Cover of the 2008 report

The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report was first published in 2007 by the World Economic Forum (WEF).[1] The 2007 report covered 124 major and emerging economies. The 2008 report covered 130 countries,[2] the 2009 report expanded to 133 countries,[3] and the 2011 report to 139 countries.[4] The index is a measurement of the factors that make it attractive to develop business in the travel and tourism industry of individual countries, rather than a measure of a country attractiveness as a tourist destination. The report ranks selected nations according to the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which scores from 1 to 6 the performance of a given country in each specific subindex. The overall index is made of three main subindexes: (1) regulatory framework; (2) business environment and infrastructure; and (3) human, cultural, and natural resources. The Report also includes a specific Country Profile for each of the nations evaluated, with each of the scores received to estimate its TTCI, and complementary information regarding key economic indicators from the World Bank, and country indicators from the World Tourism Organization and the World Travel and Tourism Council. The last Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report was published in 2019.

From the 2021 report, WEF publishes the Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI) as an evolution of the TTCI.[5]

Variables

For the 2008 index, each of the three main subindexes is made of the scoring of the following 14 variables, called pillars in the TTC Report. Several changes were introduced in the 2008 TTCI in the definition of the variables as compared to the definitions of the 2007 TTCI.[2] First, the “environmental regulation” pillar was improved with help from the IUCN and the UNWTO, and for the 2008 index was renamed the “environmental sustainability” pillar to “better reflect its components and to capture the increasingly recognized importance of sustainability in the sector’s development.”[6] Second, the original pillar “natural and cultural resources” was divided into two separate subcomponents: “natural resources” and “cultural resources”, thus, allowing to differentiate those countries which do not necessarily have the same strengths or weaknesses in these two different resources. In general, the model was improved with better data and new concepts were introduced.[2] The 2009 and 2011 reports kept the same 14 variables.[3][4]

Pillars by Subindexes (2021–)[5]
  • Subindex A: Enabling Environment
    • Pillar 1: Business Environment
    • Pillar 2: Safety and Security
    • Pillar 3: Health and Hygiene
    • Pillar 4: Human Resources and Labour Market Qualification of the labour force
    • Pillar 5: ICT Readiness
  • Subindex B: T&T Policy and Enabling Conditions
    • Pillar 6: Prioritization of T&T
    • Pillar 7: International Openness
    • Pillar 8: Price Competitiveness
  • Subindex C: Infrastructure
    • Pillar 9: Air Transport Infrastructure
    • Pillar 10: Ground and Port Infrastructure
    • Pillar 11: Tourist Service Infrastructure
  • Subindex D: T&T Demand Drivers
    • Pillar 12: Natural Resources
    • Pillar 13: Cultural Resources
    • Pillar 14: Non-Leisure Resources
  • Subindex E: T&T Sustainability
    • Pillar 15: Environmental Sustainability Climate Change Exposure and Management
    • Pillar 16: Socioeconomic Resilience and Conditions
    • Pillar 17: T&T Demand Pressure and Impact
Pillars by Subindexes (2015–)
  • SUBINDEX A: ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
    • Pillar 1: Business Environment
    • Pillar 2: Safety and Security
    • Pillar 3: Health and Hygiene
    • Pillar 4: Human Resources and Labour Market
    • Pillar 5: ICT Readiness
  • SUBINDEX B: T&T POLICY AND ENABLING CONDITIONS
    • Pillar 6: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
    • Pillar 7: International Openness
    • Pillar 8: Price Competitiveness
    • Pillar 9: Environmental Sustainability
  • SUBINDEX C: INFRASTRUCTURE
    • Pillar 10: Air Transport Infrastructure
    • Pillar 11: Ground and Port Infrastructure
    • Pillar 12: Tourist Service Infrastructure
  • SUBINDEX D: NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
    • Pillar 13: Natural Resources
    • Pillar 14: Cultural Resources and Business Travel
Pillars by Subindexes (–2013)
Regulatory framework
Business environment and infrastructure
Human, cultural, and natural resources
Policy rules and regulations Air transport infrastructure Human resources
Environmental sustainability Ground transport infrastructure Affinity for Travel & Tourism
Safety and security Tourism infrastructure Natural resources
Health and hygiene Information and Communications Techn. infrastr. Cultural resources
Prioritization of Travel and Tourism Price competitiveness in T&T industry

2021 Ranking

Top 30 Countries

[5]

  1.  Japan 5.2
  2.  USA 5.2
  3.  Spain 5.2
  4.  France 5.1
  5.  Germany 5.1
  6.   Switzerland 5
  7.  Australia 5
  8.  United Kingdom 5
  9.  Singapore 5
  10.  Italy 4.9
  11.  Austria 4.9
  12.  China 4.9
  13.  Canada 4.9
  14.  Netherlands 4.9
  15.  South Korea 4.8
  16.  Portugal 4.8
  17.  Denmark 4.7
  18.  Finland 4.7
  19.  Hong Kong 4.6
  20.  Sweden 4.6
  21.  Luxembourg 4.6
  22.  Belgium 4.6
  23.  Iceland 4.5
  24.  Ireland 4.5
  25.  United Arab Emirates 4.5
  26.  Czech Republic 4.5
  27.  New Zealand 4.5
  28.  Greece 4.5
  29.  Estonia 4.4
  30.  Poland 4.4

2019 Ranking

Top 30 Countries

[7]

  1.  Spain 5.4
  2.  France 5.4
  3.  Germany 5.4
  4.  Japan 5.4
  5.  United States 5.3
  6.  United Kingdom 5.2
  7.  Australia 5.1
  8.  Italy 5.1
  9.  Canada 5.1
  10.   Switzerland 5.0
  11.  Austria 5.0
  12.  Portugal 4.9
  13.  China 4.9
  14.  Hong Kong 4.8
  15.  Netherlands 4.8
  16.  South Korea 4.8
  17.  Singapore 4.8
  18.  New Zealand 4.7
  19.  Mexico 4.7
  20.  Sweden 4.6
  21.  Denmark 4.6
  22.  Norway 4.6
  23.  Luxembourg 4.6
  24.  Belgium 4.5
  25.  Greece 4.5
  26.  Ireland 4.5
  27.  Croatia 4.5
  28.  Finland 4.5
  29.  Malaysia 4.5
  30.  Iceland 4.5

2017 Ranking

Top 30 Countries

[8]

  1.  Spain 5.43
  2.  France 5.32
  3.  Germany 5.28
  4.  Japan 5.26
  5.  United Kingdom 5.20
  6.  United States 5.12
  7.  Australia 5.10
  8.  Italy 4.99
  9.  Canada 4.97
  10.   Switzerland 4.94
  11.  Hong Kong 4.86
  12.  Austria 4.86
  13.  Singapore 4.85
  14.  Portugal 4.74
  15.  China 4.72
  16.  New Zealand 4.68
  17.  Netherlands 4.64
  18.  Norway 4.64
  19.  South Korea 4.57
  20.  Sweden 4.55
  21.  Belgium 4.54
  22.  Mexico 4.54
  23.  Ireland 4.53
  24.  Greece 4.51
  25.  Iceland 4.50
  26.  Malaysia 4.50
  27.  Brazil 4.49
  28.  Luxembourg 4.49
  29.  United Arab Emirates 4.49
  30.  Taiwan 4.47

2015 Ranking

Top 30 Countries

[9]

  1.  Spain 5.31
  2.  France 5.24
  3.  Germany 5.22
  4.  United Kingdom 5.12
  5.  United States 5.12
  6.   Switzerland 4.99
  7.  Australia 4.98
  8.  Italy 4.98
  9.  Japan 4.94
  10.  Canada 4.92
  11.  Singapore 4.86
  12.  Austria 4.82
  13.  Hong Kong 4.68
  14.  Netherlands 4.67
  15.  Portugal 4.64
  16.  New Zealand 4.64
  17.  China 4.54
  18.  Iceland 4.54
  19.  Ireland 4.53
  20.  Norway 4.52
  21.  Belgium 4.51
  22.  Finland 4.47
  23.  Sweden 4.45
  24.  United Arab Emirates 4.43
  25.  Malaysia 4.41
  26.  Luxembourg 4.38
  27.  Denmark 4.38
  28.  Brazil 4.37
  29.  South Korea 4.37
  30.  Mexico 4.36
  31.  Greece 4.36

2013 Ranking

Top 30 Countries

  1.   Switzerland 5.66
  2.  Germany 5.39
  3.  Austria 5.39
  4.  Spain 5.38
  5.  United Kingdom 5.38
  6.  United States 5.32
  7.  France 5.31
  8.  Canada 5.28
  9.  Sweden 5.24
  10.  Singapore 5.23
  11.  Australia 5.17
  12.  New Zealand 5.17
  13.  Netherlands 5.14
  14.  Japan 5.13
  15.  Hong Kong 5.11
  16.  Iceland 5.10
  17.  Finland 5.10
  18.  Belgium 5.04
  19.  Ireland 5.01
  20.  Portugal 5.01
  21.  Denmark 4.98
  22.  Norway 4.95
  23.  Luxembourg 4.93
  24.  Malta 4.92
  25.  South Korea 4.91
  26.  Italy 4.90
  27.  Barbados 4.88
  28.  United Arab Emirates 4.86
  29.  Cyprus 4.84
  30.  Estonia 4.82

2011 Ranking

Top 30 Countries

  1.   Switzerland 5.68
  2.  Germany 5.60
  3.  Austria 5.41
  4.  France 5.41
  5.  Sweden 5.34
  6.  United States 5.30
  7.  United Kingdom 5.30
  8.  Spain 5.29
  9.  Canada 5.29
  10.  Singapore 5.23
  11.  Iceland 5.19
  12.  Hong Kong 5.19
  13.  Australia 5.15
  14.  Netherlands 5.13
  15.  Luxembourg 5.08
  16.  Denmark 5.05
  17.  Finland 5.02
  18.  Portugal 5.01
  19.  New Zealand 5.00
  20.  Norway 4.98
  21.  Ireland 4.98
  22.  Japan 4.94
  23.  Belgium 4.92
  24.  Cyprus 4.89
  25.  Estonia 4.88
  26.  Malta 4.88
  27.  Italy 4.87
  28.  Barbados 4.84
  29.  Greece 4.78
  30.  United Arab Emirates 4.78

Top 10 Ranking by Continent

The number in parentheses in the continent ranking corresponds to the position in the world's ranking for the overall index for 2011.[4]

2009 Ranking

Top 20 Countries

  1.   Switzerland 5.68
  2.  Austria 5.46
  3.  Germany 5.41
  4.  France 5.34
  5.  Canada 5.32
  6.  Spain 5.29
  7.  Sweden 5.28
  8.  United States 5.28
  9.  Australia 5.24
  10.  Singapore 5.24
  11.  United Kingdom 5.22
  12.  Hong Kong 5.18
  13.  Netherlands 5.09
  14.  Denmark 5.08
  15.  Finland 5.07
  16.  Iceland 5.07
  17.  Portugal 5.01
  18.  Ireland 4.99
  19.  Norway 4.97
  20.  New Zealand 4.94

Top 10 Ranking by Continent

The number in parentheses in the continent ranking corresponds to the position in the world's ranking for the overall index for 2009.[3]

2008 Ranking

Top 20 Countries

  1.   Switzerland 5.63
  2.  Austria 5.43
  3.  Germany 5.41
  4.  Australia 5.34
  5.  Spain 5.30
  6.  United Kingdom 5.28
  7.  United States 5.28
  8.  Sweden 5.27
  9.  Canada 5.26
  10.  France 5.23
  11.  Iceland 5.16
  12.  Finland 5.11
  13.  Denmark 5.10
  14.  Hong Kong 5.09
  15.  Portugal 5.09
  16.  Singapore 5.06
  17.  Norway 5.05
  18.  Netherlands 5.01
  19.  New Zealand 4.96
  20.  Luxembourg 4.95

Top 10 Ranking by Continent

The number in parentheses in the continent ranking corresponds to the position in the world's ranking for the overall index in 2008.[2]

Top 2 Oceania

  1.  Australia 5.34 (4)
  2.  New Zealand 4.96 (19)

References

  1. ↑ Jennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, ed. (2007). "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007" (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Jennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, ed. (2008). "Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2008" (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
  3. 1 2 3 Jennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, ed. (2009). "Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009". World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
  4. 1 2 3 Jennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, ed. (2011). "Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011" (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
  5. 1 2 3 "Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021 - Rebuilding for a Sustainable and Resilient Future" (PDF). World Economic Forum. May 2022.
  6. ↑ Blanke and Chiesa (2008), Executive Summary, pp. xiv
  7. ↑ "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019". World Economic Forum. September 2019.
  8. ↑ "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017" (PDF). World Economic Forum. April 2017.
  9. ↑ "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015" (PDF). World Economic Forum. May 2015.
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