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All 217 seats to the Assembly of the Representatives of the People 109 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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.svg.png.webp) Map showing the plurality of votes of the parties in each Tunisian governorate. Red voted for Nidaa Tounes and Blue voted for Ennahdha. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Africa portal  Politics portal |
Parliamentary elections were held in Tunisia on 26 October 2014.[1] Campaigning started on 4 October 2014.[2] They were the first free regular legislative elections since independence in 1956, and the first elections held following the adoption of the new constitution in January 2014, which created a 217-seat Assembly of the Representatives of the People.[3] According to preliminary results, Nidaa Tounes gained a plurality of votes, winning 85 seats in the 217-seat parliament, beating the Ennahda Movement (69 seats) and many smaller parties.
Presidential elections were held a month later on 23 November.[4]
Electoral system
The 217 members of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People were elected in 33 constituencies. There were 27 multi-member constituencies in Tunisia varying in size from four to ten seats and electing a total of 199. There were also six overseas constituencies electing a total of 18 seats: two constituencies in France electing five seats each, one three-seat constituency in Italy, a single-member constituency in Germany, a two-member constituency covering the rest of Europe and the Americas, and a two-member constituency covering the Arab world and the rest of the world. Seats were elected by party-list proportional representation, using the largest remainder method.[5]
Opinion polls
Poll results are listed in the table below in chronological order, showing the most recent polls last.
| Poll list | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Undecided | Aridha/ al-Mahaba |
CPR | Ennahda | Ettakatol | PT/FP | PDP/PR | Nidaa Tounes | Other |
| 2011 election | Oct 23, 2011 | 51.97% turnout | – | 6.74% | 8.71% | 37.04% | 7.03% | 1.57% | 3.94% | – | 34.97% |
| I Watch[6] | Dec 2011 | 15,000 | – | 6% | 25% | 52% | – | – | – | – | – |
| I Watch[7] | Jan 9–14, 2012 | 15,000 | – | 5% | 22% | 56% | 8% | – | 9% | – | – |
| I Watch[8] | Feb 2012 | 15,000 | – | – | 22% | 52% | 9% | – | 11% | – | – |
| SIGMA[9] | Feb 28 – Mar 2, 2012 | 1002 | 49.1% | 1.3% | 9.1% | 28.2% | 5.2% | 1.0% | 2.2% | – | 4.0% |
| I Watch[10][11] | Mar 2012 | 16,181 | – | 5th | 22% | 51% | 4th | – | 3rd | – | – |
| FSSA[12] | May 2012 | 2,430 | 45% | 4.1% | 4.3% | 29.0% | – | – | – | – | – |
| SIGMA[13] | May 2012 | 1000 | – | – | 6.2% | 37.5% | 7.5% | – | – | – | – |
| I Watch[11] | Apr 2012 | 15,000 | – | 9% | 20% | 48% | 10% | – | 13% | – | – |
| Amilkar News[14] | Jun 2012 | ? | – | ? | ? | 13% | ? | 8% | 13% | 50% | 16% |
| Emrhod[15][16] | Jun 18–22, 2012 | 960 | 41.6% | 1.5% | 7.9% | 25.5% | 4.0% | 2.6% | 4.2% | 5.2% | 7.5% |
| 3C Etudes[17] | Sep 2012 | ? | ? | 5.4% | 6.5% | 30.4% | 4.1% | 5.6% | 7.6% | 20.8% | ? |
| FSSA[18] | Aug 29 – Sep 7, 2012 | 1280 | 55.2% | 1.4% | 2.1% | 22.3% | 1.7% | 4.6% | 1.8% | 7.9% | ? |
| IRI[19] | Oct 2012 | ? | 41% | – | 6% | 27% | 6% | 3% | – | 6% | 11% |
| 3C Etudes[20] | Oct 2012 | 1665 | ? | 5.6% | 5.0% | 30.9% | 3.4% | 5.6% | 5.8% | 28.1% | ? |
| SIGMA[21] | Nov 2012 | ? | ? | 3.4% | 12.4% | 36.1% | 4.1% | 5.3% | 2.2% | 29.1% | ? |
| 3C Etudes[22] | Nov 2012 | 1648 | ? | 4.7% | 4.6% | 31.4% | 3.8% | 6.9% | 5.4% | 29.6% | ? |
| Emrhod[23][24] | Dec 2012 | 1200 | ? | 2.5% | 3.8% | 20.4% | 1.8% | 5.3% | 0.7% | 15.8% | ? |
| SIGMA[25] | Dec 18–21, 2012 | 1892 | ? | 0.7% | 6.8% | 41.4% | 1.9% | 7.8% | 3.1% | 36.0% | 2.3% |
| 3C Etudes[26] | Dec 2012 | 1692 | ? | 5.1% | 4.7% | 33.9% | 3.4% | 9.4% | 6% | 28.4% | 9.3% |
| 3C Etudes[27] | Jan 2013 | 1652 | ? | 3.5% | 3.5% | 33.0% | 2.9% | 7.9% | 5.6% | 33.1% | 10.5% |
| SIGMA[28][29] | Feb 2013 | 1715 | ? | 1.5% | 3.5% | 37.7% | 1.7% | 13.3% | 3.1% | 34.6% | 4.4% |
| 3C Etudes[30] | Feb 2013 | 1347 | ? | 5.9% | 3.1% | 29.4% | 2.3% | 12.2% | 7.1% | 29.8% | ? |
| Emrhod[31] | Feb 2013 | 1060 | 22.9% (none) 16.8% (und.) | 1.9% | 2.4% | 19.5% | 1.0% | 7.5% | 2.4% | 18.7% | 6.9% |
| 3C Etudes[32] | Mar 2013 | 1609 | 38.5% | 6.5% | 1.7% | 30.9% | 1.5% | 9.2% | 6.4% | 28.7% | ? |
| Emrhod[33] | Mar 2013 | 1065 | 26.2% (none) 8.5% (und.) | 2.1% | 1.2% | 20.0% | 1.2% | 7.7% | 3.5% | 23.5% | ? |
| 3C Etudes[34] | Apr 2013 | 1695 | 44% | 5.7% | 2.1% | 30.1% | 1.4% | 11% | 5.8% | 32.3% | ? |
| FSSA[35][36] | Apr 2013 | 1210 | 11.7% (none) 35% (und.) | 2.6% | 1.5% | 21.3% | 1.3% | 5.0% | 2.2% | 17.5% | ? |
| Emrhod[37] | Apr 2013 | ? | 25.5% (none) 13.5% (und.) | 1.8% | 2.2% | 16.4% | 2.0% | 5.4% | 2.9% | 21.2% | ? |
| SIGMA[38] | May, 2013 | ? | ? | ? | 2.2% | 32.6% | 2.4% | 8.9% | 4.1% | 44.7% | ? |
| 3C Etudes[39] |
May 2013 | 1695 | ? | 4.7% | 2.1% | 29.4% | 1.8% | 11.6% | 5.4% | 33.8% | ? |
| Sigma[40] | May 2013 | 2777 | ? | 0.5% | 1.1% | 17.3% | 1.2% | 4.5% | 2.1% | 22.6% | ? |
| Emrhod[41] | May 2013 | 1600 | ? | 3.5% | 2% | 14% | 1.7% | 8% | 2.1% | 20.4% | ? |
| Istis[42] | June 2013 | ? | ? | ? | 2.1% | 34% | 1% | 8.1% | 1% | 32.7% | 17% |
| Emrhod[43] | June 2013 | 1067 | 15.1% (don't know) 17.9% (none) 35.1% (und.) | ? | 2.1% | 19.4% | 1.8% | 7% | 2% | 36.6% | ? |
| 3C Etudes[44] | July 2013 | 944 | 43% | 5.6% | 1.9% | 29.7% | 1.3% | 10.2% | 4.2% | 33.6% | ? |
| Sigma[45] | Aug 2013 | 1724 | 55% | 1.3% | 2.5% | 33.7% | 2.0% | 9.4% | 3.1% | 42.3% | 5.7% |
| 3C Etudes[46] | Aug 2013 | 1249 | 43% | 5.2% | ? | 30.6% | ? | 9.7% | 3.5% | 33.9% | ? |
| Emrhod[47] | Sep 2013 | ? | ? | ? | 2.0% | 18.4% | 3.4% | 4.6% | 1.4% | 24.4% | ? |
| Sigma[48] | Oct 2013 | ? | 49.6% | 1.9% | 2.9% | 31.2% | 2.5% | 11.9% | 1.5% | 42.5% | ? |
| 3C Etudes[49] | Oct 2013 | 1318 | 39.3% | 5.2% | ? | 30.4% | ? | 10.3% | 3.9% | 30.1% | ? |
| Emrhod[50] | Nov 2013 | 1900 | ? | ? | ? | 18.0% | ? | 6.3% | ? | 27.6% | ? |
| 3C Etudes[51] | Nov 2013 | 1658 | ? | 3.5% | ? | 31.4% | ? | 10.6% | 2.1% | 29.1% | ? |
| Sigma[52] | Dec 2013 | ? | 48.1% | 2.4% | 3.4% | 28.6% | 1.6% | 6.3% | 4.5% | 40.0% | ? |
| 3C Etudes[53] | Dec 2013 | 1681 | ? | 2.2% | ? | 31.6% | ? | 10.0% | 3.8% | 27.2% | ? |
| Emrhod[54] | Jan 2014 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 16.4% | ? | 5.3% | 1.8% | 23.3% | ? |
| Sigma[55][56] | Jan 2014 | 11362 | 54.4% | 1.3% | 2.4% | 34.6% | 3.6% | 7.1% | 1.3% | 41.6% | ? |
| Emrhod[57] | Feb 2014 | 1200 | ? | 2.2% | 2.1% | 18.4% | 1.9% | 6.4% | 1.4% | 20.6% | ? |
| Sigma[58] | Feb 2014 | 1517 | ? | ? | 2.8% | 33.1% | 1.5% | 3.8% | 2.4% | 52.3% | ? |
| Emrhod[59] | Mar 2014 | 1051 | ? | 1.6% | 2.4% | 20.9% | 2.4% | 7.4% | 2.4% | 25.7% | ? |
| Sigma[60][61] | Apr 2014 | 1636 | 62.9% (und. + abstain) | 0.8% | 2.6% | 35.4% | 1.8% | 5.1% | 1.6% | 46.8% | 4.9% |
| Sigma[62] | May 2014 | 1013 | ? | 1.0% | 1.0% | 28.7% | 3.1% | 5.1% | 2.3% | 50.5% | ? |
| Sigma[63] | May 2014 (II) | ? | ? | 2.5 | 2.6% | 24.0% | 3.9% | 6.2% | 2.3% | 41.3% | ? |
| Emrhod[64] | Jun 2014 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 14.0% | 4.7% | 3.9% | 2.9% | 17.1% | ? |
| Sigma[65][66] | Jun/Jul 2014 | ? | ? | ? | 3.1% | 21.7% | 3.5% | 7.3% | 3.2% | 45.1% | ? |
| Source | Date | Sample size | Undecided | al-Mahaba | CPR | Ennahda | Ettakatol | FP | PR | Nidaa | Other |
Results
According to the final results released by the Independent High Authority for Elections,[67] Nidaa Tounes took the lead in the election, winning 86 seats in the 217-seat parliament. Ennahda Movement came second with 69 seats losing 16 seats compared to 2011 elections. The biggest losers were CPR of Moncef Marzouki and Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties who were members of a coalition government formed with Ennahda Movement following 2011 elections, and opposition party Current of Love (formerly Aridha Chaabia). On the other hand, there was a noticeable emergence of smaller parties like the UPL of businessman Slim Riahi with 16 seats, Popular Front with 15 seats and Afek Tounes with 8 seats.
Initially, the Elections Authority decided to sanction Nidaa Tounes in Kasserine electoral district by withdrawing one seat following reported irregularities conducted by partisans.[68] However, the decision was overturned by the administrative court after an appeal by Nidaa Tounes. The ruling took away the only seat obtained by Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties leaving the party with no presence in parliament.[69]
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Nidaa Tounes | 1,279,941 | 37.56 | 86 | New | |
| Ennahda Movement | 947,238 | 27.80 | 69 | −20 | |
| Free Patriotic Union | 140,873 | 4.13 | 16 | +15 | |
| Popular Front | 124,039 | 3.64 | 15 | +11 | |
| Afek Tounes | 102,915 | 3.02 | 8 | +5 | |
| Congress for the Republic | 69,894 | 2.05 | 4 | −25 | |
| Democratic Current | 66,396 | 1.95 | 3 | New | |
| Republican Party | 54,562 | 1.60 | 1 | −15 | |
| People's Movement | 45,839 | 1.35 | 3 | +1 | |
| National Destourian Initiative | 45,597 | 1.34 | 3 | −2 | |
| Current of Love | 40,437 | 1.19 | 2 | −24 | |
| Democratic Alliance Party | 38,493 | 1.13 | 1 | New | |
| Union for Tunisia | 25,102 | 0.74 | 0 | New | |
| Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties | 22,956 | 0.67 | 0 | –20 | |
| Wafa Movement | 21,392 | 0.63 | 0 | New | |
| Destourian Movement Party | 11,403 | 0.33 | 0 | New | |
| Socialist Party | 7,851 | 0.23 | 0 | New | |
| Safety Party | 7,850 | 0.23 | 0 | New | |
| Party of the Voice of the Tunisian People | 7,849 | 0.23 | 0 | New | |
| Tunisian Movement Party | 7,185 | 0.21 | 0 | New | |
| Movement of Socialist Democrats | 7,080 | 0.21 | 0 | –2 | |
| Party of Glory | 6,258 | 0.18 | 0 | New | |
| National Front for Salvation | 5,710 | 0.17 | 1 | New | |
| List of the Rehabilitation | 5,589 | 0.16 | 1 | New | |
| Tunisian National Front Party | 5,500 | 0.16 | 0 | New | |
| Party of Tomorrow | 5,310 | 0.16 | 0 | New | |
| For the Glory of el-Djerid | 5,111 | 0.15 | 1 | New | |
| Popular Petition Party | 5,023 | 0.15 | 0 | New | |
| National Construction Party | 4,996 | 0.15 | 0 | New | |
| People Want Party | 4,802 | 0.14 | 0 | New | |
| Tunisian Democratic Youth Federation | 4,636 | 0.14 | 0 | New | |
| Reform and Development Party | 4,400 | 0.13 | 0 | New | |
| Unity Party | 4,026 | 0.12 | 0 | New | |
| Tunisia for All Party | 3,995 | 0.12 | 0 | New | |
| Social Democratic Path | 3,942 | 0.12 | 1 | New | |
| Mighty Tunisia | 3,838 | 0.11 | 0 | New | |
| Tunisian Labour Party | 3,837 | 0.11 | 0 | New | |
| Carthage's Call Party | 3,771 | 0.11 | 0 | New | |
| Fulfilling the Project of the Martyr | 3,618 | 0.11 | 0 | New | |
| Independent Departure Party | 3,526 | 0.10 | 0 | New | |
| Farmers' Voice Party | 3,515 | 0.10 | 1 | New | |
| Other parties | 241,572 | 7.09 | 1 | – | |
| Total | 3,407,867 | 100.00 | 217 | 0 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 5,285,136 | – | |||
| Source: CLEA (results) National Democratic Institute (electorate) European Parliament | |||||
Reactions
Domestic
Ennahda's Lotfi Zitoun said the party had "accepted this result and congratulate[s] the winner."[70]
International
The result was hailed internationally[71] for its democratic viability as the only one of the major Arab Spring uprisings, including Libya and Egypt, that is not convulsed by instability and turmoil.
In the United States, President Barack Obama hailed the free, fair and non-violent elections as a "milestone," while Secretary of State John Kerry said it was an example of "why Tunisia remains a beacon of hope, not only to the Tunisian people, but to the region and the world."[72]
Other
Comparisons were also drawn to holding Tunisia as a model for Lebanon amidst its own turmoil.[73]
Government formation
With Nidaa Tounes having won a plurality it had the right to name a prime minister and form a government in coalition. Beji Caid Essebsi said it was too early to talk of a coalition government – including one with Ennahda. Instead he said the 2014 Tunisian presidential election will give direction to the formation of a new government.[71]
On 5 January 2015, Nidaa Tounes nominated independent Habib Essid as Prime Minister and asked him to form a new government. He was chosen over former trade unionist Taieb Baccouche "because he is independent and has experience in the areas of security and the economy," said the speaker of Congress, Mohamed Ennaceur. The nomination of a politician who had served under former autocratic president Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali however was widely criticized. Popular Front leader Hamma Hammami stated that with Essid as prime minister, "the real power" would rather be in the presidential palace.[74]
On 23 January 2015, Essid surprisingly presented a minority cabinet including 10 ministers from Nidaa Tounes and three from the liberal Free Patriotic Union, after the other liberal power Afek Tounes was said to have abruptly pulled out of the coalition. Without Afek Tounes, the two parties could, however, only count on 102 of the 217 seats.[75] Both Ennahda and the Popular Front announced to vote against the proposed government.[76]
On 4 February 2015, Essid proposed a unity government consisting of independent politicians, ministers of Nidaa Tounes, the two liberal parties UPL and Afek Tounes, and a minister of the Islamist Ennahda.[77] The next day, Essid's new proposal found a strong majority in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People, when 166 of the 217 legislators approved his new government.[78]
The government lasted until new elections were held in October 2019; a new government formed in February 2020.
References
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- ↑ "Campaigning begins for Tunisia's parliamentary elections". Asharq Al-Awsat. 5 October 2014. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ↑ "Tunisia begins landmark election race". AFP. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
- ↑ "Elections: Tunisia's ISIE Reveals Final Voter Registration Figures". Tunisia Live. 28 August 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ↑ Electoral system IPU
- ↑ Krazem, Mélissa (2012-02-20). "Un sondage révèle les préoccupations des Tunisiens". Maghreb.minutebuzz.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
- ↑ Hassassi, Hend (2012-02-18). "Latest Poll Shows Tunisians Want Economy Put First". Tunisia-live.net. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
- ↑ Ellali, Ahmed (2012-03-23). "New Survey Points to Fluctuations in Popularity of Tunisian Political Parties and Leaders". Tunisia-live.net. Archived from the original on 2012-06-11. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
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- 1 2 Taboubi, Khadija (2012-05-25). "Les Tunisiens font confiance à Marzouki, plus qu'à Jbali et Ben Jaafar !". Turess. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
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- ↑ "Tunisie, Sondage : Ennahdha et Nidaa Tounes en tęte des intentions de vote". Tunivisions.net. 2013-02-20. Archived from the original on 2013-02-24. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
- ↑ "Le paysage politique tunisien de février 2013 en décalage avec la composition de l'ANC du 23 octobre 2011". Businessnews.com.tn. 2013-02-17. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
- ↑ "Tunisie. Sondage politique 3Ci : Le Front Populaire s'envole". Lecourrierdelatlas.com. 2013-02-27. Archived from the original on 2013-04-03. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
- ↑ Le Baromètre Politique d’EMRHOD
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- ↑ "Tunisie - Moncef Marzouki et le CPR les plus impopulaires selon EMRHOD Consulting". Businessnews.com.tn. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
- ↑ webmanagercenter.com. "Tunisie - Sondages 3C Etudes: Caïd Essebsi l'emporterait au 1er tour de la présidentielle". Webmanagercenter.com. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
- ↑ "Sondage Forum des Sciences Sociales AppliquĂŠes: Ennahdha devant Nidaa Tounès | Tunisie 14". Tunisie14.tn. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
- ↑ Ennajeh Yamen & KHELIL Med Amine. "Tunisie: Hamadi Jebali et Ennahdha en tête selon un sondage | Directinfo". Directinfo.webmanagercenter.com. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
- ↑ Ennajeh Yamen & KHELIL Med Amine. "Sondage: Hamadi Jebali en deuxième position des intentions de vote | Directinfo". Directinfo.webmanagercenter.com. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
- ↑ "Sondage Sigma mai 2013 : 44.7% pour Nidaa Tounes, 32.6% pour Ennahdha | Tunisky : La Tunisie vue du ciel, Actualités, Culture, Sport, Pour Elle, Bien-être". Tunisky. 2013-05-14. Archived from the original on 2014-06-01. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
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- ↑ "Sondage : Nidaa Tounes domine nettement Ennahdha aux ĂŠlections". Topnet.tn. Archived from the original on 2013-08-13. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
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- ↑ "Tunisie-Politique : Caïd Essebsi et Nida Tounes survolent encore les sondages". Kapitalis. 3 July 2013.
- ↑ "Baromètre politique: Nidaa 33,6% , Ennahdha 29,7% des suffrages". Babnet Tunisie. 5 July 2013.
- ↑ Barometre-politique August 2013.
- ↑ "Tunisie : Sondages : Essebsi en tête de peloton, Kaïs Saïed en 2e position - L'Economiste Maghrébin". Leconomistemaghrebin.com. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
- ↑ "Journal Le temps -Sondage Emrhod Consulting durant le mois de septembre 2013 - Bajbouj n'en finit pas de jongler". Letemps.com.tn. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
- ↑ "Caid Essebsi caracole en tête selon Sigma". Mag14.com. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
- ↑ "Tunisie Ennahdha reprend la tête des sondages". TunisiaIT. 16 November 2013. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ↑ "Emrhod Consulting: Nidaa Tounes et Béji Caid Essebsi toujours en tête des sondages". Tunisie14. 14 November 2013.
- ↑ "Ennahdha toujours en tête des sondages". TunisiaIT. 18 December 2013. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ↑ "Sondage: Les principaux partis tunisiens perdent du terrain dans l'opinion". Kapitalis. 20 December 2013.
- ↑ "Tunisie : Ennahdha toujours en tête des sondages". TunisiaIT. 7 January 2014. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ↑ "Sondages : Les Tunisiens sont-ils si versatiles ? lundi, ils votent Ennahdha, mardi Nidaa Tounès !". African Manager. 7 January 2014.
- ↑ "Nidaa Tounes et Béji Caid Essebsi en tête des sondages". Mena Post. 4 February 2014. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014.
- ↑ "Sigma Conseil : Nidaa Tounes devance Ennahdha". Radio MFM. 4 February 2014. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
- ↑ "Béji Caïd Essebsi et Nidaa Tounes en tête du sondage EMRHOD Consulting". BusinessNews.com.tn. 13 January 2014.
- ↑ "Caïd Essebsi et Nida Tounes grands favoris selon Sigma". Mag14.com. 2 March 2014.
- ↑ "Sondage Emrhod : Nidaa Tounes et Béji Caïd Essebsi creusent l'écart avec leurs poursuivants". BusinessNews.com.tn. 18 March 2014.
- ↑ "Sondage: Nidaa Tounes et Ennahdha toujours en tête". DirectInfo. 8 April 2014.
- ↑ "SIGMA Conseil : Pour les législatives Ennahdha et Nidaa se retrouvent en tête des sondages". Tuniscope. 8 April 2014.
- ↑ "Sigma Conseil : Mehdi Jomaâ détrône BCE, Amel Karboul est la préférée des Tunisiens !". African Manager. 13 May 2014.
- ↑ "Sondage – Elections : le tiercé dans l'ordre, Essebsi, Jebali et Abbou". L'Economiste maghrebin. 5 June 2014.
- ↑ "Sondage Emrhod : BCE, Nidaa et Ennahdha en baisse, Moncef Marzouki en nette hausse". Businessnews.com.tn. 17 June 2014.
- ↑ "Sondage : Nida Tounes creuse l'écart avec Ennahdha". Kapitalis. 6 July 2014.
- ↑ "Législatives : Malgré l'écart, Nidaa Tounes et Ennahdha demeurent à la tête des intentions de vote". Business News. 5 July 2014.
- ↑ النتائج النهائية للانتخابات التشريعية [Final results of parliamentary elections] (PDF) (in Arabic). 20 November 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
- ↑ Ben Hamdi, Monia (28 October 2014). "Tunisie: Répartition des 217 sièges du nouveau Parlement selon les résultats préliminaires des élections législatives" [Tunisia: Distribution of the 217 seats in the new parliament, according to preliminary election results]. Al Huffington Post Maghreb (in French). Tunis. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ↑ El-Chabbi, Sabah (7 November 2014). رسمي: نداء تونس يستعيد مقعده الثالث بالقصرين...والتكتل يخرج خالي الوفاض [Official: Nidaa Tounes recovers its third Kasserine seat...and Takkatol empty exit]. Assabah News (in Arabic). Tunis. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
- ↑ "Tunisian Islamists concede election defeat to secular party". Reuters. 27 October 2014.
- 1 2 "After Elections, Tunisia's Nidaa Tounes Seeks Alliances to Govern". VOA.
- ↑ "Secular parliament set to take power in Tunisia after peaceful election". PBS NewsHour. 27 October 2014.
- ↑ "Opinion: Tunisia's Lesson for Lebanon". Asharq Al-Awsat. 30 October 2014. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014.
- ↑ Gall, Carlotta (5 January 2015). "Ally of Deposed Leader Is Nominated to Be Premier of Tunisia". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ↑ Bouazza Ben Bouazza (23 January 2015). "Tunisia announces new minority government without Islamists". Associated Press. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
- ↑ Amara, Tarek (25 January 2015). "Tunisia new government faces resistance before ratification vote". Reuters. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ↑ "Tunisia PM Essid announces unity government". Al Jazeera. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- ↑ "Tunisia parliament approves unity government". Al Jazeera. 5 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
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