdeh (10/10/2018) Army to Focus on Defeating Enemies' Standoff Capabilities Summary of standoff
  43. 1 2 CRS Insight (IN11019) (17 January 2019) The U.S. Army and Multi-Domain Operations Congressional Research Service (CRS)
  44. ↑ Sydney Freedberg, Jr. (14 January 2020) Army Chief Seeks 'Minimally Manned' Vehicles, Joint C2 LRPF, ITN, IBCS, FARA, FLRAA, and "We need a joint command and control system" —Army Chief of Staff James C. McConville
  45. ↑ Sydney Freedberg, Jr. (2021) Army Chief To Navy, Air Force: We've Got 'Speed & Range' "The future is all about range and speed" —Gen. McConville
  46. 1 2 Chief of Staff paper #1, Headquarters, Department of the Army (16 March 2021) Army Multi-Domain Transformation: Ready to Win in Competition and Conflict Unclassified version by 40th Chief of Staff of the Army, Gen. James C. McConville
  47. 1 2 Chief of Staff paper #2 (1 March 2021) The Army in Military Competition
  48. 1 2 3 Sydney Freedberg, Jr. (26 March 2018) Army Outlines Futures Command; Org Chart In Flux
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lt. Col. Thomas "Bull" Holland, PhD, U.S. Army (15 January 2019) Proposed Army Futures Command Process Tenets
    1. 'Scientific research is a fundamentally different activity than technology development';
    2. Incorporate 'scientific research into "Appendix C: Functional Concepts" and specify pathways for technology development';
    3. Buy into the 'fail fast' mentality;
    4. '6.3-funded projects to produce knowledge (technical data) that can be consumed by requirements developers as opposed to PMs';
    5. Use 'evidence-based requirements process' (early hypothesis testing) with citations for evidence:
      • All projects will be executed in no less than two increments.
      • No new requirements once an increment is started.
    6. Summary: 'advances on the battlefield requires comprehensive, coordinated changes in the entire acquisition system';
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The RAND Corporation (2000) Discovery and Innovation: Federal Research and Development in the Fifty States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico RAND MR1194 Appendix B: Government-Wide and DOD Definitions of R&D Archived 6 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine See Appendix B p.615 for DOD Financial Management Regulation (Volume 2B, Chapter 5)
  51. ↑ Neil Hollenbeck and Benjamin Jensen (6 December 2017) Why the Army needs a Futures Command Enable a culture of experimentation, and develop concepts and technology together.
  52. 1 2 3 4 Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 Sep 2018) Futures Command Won't Hurt Oversight, Army Tells Congress
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ASA(ALT) Weapon Systems Handbook 2018 update
  54. 1 2 Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (3 April 2019) Army 'Shark Tank' enabling quick prototyping of new systems
  55. ↑ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (18 July 2019) Futures Command showcases efforts ahead of upcoming FOC
  56. ↑ Jen Judson (23 Mar 2022) Multidomain operations concept will become doctrine this summer
  57. 1 2 Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (7 May 2018) Permanent Evolution: SecArmy Esper On Futures Command
  58. 1 2 3 JP-1 Archived 26 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine p.xxi has the definition of operational control (OPCON). Note that "command authority may not be delegated" (COCOM being command authority). p.xxii has the definition of administrative control (ADCON): one application being coordinating authority.
  59. 1 2 Scott Maucione (19 July 2019) Army Futures Command fully operational, dinged by GAO on announcement
  60. 1 2 3 4 5 Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (11 July 2019) "Embracing a new culture at Army Futures Command". www.army.mil. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  61. 1 2 3 "Army Futures Command Press Conference". DVIDS. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  62. 1 2 Devon L. Suits, Army News Service Army (26 February 2019) FY20 budget proposal realigns $30 billion
  63. ↑ Sydney J Freedberg Jr (29 May 2019) Army Big 6 Gets $10B More Over 2021-2025
  64. ↑ Michael A. Grinston, James C. McConville, and Ryan McCarthy(2019) 2019 Army Modernization Strategy revision 7, CFTs' 31 signature efforts
  65. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (19 September 2019) Can Army Control Costs Of Its New Weapons? Currently the Army has 692 programs of record
  66. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (11 January 2019) 12 Moments Of Truth For Army Modernization In 2019
  67. 1 2 MDO Challenge (15 May 2019) *Start here* MDO 101 General explanation of multi-domain operations (MDO) for the layman
  68. ↑ America's Future Series (April 2023) GEN Mike Murray - Army Futures Command "What we got right"
  69. ↑ Sean Kimmons In first year, Futures Command grows from 12 to 24,000 personnel, Army News Service, 19 July 2019
  70. ↑ Freedberg Jr, Sydney J. (13 September 2018), Futures Command Won't Hurt Oversight, Army Tells Congress, Breakingdefense.com
  71. 1 2 Futures Command (2022) xTechSearch The Army's ongoing search for capabilities
  72. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 March 2020) "xTechSearch: Army Picks Top 10 Tech Innovators" breakingdefense.com
  73. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 April 2020) COVID-19: Army Tries Prizes To Get Ventilator Tech ASAP breakingdefense.com
  74. 1 2 Grinston, McConville, and McCarthy (2019) 2019 Army Modernization Strategy: Investing in the future 7 —Figure 3. Current Cross Functional Teams and Signature Efforts
  75. 1 2 "Chief of staff: Most signature systems to be fielded by 2023, people still No. 1". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  76. ↑ Anthony Capaccio (14 Sep 2023) US Army Faces Facts:Its Hypersonic Weapon To Miss a Deadline
  77. ↑ Andrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces, Congressional Research Service (CRS) (27 Dec 2022) The U.S. Army's Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System (Formerly Mid-Range Capabilities [MRC] System) report IF12135
  78. ↑ Ashley Roque (22 Aug 2022) US Army picks AeroVironment's Jump 20 for FTUAS Increment 1
  79. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (27 Feb 2023) 'Unmanned' drones take too many humans to operate, says top Army aviator
  80. ↑ Jaspreet Gill (14 Jan 2022) Army 'well on its way' to first OCONUS cloud in Indo-Pacific
  81. 1 2 Alternative PNT & Area Protection DAPS
  82. ↑ Andrew Eversden (Feb. 2, 2022 at 12:09 PM ET update) Here's the Army's 24 programs in soldiers' hands by 2023 Updated by AFC
  83. ↑ MDAA (24 Jul 2020) Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense Sensor (LTAMDS)
  84. ↑ Jen Judson (13 Jan 2022) Army readies to deliver first set of Strykers with 50-kilowatt laser weapons
  85. ↑ Jaspreet Gill (27 Feb 2023) Maxar plans geospatial data, multi-source collection for Army's One World Terrain
  86. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (20 May 2020) Army Braces For Post-COVID Cuts: Gen. Murray 34 Signature Programs: 31 in Futures Command, 3 in RCCTO
  87. ↑ MG Cedric T. Wins (5 Dec 2018) RDECOM'S ROAD MAP TO MODERNIZING THE ARMY: NEXT GENERATION COMBAT VEHICLE MODULAR ACTIVE PROTECTION SYSTEMS. Second in a series.
  88. ↑ U.S. Army Public Affairs (21 Sep 2023) Transcript: Media Roundtable with Douglas Bush, ASA for AL&T, September 19, 2023 Updates for IBCS, IVAS 1.2, Mid-range capability (MRC), AMPV, Abrams M1E3, XM30 (MPF), XM7, XM250, {Ukraine-related: 155mm shells, GMLRS, HIMARS, Javelin, Stinger, 777 tubes}, {other questions which are out of the scope of ASA(ALT), etc.}
  89. 1 2 Jen Judson (4 April 2019) US Army plans to field a future long-range assault helicopter by 2030 FLRAA
    • RFI posted on the Federal Business Opportunities, 4 April
    • Contract award: fourth quarter of FY21
    • preliminary design review (PDR) second quarter of FY23
    • first flight in the third quarter of FY24
    • critical design review (CDR) in the fourth quarter of FY24
    • fielding to first unit in second quarter of FY30
  90. ↑ Steve Trimble (24 July 2020) U.S. Army Upgrades Vision For Future Vertical Lift Programs
  91. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (10 April 2020) Army Revamps OMFV Bradley Replacement For Russian Front OMFV digital designs by 2023, prototypes by 2025, operational by 2028
  92. ↑ Judson, Jen (6 September 2022). "Futures Command faces identity crisis as Army shifts mission". Defense News. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  93. 1 2 Andrew Eversden (15 Sep 2022) Wormuth: Here are the 6 areas the Army must be prepared for in 2030
  94. 1 2 Christine Wormuth, 25th Secretary of the Army (10 Oct 2022) AUSA 2022 Opening Ceremony hour 0:37:50 to 1:05:41
  95. ↑ Patrick Tucker (14 Sep 2022) Ukraine War Offers Clues to Future War, Joint Chiefs Chairman Says
  96. ↑ The Economist (30 Nov 2022) What is the war in Ukraine teaching Western armies? "It shows the importance of dispersal, firepower and stockpiles"
  97. 1 2 Gen. David Goldfein and Gen. Jay Raymond (28 Feb 2020) America's future battle network is key to multidomain defense JADC2: " We cannot yet share data in a seamless and simultaneous way between the Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps or the Space Force"
  98. 1 2 Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (24 Oct 2022) Army of 2030: Collaboration key to Army modernization
  99. ↑ US Army Public Affairs (10 Oct 2022) AUSA Contemporary Military Forum: Army 2030 - Preparing Today for Tomorrow's Fight Gen. McConville, Gen.(Ret) Perkins, DepUnderSec Diaz, Gen. Rainey, LTG Beagle, Prof. Greer (SAMS)
  100. ↑ Caitlin Kenny (10 Oct 2022) Divisions, Corps to Replace Brigades As Army's Wartime Formation Of Choice "Brigades that operated largely independently in Iraq and Afghanistan will fight as part of larger units in future conflicts, officials said".
  101. 1 2 Jen Judson (29 Mar 2023) US Army has a 'gigantic problem' with logistics in the Indo-Pacific AMC is lead, AFC sets requirements
  102. ↑ TRADOC (13 Apr 2022) The Operational Environment and the Changing Character of Warfare TP 525-92
  103. ↑ Colin Demarest (21 Oct 2022) Project Convergence shows JADC2 alignment, leaders from 3 services say Interoperations "show the services are aligned and not disjointed".
  104. ↑ Jason Cutshaw (5 Dec 2022) Experiment demos Army space capabilities to test 300 technologies
  105. ↑ Megan Eckstein and Colin Demarest (8 Dec 2022) Project Overmatch: US Navy preps to deploy secretive multidomain tech
  106. ↑ Jen Judson (7 Feb 2023) Army sets sights on 2024 for next Project Convergence
  107. ↑ Ashley Roque (8 Feb 2023) No Convergence in 2023: Army deliberating the path ahead for signature JADC2 exercise
  108. ↑ Signal (10 Oct 2022) The Army Takes an Extended View to 2040
  109. ↑ Jaspreet Gill (19 Oct 2022) As Project Convergence tries new 'tech gateways', 2 AI algorithms to transition to programs of record Todd Army 2040
  110. ↑ Parth Satam (15 Nov 2022) Decoding HIMARS' 'Design Philosophy', Latest Images Show Russia Could Be Analyzing Deadly US Rockets
  111. ↑ Maureena Thompson, Army Futures Command (3 January 2023) AFC hosts inaugural Army Future Readiness Conference
  112. ↑ Jen Judson (8 Feb 2023) New Futures Command chief shifts main effort to designing Army of 2040
  113. ↑ John Ferrari (2 Mar 2023) Congress can put Army modernization back on track "AEI's John Ferrari asks five important questions that the Army needs to answer before committing to high-dollar procurments [sic] during its modernization push".
  114. ↑ Jen Judson (4 Apr 2023) The US Army moves to tweak its formations for future conflicts AFC to work with TRADOC
  115. 1 2 Jen Judson (31 July 2023) Army Futures Command drafting next operating concept
  116. ↑ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (19 May 2023) LANPAC 2023: Army faces most 'disruptive' period since World War II
  117. 1 2 3 Army Futures Command YouTube clip (7 December 2018) ARCIC Transition of Authority Ceremony 7 Dec 2018 to Futures and Concepts Center, AFC
  118. ↑ Army Futures Command FCC Leadership (20 February 2020). "Futures and Concepts Center". Futures and Concepts Center. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  119. 1 2 US Army (15 August 2018) Army Futures Command aims to tap into innovative culture in Austin and beyond
  120. 1 2 Federal News Radio Army has picked a location for its new Futures Command, but now comes the hard part
  121. 1 2 Scott McKean (14 Jul 2021) AFC Pamphlet 71-20-9 Army Futures Command Concept for Command and Control - Pursuing decision dominance AFCC-C2 is the future communications network. 14 Jul 2021 see: FUTURES AND CONCEPTS CENTER resources
  122. ↑ BETSY WOODRUFF SWAN, ANDREW DESIDERIO, LARA SELIGMAN and ERIN BANCO (22 Apr 2021) Pentagon investigated suspected Russian directed-energy attacks on U.S. troops
  123. 1 2 3 TRADOC Analysis Center. Combined Arms training center. Fort Leavenworth Archived 2 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  124. 1 2 "Mission Command Battle Lab (MCBL)". usacac.army.mil. US Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  125. 1 2 3 Argie Sarantinos-Perrin, CCDC HQ Public Affairs (31 January 2019) RDECOM transitions to Army Futures Command
  126. 1 2 Sydney Freedberg (10 Dec 2018) US Army's Brain Transplant: Futurists Move To Futures Command
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  128. 1 2 3 Lea, Maj. Brett (5 September 2018), "Army establishes Futures Command; U.S. Army JMC at Fort Bliss is operational arm", Fort Bliss Bugle
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  131. 1 2 Freedberg, Jr. (31 Jan 2019) Army Completes Biggest Reorg In 45 Years: Can Futures Command End Weapons Disasters? "... another thing we've not done very well—is doing the prototyping and experimentation with soldiers from the beginning, so we got soldier input into a program before it ever becomes a program of record" —Gen. 'Mike' Murray
  132. ↑ CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (29 April 2019) Army selects senior research scientist for terminal ballistics Fewer than 50 STs across the Army: An ST is a general-officer equivalent
  133. ↑ Jen Judson (6 September 2018) Military deputy to US Army acquisition now has two bosses
  134. ↑ Lt. Gen. Paul Ostrowski Bio
  135. 1 2 3 4 Ms. Audra Calloway (Picatinny) (19 September 2018) With new Army Futures Command, senior acquisition leader discusses role of Program Executive Offices
  136. ↑ ASA(ALT) (20 September 2019) Army Acquisition Reform
  137. 1 2 HQDA (3 May 2022) Army Directive 2022-07 (Army Modernization Roles and Responsibilities) AD2022-07 is 6 pages
  138. 1 2 3 Andrew Eversden (24 Jun 2022) House lawmakers ask Army: Who's in charge of massive modernization program? 180 day timer after FY2023 NDAA takes effect, could trigger rescission of AD2022-07. To find an Army document, enter the pub form identifier, such as "ar 71-9" in the menu: ARMY PUBLISHING INDEX
  139. 1 2 Marcus Weisgerber (10 Nov 2022) Defense Business Brief: What a split Congress means for defense spending;... "on the lame-duck Congress' to-do list: Pass the fiscal 2023 defense appropriation by December and the National Defense Authorization Act". Passage of the NDAA starts the 180-day timer on AD 2022-07.
  140. ↑ Myers (27 March 2018) Abrams: Army units will be tasked to work on each of Futures Command's priorities
  141. ↑ Arpi Dilanian and Matthew Howard (18 July 2019) The Cheese Has Moved: An Interview With Lt. Gen. Paul Ostrowski
  142. ↑ Ft Meade Soundoff! (19 July 2018) New site for Army Futures Command
  143. ↑ US Army (2020) AMERICA'S ARMY: READY NOW,INVESTING IN THE FUTURE FY19-21 accomplishments and investment plan
  144. ↑ Andrew Smith (9 Apr 2020) Convergence within SOCOM – A Bottom-Up Approach to Multi Domain Operations
  145. ↑ Todd South (17 Jun 2021) Even generals must learn new skills in tech-dominated special operations future
  146. ↑ Judson, Jen (29 March 2023). "US Army forms new modernization team to tackle contested logistics". Defense News. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  147. ↑ Ashley Rocque (7 Aug 2023) From petroleum pipes to pest problems, what a US Army 2-star learned from Talisman Sabre 23
  148. ↑ Ashley Roque (31 Mar 2023) Army to use Pacific Pathways to test assumptions about ‘contested logistics,’ prepositioned stocks
  149. ↑ Jen Judson (31 Mar 2023) Army Materiel Command boss says logistics are key to future warfare
  150. 1 2 Scott Maucione (14 Sep 2018) Army leaders ask for trust in lieu of metrics for Futures Command
  151. ↑ "Allies to join Army Futures Command". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  152. 1 2 3 4 Freedberg Jr, Sydney (14 August 2018). "Inside Army Futures Command: CFT Chiefs Take Charge". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  153. 1 2 US Army (6 Oct 2017) Army Directive 2017-24 (Cross-Functional Team Pilot In Support of Materiel Development)
  154. 1 2 3 4 Headquarters, Department of the Army (29 Jun 2021) Army Regulation 71–9 Force Management. Warfighting Capabilities Determination °1-6c, p.1) tasks for CG,AFC; °2-24 p.13) CG,AFC is a principal member of AROC, with 43 duties a through qq; °3-1 ch.3 pp20-21) AROC is a forum for requirements decisions (RDF); °4-1 p.24) CG,AFC is responsible for force design; °6-4 p39) figure 6-1 Deliberate staffing and review process; figures for more staffing and review processes follow.
  155. ↑ Research, Development, and Acquisition AR 71–9 (2009) Warfighting Capabilities Determination Aug 15, 2019 update
  156. ↑ Research, Development, and Acquisition (22 Jul 2011) Army Acquisition Policy Archived 22 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine AR 70-1
  157. ↑ Jared Serbu (11 Mar 2016) Army puts its chief of staff 'at the center' of acquisition decisions
  158. ↑ USAASC, Army ALT Magazine, Best Practices (16 February 2018) A Model and Process for Transitioning Urgent Acquisition - USAASC (United States Army Acquisition Corps)
  159. 1 2 Jen Judson (6 Sep 2022) Futures Command faces identity crisis as Army shifts mission
  160. 1 2 Judson, Jen (6 September 2022). "Army's next Futures Command leader could come 'in short order'". Defense News. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  161. 1 2 Eversden, Andrew (7 September 2022). "After months of delay, Army nominates new commander for Futures Command". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  162. 1 2 "Army announces new Futures Command leader as Texas senator calls for clarity on innovating force". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  163. 1 2 Sydney Freedberg (29 August 2018) Army Futures Command: $100M, 500 Staff, & Access To Top Leaders
  164. ↑ Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, US Army (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities
  165. 1 2 Office of the Chief of Public Affairs (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities
      1. Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing
      2. Tactical Space: SDA is structuring a multi-layer satellite system:
        1. Backbone layer for data transport downward to the long-range precision fires
        2. Custody layer for missiles' trajectories, whether friendly or threat
        3. Tracking layer for hypersonic glide vehicles which represent threats to the multi-layer satellite system
        4. Space situational awareness for cis-lunar trajectories,
      3. NavWar
  166. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (5 August 2020) Army Tests New All Domain Kill Chain: From Space To AI
    1. Initially, satellites feed data to TITAN.
    2. Prometheus, which is AI software, combs through the data for potential threats and targets.
    3. SHOT, which is also software, tracks each target on a custody list, correlating each target's current location, signature, and threat assessment, with a list of candidate fires countermeasures, ranked by capability, range to the target, kill radius, etc. "SHOT then computes the optimal match of weapons to targets", and passes the list to AFATDS.
    4. Human commanders choose whether to fire, or not, from the list of fires assets (Nelson notes that ERCA and Grey Eagle drones are to be added to the list of fires assets—currently M777 howitzers and MLRS 270 rocket launchers in the upcoming tests, August 2020).
    5. satellites perform Battle damage assessment, to update the list of threats and targets.
  167. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (14 August 2020) Can Army Intel Data Feed The Kill Chain? Quickly pooling data will take AI and cloud—"Project Convergence"
  168. ↑ Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, US Army (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities The Army is the largest user of Space
      1. Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing
      2. Tactical Space: SDA is structuring a multi-layer satellite system:
        1. Backbone layer for data transport downward to the long-range precision fires
        2. Custody layer for missiles' trajectories, whether friendly or threat
        3. Tracking layer for hypersonic glide vehicles which represent threats to the multi-layer satellite system
        4. Space situational awareness for cis-lunar trajectories,
      3. NavWar
  169. ↑ Lt. Gen. Eric J. Wesley, U.S. Army, Chief Warrant Officer 5 Jon Bates, U.S. Army (May-Jun 2020) To Change an Army—Winning Tomorrow The MDO concept —TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1
  170. ↑ SARA ARL (29 Jun 2021) Army program introduces new software for robot autonomy AIMM ERP (Artificial Intelligence for Maneuver and Mobility Essential Research Program)
  171. 1 2 3 Sean Kimmons "Army Futures Command aims to tap into innovative culture in Austin and beyond", Army News Service, 15 August 2018
  172. ↑ Lamothe, Dan (14 July 2018), "Why the Army decided to put its new high-tech Futures Command in Texas", Washington Post
  173. ↑ Technology Review (19 December 2016) The Pentagon's Innovation Experiment
  174. ↑ University of Texas System (13 July 2018) University of Texas System to serve as home base for U.S. Army Futures Command
  175. ↑ Ralph K.M. Haurwitz - American-Statesman Staff (10 August 2018) UT regents give Army's Futures Command free use of space temporarily Archived 10 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  176. ↑ Dr. Charles K. Pickar, Naval Postgraduate School (October 29, 2019) An exercise to experience
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  178. ↑ Lacdan, Joe (25 June 2019), Virtual program adds 'elite' dimensions to SHARP training, US Army
  179. 1 2 U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (3 February 2020) Army develops big data approach to neuroscience Dr. Jonathan Touryan, co-author
  180. 1 2 "Team White Sands Organizations". www.wsmr.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
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  182. ↑ DoD (16 May 2018) Army Officials Testify on FY 2019 Budget Request
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  184. ↑ Maj. Chris Parker, Dr. Paul Reese, Director, Fielded Force Integration Division, COL E.J. Karlberg, Director, Combined Arms Integration Directorate, and Mr. Rich Creed, Director, Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, Breaking Doctrine podcast at Fort Leavenworth (2020) Breaking Doctrine: Episode 14 - Transitioning the Army to MDO 1:02:44 How a Concept becomes Doctrine at TRADOC Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth DOTMLPF-P
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  186. ↑ Todd South (13 September 2019) Massive simulation shows the need for speed in multi-domain ops "400 participants working with 55 formations, 64 concepts and 150 capabilities"
  187. ↑ Mission Command Center Of Excellence (MC-CoE CDID)
  188. ↑ Maj. Gen. Maria R. Gervais (31 August 2018) The Synthetic Training Environment revolutionizes sustainment training
  189. ↑ Jacqueline M. Hames and Margaret C. Roth (14 January 2019) Virtual battlefield represents future of training Training as a service; more content at scale needed.
  190. ↑ Army ALT Magazine (29 January 2019) THEN AND NOW: TRAINING FOR THE FUTURE critique
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  192. 1 2 "Army pursuing improved realism in live and virtual training". www.army.mil. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
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  194. ↑ Cyber CoE - (its CDID)
  195. 1 2 David Vergun (29 March 2018) Army network modernization efforts spearheaded by new Cross-Functional Teams. The Army conducts a network demonstration at Fort Bliss, Texas. The Army is pursuing network modernization through Cross-Functional Teams.
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  197. ↑ Bob Purtiman, NGCV Cross-Functional Team (17 September 2018) Preparing for future battlefields: The Next Generation Combat Vehicle
  198. ↑ "Aviation CoE - (its CDID)". Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  199. ↑ "Aviation Industry Days: Army Aviation aims for more lethal Multi-Domain Operations capability". www.army.mil. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  200. ↑ Matthew Murch, Futures and Concepts Center (30 Jan 2023) Fires CDID: Supporting war-winning future readiness
  201. ↑ "Fires CoE - (its CDID and Battle Lab)". Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  202. 1 2 Col. Yi Se Gwon, Fort Sill Fires Bulletin (September–October 2018) The Army Multi-Domain Targeting Center
  203. ↑ Army Multi-Domain Targeting Center (16 July 2019) Target Mensuration Only TMO
  204. 1 2 Maj. Anthony Clas, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division Public Affairs: (SEPTEMBER 4, 2019) Target Mensuration course: Bulldog Brigade trains target acquisition with precision Target Mensuration Only (TMO) Including TMO in a unit training plan
  205. ↑ Mitch Meador, Fort Sill Tribune (August 27, 2020) Lawton Fort Sill welcomes 'Fires Five,' families
  206. ↑ Karen Flowers, Fort Sill Tribune (4 September 2020) Air defense Army Capability Manager gets new director
  207. 1 2 3 4 Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (11 September 2018) Aiming The Army's Thousand-Mile Missiles Multi-domain Ft Sill
  208. ↑ Intelligence CoE - no information on its CDID
  209. ↑ "Maneuver Support CoE - (its CDID and Battle Lab)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  210. ↑ Sustainment CoE CDID not found
  211. 1 2 APG Guide (12 January 2019) Aberdeen Proving Ground 2019 Your road map to the 'Home of Innovation' with more than 90 tenant organizations
  212. ↑ PEO Command Control Communications - Tactical (PEO C3T) (12 September 2018) ASA(ALT) MilDep talks APG's role in Futures Command Paul Ostrowski is PMILDEP to ASA(ALT)
  213. 1 2 Suits, Devon L. (22 August 2019), Army showcases new electronic warfare tech, Army News Service
  214. ↑ Caitlin O'Neill, PM PNT staff writer (17 November 2017) Army's PNT programs transition to PEO IEW&S
  215. ↑ Dan Lafontaine, C5ISR Center Public Affairs (19 November 2019) C5ISR Center hosts CCDC commander for town hall, lab tours "a renewed emphasis on collaboration across CCDC's eight research centers"
  216. ↑ Andrew Eversden (25 Oct 2021) Army Seeks 'Cutting Edge' Network-Aided PNT Technologies For Battle
  217. ↑ Theresa Hitchens (1 Nov 2021) Sandia's Atomic 'Avocado' Could Allow GPS-Free PNT
  218. ↑ Tobias Naegele (27 Nov 2022) Q&A: The New Chief of Space Operations on Empowering the Force "one B-2 hits 80 independent targets because of GPS".—Gen. B.Chance Saltzman, Space Force
  219. 1 2 3 Maj. Gen. Cedric T. Wins, CG RDECOM (25 September 2018) RDECOM's road map to modernizing the Army: Long-range precision fires First in a series
  220. ↑ RCCTO is located in Huntsville (26 August 2019): RCCTO- About us
  221. ↑ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (23 August 2019) Soldiers 'at the heart of' modernizing warfighter gear
  222. ↑ Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (25 February 2019) Army-funded researcher wins Nobel Prize
  223. ↑ Argie Sarantinos-Perrin, CCDC (21 August 2019) Army develops cold spray technology to repair Bradley gun mounts
  224. ↑ Army Research Laboratory (ARL) "Army releases top 10 list of coolest science, technology advances". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  225. ↑ LATechdigest.com (15 April 2016) US Army Research Lab Opens at USC ICT in Playa Vista Archived 9 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  226. 1 2 Defense.gov (12 February 2019) SUMMARY OF THE 2018 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STRATEGY
  227. ↑ Ashton Carter (2012-11-21) Autonomy in Weapon Systems Most recent DoD guideline: 2012
  228. ↑ Terri Moon Cronk "Artificial intelligence experts address getting capabilities to warfighters", army.mil, 13 December 2018
  229. ↑ Carnegie Mellon University (1 February 2019) Carnegie Mellon Hosts Activation of U.S. Army AI Task Force. Brigadier General Matt Easley is Director of Army Artificial Intelligence task force (A-AI TF)
  230. ↑ Gary Sheftick (13 August 2019) AI Task Force taking giant leaps forward Coordinating with: NREC, Talent management task force, the CFTs, and DOD's Joint AI Center
  231. ↑ Douglas Scott (6 August 2019) New wearable authentication more than a "token" gesture Tactical Identity and Access Management (TIDAM) see Army AI task force (A-AI TF)
  232. ↑ U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (27 February 2020) Army researchers enhance AI critical to Soldier-machine teamwork Explainability & tellability: coalition situational understanding (CSU) & human-agent knowledge fusion (HAKF)
  233. ↑ RDECOM Research Laboratory Public Affairs (18 December 2018) Black Hawk helicopter pilot interns with Army researchers
  234. ↑ "Army aligning modernization programs with other services". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  235. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (11 September 2020) JAIC Wants AI 'Victory Gardens' Across DoD
  236. ↑ Kaylan Hutchison, DAC Strategic Communications (22 Jun 2022) Collaborative agreement propels Army analysis of artificial intelligence
  237. 1 2 Eversden, Andrew "Army Software Factory experiments with a new culture to unleash coders in its ranks". C4ISRNet. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  238. 1 2 Army Futures Command "STAND-TO!". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021. Army Software Factory
  239. ↑ Katie Davis Skelley, DEVCOM Aviation & Missile Center Public Affairs (27 May 2022) Software Factory helps transform Army from industrial to information age 16-week boot camp. Four different tracks (platform engineer, software developer, product manager and designer). Anyone (soldier or Army civilian) can submit a problem to the Factory; A team interviews the problem, performs an initial scoping, and then decides whether to accept the problem to work on.
  240. ↑ Lindsay Grant (25 May 2022) New Army application enhances equipment readiness PMCS app developed by first cohort in ASF; allows soldiers to gain access to field manuals without a CAC card, using only a cell phone.
  241. ↑ USAF Assistant Secretary of Acquisition, Chief Software Office (19 Dec 2019) SpaceCAMP USAF Software Factory
  242. ↑ AI TF Artificial Intelligence Task Force Archived 24 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  243. ↑ Colin Clark (8 Aug 2021) Wormuth Hints At Cuts To 35 Core Army Modernization Programs
  244. ↑ Jaspreet Gill (10 March 2023) Marines teaming with Army on 3-year software factory pilot technical accelerator; 3 year pilot is to build applications; at least 50 Marines; 8 to enter the technical accelerator every 6 months; each of them in a program to accelerate modernization as product managers, designers, or software developers. The teams will learn baseline skillsets using pair programming for one-on-one mentoring, and utilization.
  245. ↑ US Army (27 June 2018) U.S. Army to host tactical Cloud computing industry forum army.mil
  246. ↑ Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (26 November 2019) The Army gathers industry to inspire network modernization Network Cross-Functional Team (N-CFT) and PEO C3T hosted 670 industry partners at the Technical Exchange Meeting (TEM) 4, Capability Set (CS) 23. www.army.mil
  247. 1 2 Nathan Strout (30 Nov 2019) Can hundreds of unrelated satellites create a GPS backup?
  248. ↑ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (3 August 2018) Army leveraging industry ideas to modernize network
  249. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (21 January 2020) Army 'Fully Committed To Replacing The Bradley': Gen. McConville Bradley fighting vehicle replacement is still a project
  250. 1 2 Andrew Eversden (24 Aug 2022) Army's robotic vehicle slipped behind 'enemy' lines in European exercise
  251. ↑ Spc. Garrison Waites (12 Jun 2022) Soldiers get hands-on experience with new tech during Combined Resolve Using RCVs with Javelins and CROWS
  252. 1 2 Andrew Eversden (21 Oct 2022) 'Lightning in a bottle': Inside the 'Origin' of the Army's future robotic fleet
  253. ↑ Andrew Eversden (22 Nov 2021) Robotic vehicles, drones coordinate recon at Army's Project Convergence 21
  254. ↑ Ben Watson (6 May 2022) Defense One Radio, Ep. 99: The role of drones in Russia's Ukraine invasion
  255. 1 2 3 Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (19 Mar 2021) Army Outlines Ambitious Schedule For Robots, Armor
  256. ↑ Army.mil "Robotic combat vehicles could change way Army looks, fights". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  257. ↑ Defense One staff (9 Sep 2022) The Army's top officer discusses the future of the force and how the six-month-old Ukraine invasion is evolving. LTG Scott McKean
  258. ↑ Army Futures Command (19 Sep 2022) Project Convergence 2022 to demonstrate futuristic joint, multinational warfighting technologies inaugural PC22 Technology Gateway
  259. ↑ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (21 Sep 2022) Army to test robotic vehicles on land and sea during PC 22 AFC's McKean: JADC2 experiment to reach from continental US to Pacific: 1) establish an IAMD; 2) use Joint offensive fires; 3) examine which authorities and policies hinder the mission
  260. 1 2 Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (14 Nov 2022) Can the Army's robotics programs build AI the Silicon Valley way? RCV navigation: "DIU has brokered a potentially groundbreaking contract between the Army's Robotic Combat Vehicle program and a small California firm that trains AI algorithms to navigate off-road".
  261. ↑ Max Boot (28 May 2023) Opinion: An Army command like no other seeks to master the future of war
  262. ↑ AUSA 2023 Warriors Corner: BG Stephanie Ahern, moderator (9 Oct 2023) Human Machine Integrated Formations panel First fielding 2028
  263. ↑ Ms. Karen Diane Kurtz (ASA (ALT)) and Steven Y. Lusher (JPEO CBRND PAO) (8 October 2018) ASA(ALT) Participates in U.S. Army Futures Command Panel at AUSA
  264. 1 2 Matthew Cox (14 Sep 2018) Head of Army Futures Command Fields Tough Questions From Congress
  265. 1 2 3 Richard Simonetti (23 April 2018) "US Army turns to new technologies" linkedin.com
  266. 1 2 Acquisition process: Materiel development decision (MDD)
  267. 1 2 3 4 5 (24 October 2019) Army Pushes 600 Programs From Acquisition To Sustainment
  268. ↑ USArmy tweet: Futures Command will have the overarching objective to achieve clear overmatch in future conflicts, making Soldiers and units more lethal to win the nation's wars, then return home safely.
  269. ↑ Anthony Small Futures Command Deputy Commanding General talks the U.S. Army's Future at South by Southwest, US Army, 13 March 2019
  270. 1 2 3 Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) ASA(ALT) Archived 18 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine—Org Chart as of May 2020 see also February 2020, and 11/5/19, as well as Org Chart as of 11/26/18
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  272. ↑ Jacqueline M. Hames, U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center (31 January 2020) TWI: worth it Training with Industry: a work-experience program for Army Acquisition officers (from captain to lieutenant colonel). "After their TWI rotation, officers are expected to identify industry best practices and implement them at their next duty station"
  273. ↑ A sample career path here: Aviation Engineering director to SES
  274. ↑ (1 Aug 2018) Military (Officer) Corner: Army Acquisition Centralized Selection List
  275. ↑ (29 Apr 2015) Army Acquisition Corps Recognized
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  277. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (24 January 2019) Bell V-280 Flies 322 MPH: Army Secretary Praises Program
  278. 1 2 3 4 Secretary of the Army, Mark T. Esper, ESTABLISHMENT OF UNITED STATES ARMY FUTURES COMMAND Army General order G.O.2018-10
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  280. ↑ Clark, Colin (2019-05-24) Army Moves Out On Lasers, Hypersonics: Lt. Gen. Thurgood
  281. ↑ Jen Judson (13 March 2019) Army Rapid Capabilities Office is getting a new name and mission
  282. 1 2 Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (22 August 2018) Army Warhead Is Key To Joint Hypersonics
  283. ↑ Judson, Jen (5 June 2019). "Coming soon to the US Army: Combat-capable hypersonic and laser weapons". C4ISRNet. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  284. 1 2 Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (19 March 2019) Army Sets 2023 Hypersonic Flight Test; Strategic Cannon Advances
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  286. ↑ For example,
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  289. 1 2 3 Army Directive 2017-33 (Enabling the Army Modernization Task Force) (7 November 2017) References Decker-Wagner 2011
  290. ↑ Argie Sarantinos-Perrin (17 October 2018) RDECOM at the forefront of creating a more modern, lethal Army
  291. ↑ "Get that moving truck ready". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  292. ↑ "US Army Futures Command to reform modernization, says secretary of the Army". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  293. ↑ AUSA 2018 CMF #1: Army Futures Command Unifies Force Modernization DVIDS video of panelists Gen. Murray, Sec. McCarthy, Dr. Jette, and Trae Stephens
  294. ↑ Trae Stephens (6 Jun 2022) Rebooting the arsenal of democracy 4 principles for the new defense companies
  295. ↑ Association of the United States Army (AUSA): Scott R. Gourley (Friday, 13 January 2017) CLOSING THE CAPABILITIES GAP: SEVEN THINGS THE ARMY NEEDS FOR A WINNING FUTURE
  296. 1 2 United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) Report: GAO-17-457 (Jun 2017) ARMY CONTRACTING Leadership Lacks Information Needed to Evaluate and Improve Operations
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  298. ↑ Hannah Wiley (6 April 2018) Program cuts likely under Army secretary's new Futures Command
  299. ↑ Jen Judson (17 July 2018) US Army asks Congress to shift millions in FY18 dollars. What's behind the request?
  300. 1 2 David Vergun (5 September 2018) Richardson confirmed as Futures Command deputy commander
  301. ↑ FY2021 budget request: Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (13 February 2020) Army budget request eyes $2B boost for modernization
    • $10.6 billion for modernization in 2021 request, up from $8.5 billion in 2020
      • LRPF: $1700 million
      • FVL: $514 million
      • OMFV: $328 million
      • MPF: $135 million
      • LTAMDS: $376 million
      • IFPC $236 million
  302. 1 2 3 Todd South, Military Times (8 May 2019) 4 things the general in charge of the Army's newest command says are needed to win the wars of the future
  303. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (15 January 2020) Army To Navy: Hey, We Already Get Less $$ Than You Army: 26.6%; Navy: 28.7%; Air Force: 28.5%; Other: 16.3%
  304. ↑ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (7 February 2020) Vice chief of staff: Speed of modernization no longer at 'glacial pace'
  305. ↑ Kern Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC) 2004
  306. ↑ Ed Worley (1 October 2018) Two contracting centers achieve full operational capability
  307. ↑ Jon Harper (3 April 2020) COVID-19 NEWS: Army Trying to Mitigate Disruptions for Top Modernization Programs
  308. 1 2 Connie Lee (3/26/2019) NEWS FROM AUSA GLOBAL: Army Fleshing Out Updated Modernization Strategy
  309. ↑ "Readiness for the 21st Century: An interview with retired Gen. David McKiernan". www.army.mil. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
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  311. ↑ Sydney Freeberg (6 September 2018) 'A Little Bit Disruptive': Murray & McCarthy On Army Futures Command
  312. ↑ Acqnote AcqNotes (17 Jan 2017) Other Transaction Authority (OTA) Guide – 17 Jan 2017
  313. ↑ Paul McCleary (31 December 2018) Amidst Turmoil, Pentagon Persists On Acquisition Reform: Ellen Lord
  314. 1 2 Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (30 August 2019) Hypersonics: Army Awards $699M To Build First Missiles For A Combat Unit prototypes—Dynetics: Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB); Lockheed: Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)
  315. ↑ Mr. Kinsey Kiriakos (ASA (ALT)) (20 November 2019) Army Acquisition Leaders Must "Speak Truth To Power" MTA and OTA
  316. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (27 Feb 2023) Rapid updates, flexible authorities key for modern combat, says Army acquisition chief Use DOD Instruction 5000.87 for Software Pathway (SWP) acquisition process, under middle tier acquisition authority.
  317. ↑ Jen Judson (26 March 2018) The next Army program executive office will be the Rapid Capabilities Office
  318. ↑ Jen Judson (7 Oct 2018) Army Rapid Capabilities Office realigned to focus on top modernization priorities
  319. ↑ RCO RCCTO (2019) Army Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office
  320. 1 2 Phil Fountain, U.S. Army Futures Command (7 August 2019) Army Futures Command charts a campaign plan No uniforms
  321. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (14 Oct 2020) Army Seeks Open Architecture For All Air & Ground Systems: Jette In the spirit of MOSA, JADC2, & Project convergence:
    • Army Common Operating Environment (COE)
    • C5ISR/EW Modular Open Suite of Standards (CMOSS)
    • Future Air-Borne Capability Environment (FACE)
    • Integrated Sensor Architecture (ISA)
    • Sensor Open Systems Architecture (SOSA)
    • Vehicle Integration for C4ISR/EW Interoperability (VICTORY)
  322. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (13 Nov 2020) QinetiQ Delivers Armed Scout Robot To Army: RCV-L uses UGV Interoperability Profile
  323. ↑ Katherine Spivey and Wendy Wagner-Smith (19 May 2021) Positioning Yourself as a Plain Language Editor
  324. ↑ Headquarters, Department of the Army (1 October 2022) FM 3-0 OPERATIONS 280 pages
  325. ↑ AUSA 2022 (10 Oct 2022) AUSA Contemporary Military Forum: Army 2030 - Preparing Today for Tomorrow's Fight Office of the Chief of Public Affairs
  326. ↑ Andrew Feickert, Specialist in Military Ground Forces, Congressional Research Service (CRS) (31 May 2022) The Army's Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF) report IF11797
  327. ↑ Christine Wormuth (10.11.2021) AUSA 2021
  328. ↑ U.S. Department of Defense (28 Aug 2023) Deputy Secretary of Defense Kathleen Hicks Keynote Address: 'The Urgency to Innovate' (As Delivered) Replicator, introduced at the "NDIA Emerging Technologies for Defense Conference"— Replicator is meant to overcome PRC's mass with AI en masse
  329. ↑ Todd South (20 Sep 2022) Army missile teams will add robots and multi-payload rockets —Hunter Blackwell, CCDC Aviation and Missile Center (AvMC)
  330. ↑ US Army AvMC (16 Jun 2021) Video: Autonomous missile launcher destroys enemy threats AvMC concept video —autonomous multi-domain launcher (AML): Jen Judson (16 Jun 2021) US Army fires autonomous launcher in Pacific-focused demo AML demo at Fort Sill utilized a HIMARS launcher and the AML
  331. ↑ Breaking Defense A series on: Army Strategic Fires
  332. 1 2 Sydney J. Freedberg, Jr. (28 May 2019) Beyond INF: An Affordable Arsenal Of Long-Range Missiles? INF Treaty likely to expire in August 2019
  333. ↑ Loren Thompson (7 Aug 2020) Army breakthroughs in Long-range fires raise novel questions about targeting, organization, and command about SLRC, a long-barrelled cannon which uses GPS-guided munitions
  334. ↑ Matthew Cox (14 September 2018) The Army is developing a new strategic cannon to devastate targets over 1,000 miles away
  335. 1 2 Sean Gallagher (10/15/2019) Bringing in the big gun: Army paves way for "strategic cannon"
  336. ↑ Judson, Jen (15 October 2019). "Strategic, long-range cannon preps to jump its first tech hurdle". Defense News. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  337. ↑ Eric Kowal (August 27, 2020) By Improving Artillery Shells, Picatinny Engineers Seek to Greatly Extend Range of Cannon Artillery
  338. ↑ Richard P. Hansen, Scranton Army Ammunition Plant (August 19, 2020) Scranton Army Ammunition Plant Manufactures and Ships Large-Caliber Ammunition Metal Parts
  339. 1 2 3 Lacdan, Joe (19 June 2019). "Army leaders say service must shore up its space defense" (PDF). Army News Service. I Corps has I2CEWS Battalion or Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare and Space Battalion. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2023. (Fyi: the "original" link at "fortblissbugle.com" is now a gaming site. Only use the archive link.)
  340. 1 2 3 Jason Cutshaw (SMDC/ARSTRAT) (21 February 2019) SMDC supports the development of I2CEWS battalions for multi-domain operations
  341. ↑ Monica K. Guthrie, LRPF communications director (9 October 2019) Army Futures Command gains new general
  342. ↑ Daniel Cebul (8 Oct 2018) Army looks to a future of integrated fire
  343. ↑ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (24 October 2019) TITAN system being developed to tie 'deep sensing' to long-range fires For use in I2CEWS battalion of a Multi-domain task force
  344. ↑ Sandra Erwin (19 April 2021) U.S. Army approves plans for a future 'tactical space layer' "tactical space layer will be integrated with an existing ground station called Tactical Intelligence Targeting Access Node (TITAN)"
  345. ↑ ARL Public Affairs (16 October 2018) Researchers develop technique to locate robots, Soldiers in GPS-challenged environments
  346. ↑ Joe Lacdan, Army News Service (10 June 2019) Army leaders: Space tech crucial to future combat
  347. ↑ "Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing Cross Functional Team Assessment Exercise, 1-16 Aug 2019, WSMR". rfpdb.com.
  348. ↑ Positioning, Navigation and Timing Assessment Exercise (PNTAX)
  349. 1 2 Koester, Jonathan (4 September 2019). "Army, JMC assess new navigation, positioning systems. Wearable A-PN". fortissbugle.com. Joint Modernization Command Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2023. (Fyi: the "original" link at "fortblissbugle.com" is now a gaming site. Only use the archive link.)
  350. ↑ Mark Pomerleau (28 March 2019) If GPS goes out, the Army now has a requirement for that
  351. ↑ Caitlin O'Neill, APNT CFT Public Affairs (23 August 2019) APNT CFT Hosts First Annual Assessment Exercise
  352. ↑ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (7 October 2019) Army fields anti-jam GPS, plans for thousands more by 2028
  353. ↑ Dan Lafontaine, CCDC C5ISR Center Public Affairs (17 June 2019) Futures Command looks to enable plug-and-play PNT across Army platforms
  354. ↑ Theresa Hitchens and Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (7 August 2019) Army Seeks Small Satellites To Support Ground Troops 3 programs: Gunsmoke, Lonestar and Polaris.
  355. ↑ Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (10 March 2020) Army looks to leverage 'low Earth orbit' satellites: LEO satellites orbit 100-1200 miles above Earth
  356. ↑ CCDC Army Research Laboratory (29 August 2019) Army scientists discover a new way for robots to exchange directed messages
  357. ↑ Kim, M., Pallecchi, E., Ge, R. et al. (2020) Analogue switches made from boron nitride monolayers for application in 5G and terahertz communication systems. Nature Electron https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-020-0416-x
  358. ↑ Todd South (20 Nov 2020) New Army research breakthrough could lead to more powerful lasers
    • David J. Pine is investigator for ARO, using colloids of microscopic spheres which can assemble bottom-up into promising structures.
    • Mingxin He, Johnathon P. Gales, Étienne Ducrot, Zhe Gong, Gi-Ra Yi, Stefano Sacanna, & David J. Pine (23 Sep 2020) Colloidal diamond
  359. ↑ Michael Howard (11 September 2020) Technology Providing Navigation in GPS-Denied Environment wins Grand Prize in xTechSearch Competition
  360. ↑ Sydney J Freedberg Jr.Iron Dome Doesn't Work For Army: Gen. Murray: Interoperability with IBCS is critical, breakingdefense.com, 5 March 2020
  361. ↑ Jen Judson (27 March 2019) Army debuts missile defense framework in move to counter drones, hypersonic threats
  362. ↑ Paul McLeary (17 January 2019) Missile Defense Review a Multi-Billion IOU to White House
  363. ↑ Miles Brown (5 July 2019) Aviation, missile commander addresses workforce CG Todd Royar's statement of his expectations
  364. ↑ PROGRAM EXECUTIVE OFFICE MISSILES AND SPACE (2018) Army Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) Program Overview Archived 23 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  365. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (1 October 2018) Army Awards Northrop $289M For IBCS Missile Defense Network
  366. ↑ Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (13 March 2019) FY20 budget to boost air & missile defense
  367. ↑ Sean Kimmons, Army News Service "Joint hypersonic weapon tests to start next year". www.army.mil. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  368. ↑ Gary Sheftick, Army News Service (9 September 2019) Smart sensor network helps redirect missile The GBU-69 was redirected; FARA is slated to replace AH-64 in subsequent A3I experiments
  369. ↑ Dan Gouré (20 Mar 2020) SOCOM Has Solved the Military's 'Tower of Babel' Problem
  370. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (25 February 2020) Future Vertical Lift: Army's Aerial Vanguard LRPF will be the prime customer for the AI targeting data provided via FVL. The Joint force is also a consumer of this data, provided by FVL's manned or unmanned missions.
  371. ↑ Claire Heininger (9 August 2018) Army, Air Force team on sensor to shooter prototype for multi-domain battle
  372. ↑ Mark Pomerleau (11 April 2018) In the move to multi-domain operations, what gets lost? The space, cyber, and information domains transcend geographic AoRs
  373. ↑ Dan Gouré (2 August 2019) Army Futures Command's Report Card After Its First Year Need: MDO doctrine in DoD, Two theater operation at island & continent, augment BCTs with higher echelon capability
  374. ↑ ARL (24 September 2018) New Army technology guides Soldiers in complete darkness
  375. ↑ Andrew Eversden (18 Oct 2021) Army Says Next-Gen AR Goggles Delayed Over Field Of View Issues
  376. ↑ Joe Lacdan (13 May 2019) Augmented reality training on the horizon to give Soldiers edge in combat allows repetition, for training
  377. ↑ Tom McKay (6 April 2019) The Army Just Gave a Press Demo of Microsoft's HoloLens 2 Military Prototype
  378. ↑ Bridgett Siter (19 November 2019) Soldiers test new IVAS technology, capabilities with hand-on exercises IVAS: 1 Soldier Touchpoint (STP) STP is becoming rapid acquisitions methodology for AFC
  379. ↑ Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs (19 November 2019) The Army's tactical network empowers advanced goggle platform IVAS is under STP 2-- "In July 2020, STP 3 will fully integrate the ITN with IVAS"
  380. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (13 December 2019) Soldiers, Coders Surprise Army Brass By Changing IVAS Goggles FOV is turning out to be more important to the infantrymen than the range of the goggles
  381. ↑ Devon L. Suits, Army News Service (9 December 2019) Third IVAS evaluation slated for July Soldier Touchpoint successfully increased IVAS FOV to 80 degrees while range of the goggles was still at 900 meters, from thermal nightsight capability
  382. ↑ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (10 February 2020) New technology recognizes faces in the dark, far away Combines night vision with facial recognition
  383. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (5 October 2020) From 'Frankengoggle' To Battle-Ready: Army IVAS waterproof IVAS
  384. ↑ Adam Stone (30 Sep 2021) US Army makes headway on Synthetic Training Environment
  385. ↑ Andrew Eversden (1 Dec 2021) Wormuth: Here's the Army's role in a Pacific fight
  386. ↑ Immersive Ops (15 Nov 2021) Immersive Wisdom briefs Secretary of the Army at Project Convergence '21 on future of Army operations centers 3D Virtual Operations Center software platform
  387. ↑ Caitlin M Kenney (1 Dec 2021) Army Would Have 5 'Core Tasks' in a Pacific Conflict
  388. ↑ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (6 February 2020) Army scientists on verge of nearly unbreakable battery First announced in 2015
  389. ↑ U.S. Army CCDC Research Laboratory Public Affairs (5 February 2020) Army scientists look inside batteries with a molecular eye CCDC ARL "teamed with researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory" (PNNL)
  390. ↑ CCDC Army Research Laboratory March 2020) Researchers imagine devices without cords or batteries Molybdenum disulphide
  391. ↑ Dan Lafontaine, C5ISR Center Public Affairs (4 May 2020) In modernization push, Army researches integrated power cables for Soldiers uses technology from Foreign Comparative Testing program (FCT)
  392. ↑ Dan Lafontaine, C5ISR Center Public Affairs (17 Jan 2020) Army boosts Soldier battery power for greater lethality, mobility by using silicon-based anodes
  393. ↑ U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs (25 February 2020) Additive manufacturing to provide Soldiers with cutting-edge munitions They "printed the world's first 3-D hybrid microcontroller circuit on a hemisphere that survived high G environments".
  394. ↑ NSRDEC Public Affairs (15 October 2018) Natick's exoskeleton work is a powerful step toward the future of Soldier lethality
  395. ↑ RDECOM Soldier Center, Public Affairs Office (23 January 2019) Soldier Center partners with industry experts to advance exoskeleton technologies
  396. ↑ Harvard (17 Sep 2018) Multi-joint Personalized Exosuit Breaks New Ground video clip
  397. ↑ David Roza (26 Aug 2022) The Army wants exoskeletons so soldiers can defeat their worst enemy: Lower back pain Assistive technology adds 3 pounds of equipment, but stabilizes lower back
  398. ↑ Jerilyn Coleman (28 Apr 2022) DEVCOM teams explore low-cost, lightweight sensors for warfighter use Chem Bio Center (CBC) sensors to detect possible hazardous contamination
  399. ↑ Thomas Brading, Army News Service (29 August 2019) Army closer to delivering new infantry squad vehicle (ISV)
    • 9 Soldiers of an infantry squad will maneuver in an ISV
    • Plans to purchase 649 prototypes were approved in February 2019
    • 3 industry leaders have been named (23 Aug. 2019), to deliver ISV prototypes
      1. Oshkosh Defense/Flyer,
      2. GM Defense, and
      3. SAIC/Polaris
    • Prototypes are due for initial assessment at Aberdeen Test Center 13 November 2019 through December 2019
    • At Fort Bragg a second round of operational testing by Soldiers will be performed on the candidate ISV prototypes
    • Downselect to one vendor is expected 2nd Quarter of FY2020
  400. ↑ Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (8 October 2019) Who Will Build 651 Parachuting Trucks For The Army? 2 air-drop-able prototypes from each vendor due 13 November 2019,
  401. ↑ Kyle Mizokami (13 Oct 2019) Meet the Army's New Airborne Trucks
  402. ↑ GM Defense LLC (8 Aug 2020) US Army Selects GM Design for Infantry Squad Vehicle
  403. ↑ Ashley Roque (5 Apr 2023) US Army waves green flag for Infantry Squad Vehicle full-rate production
  404. 1 2 Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. (19 December 2019) AI & Robots Crush Foes In Army Wargame
  405. ↑ Austin gets its general; Army Futures Command leader confirmed
  406. ↑ "PN2622—Lt. Gen. John M. Murray—Army". U.S. Congress. 16 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  407. ↑ Jen Judson (12 Jul 2021) Army Futures Command chief on what his team got right — and wrong — since its founding
  408. ↑ "Promotion Ceremony iho LTG James E. Rainey". DVIDS. 7 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  409. ↑ TRADOC Regulation 10-5-1 G357
  410. 1 2 3 James Kennedy (2019) Force Management Model - Complete
  411. 1 2 3 United States Army War College and Army Force Management School (2019-2020) How the Army Runs HTAR: A senior leader reference handbook which synthesizes "existing and developing National, Defense, Joint, and Army systems, processes, and procedures currently practiced"
  412. ↑ Army Futures Command (28 Dec 2023) Army coordinates across disciplines to advance future readiness
  413. ↑ James Kennedy (Aug 2022) JCIDS (ACIDS)
  414. ↑ James Kennedy, CGSC (Jun 2022) AY22 Force Integration CGSC Weekly meetings on Change, Crisis, Competition, or Conflict. 50:31
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