Rav Zemah ben Paltoi, also spelt Tzemach ben Poltoi, Zemaḥ Gaon, (Hebrew: צמח גאון בר מר רב פולטוי) (died 890 CE),[1] was the Gaon of Pumbeditha from 872 up until his death in 890.

Biography

Zemah's father, Paltoi ben Abaye, was the Pumbedita Gaon from 841-858, an office which Zemah served himself, after the death of the previous Gaon, Abba ben Ammi. Zemah is most noted for his compilation of the first Talmudic dictionary, the Arukh, a work listing some 300 Aramaic terms, as well as a list of names and places recorded in the Babylonian Talmud. His work became the model on which two later works were based: one compiled under the same name in 1101 CE, by R. Nathan ben Jehiel of Rome,[2] and another, a Judeo-Arabic lexicon, compiled by David ben Abraham al-Fasi nearly one-hundred years earlier, and which work elucidates difficult words in the Hebrew Bible. Zemah ben Paltoi's Arukh was in response to a query addressed to him about obscure Aramaic words found in the Talmud.[3] The entries of his lexicon were arranged in alphabetical order, but the work is no longer extant. Excerpts of the work are quoted by Abraham Zacuto in his Sefer Yuchasin. Some of Zemah ben Paltoi's extant responsa concern a man who died in Kairouan and whose heirs were living in Spain, and another concerning a woman whose Ketubbah (marriage contract) had been lost.[4] Zemah ben Paltoi was an ancestor of Rabbi Hai Gaon, from Hai Gaon's maternal line.[2] He was also the great-grandfather of Sherira Gaon.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Sherira Gaon (1988). The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon. Translated by Nosson Dovid Rabinowich. Jerusalem: Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press - Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim. pp. 143, 154 (note 51). OCLC 923562173.. An error in the computation of the Gaon's death befell the copyist of Sefer HaKabbalah, where his date of death was erroneously put at 4633 anno mundi (corresponding with 873 CE). The same error prompted R. Zacuto to emend his copy of Ravad's Sefer HaKabbalah.
  2. 1 2 Sherira Gaon (1988). The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon. Translated by Nosson Dovid Rabinowich. Jerusalem: Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press - Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim. p. 143. OCLC 923562173.
  3. ↑ Holder, Meir (1986). History of the Jewish People: From Yavneh to Pumbedisa (Nine Centuries from the Destruction of the Second Temple to the End of the Geonic Period). Mesorah Publications, Ltd. p. 291. ISBN 0-89906-499-X.
  4. ↑ Gil, M. (1990–1991). "The Babylonian Yeshivot and the Maghrib in the Early Middle Ages". Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research. 57: 86–87. doi:10.2307/3622655. JSTOR 3622655.
  5. ↑ "Ẓemaḥ ben Paltoi | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
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