The University of Tulsa
Former names
Henry Kendall College (1894–1920)
MottoWisdom, Faith, Service
TypePrivate research university
Established1894 (1894)
Academic affiliations
Endowment$1.36 billion (2021)[2]
PresidentBrad Carson[3]
Academic staff
306 (full-time)
Students3,740
Undergraduates2,743
Postgraduates997
Location
Tulsa
,
Oklahoma
,
United States

36°09′08″N 95°56′47″W / 36.15222°N 95.94639°W / 36.15222; -95.94639
CampusUrban, 230 acres (930,000 m2)
ColorsRoyal blue, old gold, and crimson[4]
     
NicknameGolden Hurricane
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division I (FBS)
The American
MascotGus T.
Websitewww.utulsa.edu

The University of Tulsa (TU) is a private research university in Tulsa, Oklahoma.[5] It has a historic affiliation with the Presbyterian Church and the campus architectural style is predominantly Collegiate Gothic. The school traces its origin to the Presbyterian School for Girls, which was established in 1882 in Muskogee, Oklahoma, then a town in Indian Territory, and which evolved into an institution of higher education named Henry Kendall College by 1894. The college moved to Tulsa, another town in the Creek Nation in 1904, before the state of Oklahoma was created. In 1920, Kendall College was renamed the University of Tulsa.[6]

The University of Tulsa is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".[7] It manages the Gilcrease Museum, which includes one of the largest collections of American Western art and indigenous American artifacts in the world.[8] TU also hosts the Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, founded by former TU professor and noted feminist critic Germaine Greer (now at the University of Cambridge). The university also houses The Bob Dylan Archive at the Helmerich Center for American Research.

TU's athletic teams are collectively known as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane and compete in Division I of the NCAA as members of the American Athletic Conference (The American).[9]

History

Frontier Origins

The Presbyterian School for Girls (also known as "Minerva Home")[10] was founded in Muskogee, Indian Territory, in 1882 to offer a primary education to young women of the Creek Nation.[11]

In 1894, the young school expanded to become Henry Kendall College, named in honor of Reverend Henry Kendall, secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions.[12][13] The first president was William A. Caldwell, who served a brief two-year term, which ended in 1896.

Caldwell was succeeded by William Robert King, a Presbyterian minister and co-founder of the college, who had come to Oklahoma from Tennessee, by way of the Union Theological Seminary in New York City (affiliated with Columbia University). Kendall College, while still in Muskogee, granted the first post-secondary degree in Oklahoma in June 1898.[14] Under King, the college was moved from its original location in downtown Muskogee to a larger campus on lands donated by Creek Nation Chief Pleasant Porter.

Kendall College students, faculty and administrators were instrumental in efforts to get the State of Sequoyah recognized; they wrote most of the proposed constitution and designed the seal among other things.[15]

The opening of the new campus coincided with the start of the tenure of the third president, A. Grant Evans. Over the next ten years, Evans oversaw the struggling school's growth. In most years, class sizes remained small and although the academy, the attached elementary, middle, and high school was more successful; by the end of the 1906–07 year Kendall College had had only 27 collegiate graduates. At the request of the administration, the Synod of Indian Territory assumed control as trustees and began to look at alternatives for the future of the school. When the administration was approached by the comparatively smaller town of Tulsa and offered a chance to move, the decision was made to relocate.[12][13][16][17]

Relocation to Tulsa

The Tulsa Commercial Club (a forerunner of the Tulsa Chamber of Commerce) decided to bid for the college. Club members who packaged a bid in 1907 to move the college to Tulsa included: B. Betters, H. O. McClure, L. N. Butts, W. L. North, James H. Hall (sic), Grant C. Stebbins, Rev. Charles W. Kerr, C. H. Nicholson. The offer included $100,000, 20 acres of real estate, and a guarantee for utilities and street car service.[18]

The college opened to thirty-five students in September 1907, two months before Oklahoma became a state. These first students attended classes at the First Presbyterian Church until permanent buildings could be erected on the new campus. This became the start of higher education in Tulsa. Kendall Hall, the first building of the new school, was completed in 1908[12][13][16] and was quickly followed by two other buildings. All three buildings have since been demolished, with Kendall the last to be razed in 1972.[19] The bell that once hung in the Kendall Building tower was saved and displayed in Bayless Plaza.

The Kendall College presidents during 1907–1919 were Arthur Grant Evans, Levi Harrison Beeler, Seth Reed Gordon, Frederick William Hawley, Ralph J. Lamb, Charles Evans, James G. McMurtry and Arthur L. Odell.[20]

In 1918, the Methodist Church proposed building a college in Tulsa, using money donated by a Tulsa oilman Robert M. McFarlin. The proposed college was to be named McFarlin College. However, it was soon apparent that Tulsa could not yet support two competing schools. In 1920, Henry Kendall College merged with the proposed McFarlin College to become The University of Tulsa. The McFarlin Library of TU was named for the principal donor of the proposed college. The name of Henry Kendall has lived on to the present as the Kendall College of Arts and Sciences.

20th century

The University of Tulsa opened its School of Petroleum Engineering in 1928.[21]

The Great Depression hit the university hard. By 1935, the school was about to close because of its poor financial condition. It had a debt of $250,000, enrollment had fallen to 300 students (including many who could not pay their tuition), the faculty was poorly paid and morale was low. It was then that the oil tycoon and TU-patron Waite Phillips offered the school presidency to Clarence Isaiah ("Cy") Pontius, a former investment banker. His primary focus would be to rescue the school's finances. A dean's council would take charge of academic issues.[22]

However, Pontius' accomplishments went beyond raising money. During his tenure, the following events occurred:

  • In 1935, the university opened the College of Business Administration, which it renamed the Collins College of Business Administration in 2008.[21]
  • The Tulsa Law School, located in downtown Tulsa, became part of the university in 1943.[21]
  • In 1948, oil magnate William G. Skelly donated funds to found the university radio station, KWGS (named for his initials).
Skelly House, one-time official residence for the President of the University of Tulsa

After William G. Skelly died, his widow donated the Skelly Mansion, at the corner of 21st Street and Madison Avenue, to the University of Tulsa. The school sold the mansion and its furnishings to private owners in 1959. On July 5, 2012, the university announced that it would repurchase the house as a residence for its president.

In 1958, Ben Graf Henneke, a scholar of theater and communications, became the first alumnus to hold the Presidency of the University of Tulsa. During his tenure, the university established new doctoral programs, increased the proportion of faculty with doctorates, started new publications including Petroleum Abstracts and the James Joyce Quarterly, developed a North Campus center for petroleum engineering research, and expanded many main campus facilities. He was succeeded by Eugene L. Swearingen, a Stanford University-trained economist and Oklahoma native who served on the National Finance Committee for the Jimmy Carter Presidential Campaign.[23] Swearingen increased TU's endowment and expanded the footprint of its campus.

21st century

In 2004, anthropologist Steadman Upham joined the University of Tulsa as president, having served in faculty and leadership positions at the University of Oregon and Arizona State University. Within five years of his arrival, TU saw thirteen major construction projects and renovations on campus, ranging from the construction of the Roxana Rozsa and Robert Eugene Lorton Performance Center to the overhaul of Keplinger Hall, and plans for seven more major projects finalized (despite the nationwide recession).

The university also launched the Oxley College of Health Sciences, in downtown Tulsa, named in recognition of a major gift from Tulsa's Oxley Foundation.[24] The university also partnered with the George Kaiser Family Foundation to permanently house The Bob Dylan Archive at TU in 2016. Under Upham's leadership, the University of Tulsa assumed management of the famous Gilcrease Museum in northwest Tulsa.

In 2016, President Upham retired and was succeeded by Gerard Clancy, who previously served as a psychiatry professor and held leadership positions at the University of Iowa and the University of Oklahoma. About two and a half years into his presidency, in the spring of 2019, President Clancy and Provost Levit announced a restructuring of academic programs at the university that would eliminate several academic programs. The plan was met with resistance from some faculty who believed it was formulated without adequate input from faculty. Although faculty members voted "no confidence" in the president and provost in November, the university's board of trustees publicly affirmed their support of the plan.[25]

In January 2020, President Clancy informed the board that he needed to cut back on his activities because of unspecified medical issues. The board named Provost Levit as interim president of the school, effective in January 2020.[lower-alpha 1]

Former Congressman Brad Carson became president of Tulsa University on July 1, 2021. He replaced interim president Janet K. Levit.

Academics

The University of Tulsa offers liberal arts, sciences, and professional programs, including engineering, English, computer science, natural sciences, clinical and industrial/organizational psychology, and other disciplines.[26]

The university has an undergraduate research program, evidenced by 44 students receiving Goldwater Scholarships since 1995.[27] The Tulsa Undergraduate Research Challenge (TURC) allows undergraduates to conduct advanced research with the guidance of top TU professors.[28]

Rankings

Academic rankings
National
Forbes[29]197
THE / WSJ[30]195
U.S. News & World Report[31]195
Washington Monthly[32]383
Global
QS[33]701–750
THE[34]401–500
U.S. News & World Report[35]1291

USNWR graduate school rankings[36]

Petroleum Engineering 5
Law 87

USNWR departmental rankings[36]

Clinical Psychology 146
Computer Science 147
English 67
Psychology 190
Speech–Language Pathology 132

U.S. News & World Report's 2023 edition of "Best Colleges" ranked the University of Tulsa 195th among "national universities" and tied at 90th for "Best Value".[37]

Scholarship and fellowship recipients

TU students have won 66 Goldwater Scholarships, 5 Marshall Scholarships, 3 Rhodes Scholarships (9 Rhodes finalists), 25 Fulbright Scholarships, and numerous Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and Morris K. Udall Fellowships.[38]

Campus

The campus of the University of Tulsa centers on a wide, grassy, quad-like space known as Dietler Commons, formerly called "The U." The predominant architectural style is English Gothic. Most of the buildings are constructed from tan and rose-colored Crab Orchard sandstone from Tennessee interspersed with stone quarried in Arkansas. Other materials include Bedford limestone from Indiana and slate quarried in Vermont. The university's campus borders Tulsa's Kendall-Whittier neighborhood and is not far from Tulsa's downtown and mid-town neighborhoods. The campus, in particular its football venue Skelly Field, is located on the historic U.S. Route 66, America's "Mother Road" stretching from Chicago to Los Angeles.

The University of Tulsa viewed from South Delaware Avenue
The University of Tulsa, viewed from South Delaware Avenue

Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium

Chapman Stadium

Tulsa Golden Hurricane football has played home games at Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium since 1930.

Museums and libraries

McFarlin Library

McFarlin Library: Resources and Notable Collections

The library's Department of Special Collections and University Archives houses over twelve million archival items and has over a thousand collections on a wide-ranging array of topics including 20th-century British, Irish, and American literature, which includes the world's second-largest collection of materials by James Joyce. It also houses the papers of Nobel Prize winners V.S. Naipaul and Doris Lessing, as well as novelists and poets Jean Rhys, Eliot Bliss, David Plante, Anna Kavan, and Stevie Smith, just to name a few. In addition to these famous novelists, McFarlin Library houses the papers of Congresswoman Alice Mary Robertson, literary critic Richard Ellmann, comic book innovator E. Nelson Bridwell, Cherokee Principal Chief J.B. Milam, and writer/sexologist Edward Charles, among others. The Department of Special Collections also contains a vast collection of books on Native American history.[39]

Partnership with the Gilcrease Museum

In July 2008, the University of Tulsa took over management of the Gilcrease Museum in a public-private partnership with the City of Tulsa. The museum has one of the largest collections of American Western art in the world (including famous works by Frederic Remington, Thomas Moran, and others) and houses growing collections of artifacts from Central and South America. The museum sits on 460 acres (1.9 km2) in northwest Tulsa, a considerable distance from the main university campus.[40]

The Bob Dylan Archive

The Bob Dylan Archive is a collection of documents and objects relating to iconic American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan (whose mentor was Oklahoman Woody Guthrie). It was announced on March 2, 2016, that the archive had been acquired by the George Kaiser Family Foundation (GKFF) and the University of Tulsa. The university has since relinquished ownership to GKFF. It will be under the care of the university's Helmerich Center for American Research.[41]

Student body and student life

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
Race and ethnicity[42] Total
White 53% 53
 
Other[lower-alpha 2] 12% 12
 
Hispanic 9% 9
 
Foreign national 9% 9
 
Black 7% 7
 
Asian 6% 6
 
Native American 3% 3
 
Economic diversity
Low-income[lower-alpha 3] 26% 26
 
Affluent[lower-alpha 4] 74% 74
 

Students at the University of Tulsa represent 46 states and over 60 foreign countries, of which 54% are Oklahoma residents.[43] Among the most common countries of origin for TU international students are China, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, India, Nigeria, Angola and the United Kingdom.[44]

The University of Tulsa is home to more than 150 student organizations, registered with and partially funded by the Student Association.

Diversity and campus life

Several groups exist to support diversity on the University of Tulsa campus. There are at least 25 campus organizations existing to support and sustain a diverse campus community.[45] In addition, TU hosts the Chevron Multicultural Resource Center, funded by a gift from the energy company, which hosts events and programming to promote diversity on campus.

Although TU has historic ties to the Presbyterian Church, the university has long embraced religious diversity. In 2002, TU was home to the first mosque built on an American university campus.[46][47] TU also hosts a chapter of Hillel International, an organization to support Jewish life on campus.[48] The university also hosts several organizations reflecting different streams of Christian spiritual practice, including Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox.[49]

2015 student speech controversy

In February 2015, after the University of Tulsa suspended a student under its zero-tolerance policy for harassment for allegedly threatening and defamatory Facebook postings by his fiancée against other faculty and a female student, administrators attempted to discourage the campus newspaper from publishing confidential information because of the non-disclosure agreement the suspended student and university had entered into.[50] The controversy was picked up by several online sites which criticized the administration for using "threats" and "intimidation" to "cover up" their handling of the disciplinary issue.[51][52] In January 2016, the former student filed a lawsuit against the university, claiming his dismissal was unfair and was a breach of the institution's commitment to due process.[53] The incident earned the university a spot on the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education's 2016 "10 Worst Colleges for Free Speech".[54]

Athletics

Tulsa's sports teams participate in NCAA Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American); its football team is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Tulsa has the smallest undergraduate enrollment of any FBS school.[55] TU has had a rivalry with the slightly larger Rice University and a football rivalry with the substantially larger University of Houston. It also has two current rivalries with D-I schools that do not sponsor football—an in-conference rivalry with Wichita State University, especially in men's basketball, and a crosstown rivalry, most prominently in basketball, with Summit League member Oral Roberts University.

The university's nickname is the Golden Hurricane (it was originally the Golden Tornadoes). The Sound of the Golden Hurricane marching band plays at all home football and basketball games as well as traveling to championships in support of the Golden Hurricane. Tulsa has won six national championships (three NCAA): four in women's golf and two in men's basketball. The University of Tulsa currently fields a varsity team in seven men's sports and ten women's sports.[9]

Symbols

The school's colors are old gold (PMS 4525), royal blue (PMS 288), and crimson (PMS 186).[56]

The university's original motto was, in full: "Faith, Wisdom, Service: For Christ, For State."

Publications

The University of Tulsa Collegian is the long-standing independent and student-run newspaper on campus.

The following scholarly journals are published by the university:

In 2003 Tulsa joined the efforts of Brown University on the Modernist Journals Project, an online archive of early 20th-century periodicals. Tulsa has contributed various modernist texts from McFarlin Library's Special Collections to the project's website.

Sean Latham, editor of the James Joyce Quarterly, brought the 2003 North American James Joyce Conference to the University of Tulsa.

Notable people

Alumni

"Dr. Phil" McGraw
Steve Largent

The University of Tulsa counts a number of distinguished individuals among its alumni, including current Walmart CEO Doug McMillon, New York School poet Ted Berrigan, The Outsiders author S.E. Hinton, voicemail inventor Gordon Matthews, Golden Girls actress Rue McClanahan, actor Peter McRobbie, roboticist and author Daniel H. Wilson, radio legend Paul Harvey, Kuwaiti Petroleum Company CEO Hani Abdulaziz Al Hussein, TV personality Dr. Phil McGraw (who played football for TU but did not graduate), Cherokee Nation Chief Chad "Corntassel" Smith, botanist and ecologist Harriet George Barclay, US Congressman and Pro Football Hall of Fame wide receiver Steve Largent, NBA basketball player Steve Bracey, and Brazilian billionaire businessman Ermirio Pereira de Moraes; HE Suhail Al Mazroui, Minister of Energy & Industry for the United Arab Emirates,[57] member of the Supreme Petroleum Council, and sits on the executive committee and other sections of Mubadala Investment Company.

Faculty

Several notable individuals have served on the University of Tulsa's faculty over the years. Current notable faculty members include psychologist Robert Hogan, political scientist Robert Donaldson, Catholic philosopher F. Russell Hittinger, computer scientist Sujeet Shenoi,[58] and former US Congressman Brad Carson. Noted artist Adah Robinson was the founder and first chairperson of the university's Department of Art.[59] Several renowned literary figures and critics have served on Tulsa's faculty, including feminist pioneer Germaine Greer, Booker-prize winning novelist Paul Scott, author and critic Darcy O'Brien, and the famous Russian poet and dissident intellectual Yevgeny Yevtushenko until he died in 2017. Other notable former faculty members include legal scholars Paul Finkelman and Larry Catá Backer, psychologist Brent Roberts, painter Alexandre Hogue, Catholic Bishop Daniel Henry Mueggenborg, and others.

Notes

  1. ↑ Levit thus became the first woman and second TU alum to lead the school in its history.
  2. ↑ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  3. ↑ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  4. ↑ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

References

  1. ↑ NAICU – Member Directory Archived November 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ↑ As of June 30, 2021. U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2021 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY20 to FY21 (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. February 18, 2022. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  3. ↑ Krehbiel, Randy. "Former Congressman Brad Carson named new University of Tulsa president". Tulsaworld.com. Tulsa World. Archived from the original on April 5, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  4. ↑ University of Tulsa Graphic Style Guide (PDF). September 20, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022.
  5. ↑ "Carnegie Research Classification: University of Tulsa". The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  6. ↑ University of Tulsa. "History & Traditions." Undated. Archived October 25, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ "Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup". carnegieclassifications.iu.edu. Center for Postsecondary Education. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  8. ↑ "About US". The Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  9. 1 2 "TU Athletics Points of Pride". CSTV Networks, Inc. Archived from the original on December 30, 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
  10. ↑ Mullins, Jonita. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. "Muskogee County." Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  11. ↑ "History page". Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
  12. 1 2 3 Logsdon, Guy William. "The University of Tulsa: a history from 1882–1972." Norman, Okla.; 1975.
  13. 1 2 3 Delfraisse, Betty Dew. "The history of the University of Tulsa." Austin, Tex.: [S.l.], 1929.
  14. ↑ "Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture: Muskogee". Archived from the original on June 15, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
  15. ↑ Junior League of Tulsa (February 7, 1980). "Interview with Guy Logsdon". Tulsa City-County Library. Archived from the original on July 16, 2018. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
  16. 1 2 "Henry Kendall College Bulletin"
  17. ↑ Carlson, Marc. "Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture". Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 29, 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
  18. ↑ The University of Tulsa, "Tulsa Commercial Club 'had a hunch and bet a bunch.'" Archived April 16, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ Campbell, Joshua. "TU’s history highlights change." The Collegian. October 16, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2011."The Collegian Online: TU's history highlights change". Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2011.
  20. ↑ "TUAlumni 1907–1919". Archived from the original on October 30, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
  21. 1 2 3 .Tulsa University Website "History of TU." Accessed February 24, 2011 Archived March 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  22. ↑ Scott Cooper, "Pontius Pilot", Tulsa World, January 12, 1998.
  23. ↑ "Ex-TU chief, banker Swearingen, 82, dead". Tulsa World. Archived from the original on December 20, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  24. ↑ KREHBIEL, Randy. "TU to locate Oxley College of Health Sciences downtown". Tulsa World. Archived from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  25. ↑ Fisher, Lauren (November 14, 2019). "How a Radical Restructuring Plan Fractured a Campus and Fueled a No-Confidence Vote". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  26. ↑ "Explore Programs". utulsa.edu. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  27. ↑ "Student Recipients". Archived from the original on December 2, 2014.
  28. ↑ "Tulsa Undergraduate Research Challenge". March 30, 2009. Archived from the original on March 30, 2009.
  29. ↑ "Forbes America's Top Colleges List 2023". Forbes. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  30. ↑ "Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings 2022". The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  31. ↑ "2023-2024 Best National Universities". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  32. ↑ "2022 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  33. ↑ "QS World University Rankings 2024: Top global universities". Quacquarelli Symonds. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  34. ↑ "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
  35. ↑ "2022-23 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  36. 1 2 "University of Tulsa - U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  37. ↑ "University of Tulsa Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  38. ↑ "Student Recipients". November 1, 2016. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
  39. ↑ "Special Collections". University of Tulsa Website. Archived from the original on August 11, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  40. ↑ The University of Tulsa. "City of Tulsa, TU celebrate Gilcrease Museum partnership." July 2, 2008."City of Tulsa, TU celebrate Gilcrease Museum partnership - University of Tulsa". Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
  41. ↑ Tramel, Jimmie (March 2, 2016). "Kaiser Family Foundation, TU acquire Bob Dylan Archive". Tulsa World. Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  42. ↑ "College Scorecard: University of Tulsa". United States Department of Education. Archived from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  43. ↑ "Undergraduate Admission". Archived from the original on November 10, 2014.
  44. ↑ "Countries Represented Spring 2018". University of Tulsa. Archived from the original on May 25, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  45. ↑ "Diversity & Engagement". University of Tulsa. Archived from the original on July 16, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  46. ↑ Lanvanhar, Marvin. "Tulsa, a Divinely Inspired City". Chapter 13 in Joyce, Davis D. Alternative Oklahoma: contrarian views of the Sooner Statep. 213. Available through Google Books. Accessed February 20, 2011.
  47. ↑ "TU Breaks Ground for New Mosque". KOTV News 6. September 20, 2002. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  48. ↑ "Hillel of Northeastern Oklahoma". Hillel of Northeastern Oklahoma- University of Tulsa chapter. Archived from the original on January 7, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  49. ↑ "Student Organizations". University of Tulsa. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  50. ↑ Viera, Mariana (February 12, 2015). "U. of Tulsa administrator threatens to punish student journalists for investigating student's punishment over Facebook posts". Student Press Law Center. Archived from the original on February 17, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  51. ↑ Soave, Robby (February 12, 2015). "Student Expelled Over Husband's Facebook Posts, Newspaper Censored for Asking Questions". Reason.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  52. ↑ Kitroeff, Natalie (February 17, 2015). "University of Tulsa Creates 'Atmosphere of Fear' to Silence Criticism, Students Say". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  53. ↑ Vicent, Samantha (January 20, 2016). "Former University of Tulsa student sues after suspension for alleged social media harassment". Tulsa World. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
  54. ↑ Lukianoff, Greg (February 17, 2016). "The 10 Worst Colleges for Free Speech: 2016". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  55. ↑ Merrick, Amy (September 20, 2004). "Another Money-Losing Season". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  56. ↑ "TU Fact Sheet" Archived September 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  57. ↑ "UAE Energy Minister Blames Qatar for Supporting Terrorism in Press Briefing in Seoul". The Seoul Times. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  58. ↑ "1998 National Professor of the Year: Sujeet Shenoi". Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
  59. ↑ "Robinson, Ada Matilda (1882–1962). Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine" Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Everett, Dianna. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
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