2010 Tour de France
2010 UCI World Ranking, race 17 of 26
Map of France with red lines indicating the route of the 2010 Tour de France, showing that this Tour started in the Netherlands, visited the Alps and then the Pyrenees, and finished in Paris.
Route of the 2010 Tour de France
Race details
Dates3–25 July 2010
Stages20 + Prologue
Distance3,642 km (2,263 mi)
Winning time91h 59' 27"
Results
Winner  Alberto Contador Andy Schleck (LUX) (Team Saxo Bank)
  Second  Denis Menchov Samuel Sánchez (ESP) (Euskaltel–Euskadi)
  Third  Jurgen Van den Broeck (BEL) (Omega Pharma–Lotto)
Points  Alessandro Petacchi (ITA) (Lampre–Farnese)
Mountains  Anthony Charteau (FRA) (Bbox Bouygues Telecom)
Youth  Andy Schleck (LUX) (Team Saxo Bank)
Combativity  Sylvain Chavanel (FRA) (Quick-Step)
Team Team RadioShack

The 2010 Tour de France was the 97th edition of the Tour de France cycle race, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It started on 3 July with an 8.9 km prologue time trial in Rotterdam, the first start in the Netherlands since 1996.[1] The race visited three countries: the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and finished on 25 July on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.

The total length was 3,642 kilometres (2,263 mi) including 60.9 kilometres (37.8 mi) in time-trials. Following an opening prologue time trial, the first three stages passed through the Netherlands and Belgium on routes designed to replicate some features of the spring classic cycle races. This included seven cobblestone sectors totaling 13.2 kilometres (8.2 mi), the longest distance of cobblestones in the Tour since 1983, on stage 3.[2] There were six mountain stages, three of them with mountaintop finishes, and two medium mountain stages. In the 100th anniversary year of their first inclusion on the Tour, the emphasis was on the Pyrenees, with two ascents of the Col du Tourmalet.[2]

The Tour was initially won by Alberto Contador, who was later revealed to have failed a doping test. After a series of events, the CAS finally decided in February 2012 that Contador would lose his results from 2010, declaring Andy Schleck the new winner.[3] Schleck also won the young riders' competition for the third time running. France's Anthony Charteau won the polkadot jersey as the King of the Mountains whilst the Italian sprinter Alessandro Petacchi won the green jersey for victory in the points classification.

Teams

Twenty-two teams with a total of nine riders accepted invitations to participate in the 2010 Tour de France.[4] Sixteen of the teams were covered by a September 2008 agreement with the Union Cycliste Internationale, including two no longer part of the UCI ProTour. Six other teams, including the four ProTour teams not guaranteed a place, accepted their invitations.[5]

The teams entering the race were:[6]

Qualified teams

Invited teams

†: Teams not part of the ProTour.

Pre-race favourites

Before the start of the race, Contador was the overall race favourite.[7][8] Among the other favourites were Andy Schleck, Cadel Evans, and Lance Armstrong. The US media, led by the US Tour broadcaster Versus, pitched the race as a showdown between Contador and Armstrong, both multi-tour champions going in. It has been since pointed out, however, that Armstrong's chances were perhaps exaggerated prior to the race; the two had already met that year in a two-day race in March at the Critérium International and Contador had finished four minutes ahead of Armstrong.[9]

Route and stages

The official Tour presentation was held on 14 October 2009. It was the third consecutive Grand Tour to begin in the Netherlands, as the 2009 Vuelta a España began in Assen, and the 2010 Giro d'Italia in Amsterdam.[10] The race consisted of nine flat stages, six mountain stages (three summit finishes), four medium mountain stages, and two individual time trials, one of them being the opening prologue in Rotterdam.[2] The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,115 m (6,939 ft) at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 17.[11][12]

Stage characteristics and winners[2][13][14]
Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner
P 3 July Rotterdam (Netherlands) 8.9 km (6 mi) Individual time trial  Fabian Cancellara (SUI)
1 4 July Rotterdam to Brussels (Belgium) 223.5 km (139 mi) Flat stage  Alessandro Petacchi (ITA)
2 5 July Brussels to Spa (Belgium) 201 km (125 mi) Flat stage  Sylvain Chavanel (FRA)
3 6 July Wanze (Belgium) to Arenberg Porte du Hainaut 213 km (132 mi) Flat cobblestone stage  Thor Hushovd (NOR)
4 7 July Cambrai to Reims 153.5 km (95 mi) Flat stage  Alessandro Petacchi (ITA)
5 8 July Épernay to Montargis 187.5 km (117 mi) Flat stage  Mark Cavendish (GBR)
6 9 July Montargis to Gueugnon 227.5 km (141 mi) Flat stage  Mark Cavendish (GBR)
7 10 July Tournus to Station des Rousses 165.5 km (103 mi) Medium mountain stage  Sylvain Chavanel (FRA)
8 11 July Station des Rousses to Morzine-Avoriaz 189 km (117 mi) Mountain stage  Andy Schleck (LUX)
12 July Morzine-Avoriaz Rest day
9 13 July Morzine-Avoriaz to Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 204.5 km (127 mi) Mountain stage  Sandy Casar (FRA)
10 14 July Chambéry to Gap 179 km (111 mi) Medium mountain stage  Sérgio Paulinho (POR)
11 15 July Sisteron to Bourg-lès-Valence 184.5 km (115 mi) Flat stage  Mark Cavendish (GBR)
12 16 July Bourg-de-Péage to Mende 210.5 km (131 mi) Medium mountain stage  Joaquim Rodríguez (ESP)
13 17 July Rodez to Revel 196 km (122 mi) Flat stage  Alexander Vinokourov (KAZ)
14 18 July Revel to Ax 3 Domaines 184.5 km (115 mi) Mountain stage  Christophe Riblon (FRA)
15 19 July Pamiers to Bagnères-de-Luchon 187.5 km (117 mi) Mountain stage  Thomas Voeckler (FRA)
16 20 July Bagnères-de-Luchon to Pau 199.5 km (124 mi) Mountain stage  Pierrick Fédrigo (FRA)
21 July Pau Rest day
17 22 July Pau to Col du Tourmalet 174 km (108 mi) Mountain stage  Andy Schleck (LUX)
18 23 July Salies-de-Béarn to Bordeaux 198 km (123 mi) Flat stage  Mark Cavendish (GBR)
19 24 July Bordeaux to Pauillac 52 km (32 mi) Individual time trial  Fabian Cancellara (SUI)
20 25 July Longjumeau to Paris (Champs-Élysées) 102.5 km (64 mi) Flat stage  Mark Cavendish (GBR)
Total 3,642 km (2,263 mi)[15]

Race overview

The race started in Rotterdam with a 9 km prologue won by Fabian Cancellara. Sylvain Chavanel claimed the lead from Cancellara on Stage 2, after a massive crash which involved many riders, most notably Andy Schleck, a contender for overall victory, and Alessandro Petacchi. The riders in the peloton chose to wait for the fallen riders.[16] However, on the cobbles of Stage 3, Cancellara retook the overall lead as Chavanel struggled. Fränk Schleck had to retire from the race, having sustained a collarbone fracture on a crash which delayed many of the riders in the peloton, including Contador and Armstrong who were hopeful of finishing high in the general classification. A number of their rivals, including Andy Schleck, Cadel Evans and Ryder Hesjedal, were ahead of the crash and so were able to gain a time advantage. Green jersey contender Thor Hushovd won the stage and took the lead in the Points classification as Geraint Thomas, who was riding in his second Tour, finished 2nd and took the white jersey from Tony Martin, who had been wearing it since the Prologue.

On Stage 7 Chavanel again raced away from the field to take his second stage win and maillot jaune of the 2010 edition of the race, whilst Andy Schleck took the young riders' classification lead from Thomas. Evans took the yellow jersey from Chavanel the following day on Stage 8, and in turn lost the lead to Schleck on Stage 9 following a rest day.

Lance Armstrong followed by other favourites on stage 9

In Stage 11, Petacchi took the green jersey from Hushovd; Mark Cavendish won the stage, but his leadout rider, Mark Renshaw, was disqualified from the Tour after headbutting Julian Dean while leading out his teammate.[17]

On Stage 15 Schleck was race leader and pressing the pace over the day's final climb of Port de Bales when he threw his chain. Contador and Denis Menchov immediately moved to the front and attacked, pressing the advantage over the crest of the climb and all the way back down into Bagneres-de-Luchon. They were aided by Sammy Sanchez and two others making a group of five riders, all looking to gain time. Schleck chased hard, but had no other riders to help bridge the gap. By stage's end, he had lost the yellow jersey and 39 seconds to Contador. Contador, who now had an eight-second lead in the race, met with a mixed reception as he received the yellow jersey on the podium at the end of the stage.[18]

Contador said that he did not know that Schleck had technical trouble, and that he had already launched an attack by then,[19] but review of the race shows that he was chasing an attack by Schleck, that he nearly struck Schleck as he moved past him, and that he looked back repeatedly on the climb while Schleck struggled to close down the gap.[20][21] Hours later, he apologised for the incident.[22] Although he was criticised by Sean Kelly and a number of riders both past and current,[18] he also found support from the likes of Bernard Hinault, Miguel Induráin, Eddy Merckx and Laurent Jalabert.[23] Cervélo team owner Gerard Vroomen commented: "Contador just gained a great chance to win, but he lost the chance to win greatly."[24] This same stage saw Anthony Charteau take the lead in the King of the Mountains competition from fellow Frenchman Jérôme Pineau.

Alberto Contador in the start of the stage 17 in Pau

The 17th stage was considered this Tour's queen stage. The first-category Col de Marie-Blanque and Col du Soulor climbs preceded a grueling summit finish atop of the Hors Catégorie Col de Tourmalet, the second ascent of the Tourmalet of this year's Tour.[25] The stage turned into a battle between Andy Schleck and Alberto Contador. The tour's top two riders separated themselves from the field on the final climb. Schleck launched numerous attacks upon Contador in the final 15 kilometres, but was unable to separate from him. Contador coolly stayed on Schleck's wheel, and attacked as well once, but was pulled back by Schleck. Schleck went on to take the stage over Contador, who seemed happy to follow Schleck across the line while holding a seemingly unassailable lead in the GC.[26] Meanwhile, Anthony Charteau confirmed his hold on the Polka-dot Jersey, as the Tour completed its final categorised climbs.

On stage 18 Petacchi took the green jersey from Hushovd for the final time. The points classification was hotly contested between these two riders and the jersey changed hands a half dozen times between them throughout the race.

Stage 19 was the final time trial. It was widely expected that Contador would increase his lead over Schleck, who in the past had struggled in this discipline, but the initial going surprised all as Schleck set a high pace that Contador had difficulty matching. By the first time check Schleck had picked up six seconds, cutting Contador's overall lead to just two seconds on the road. By the second time check Contador had recovered his losses and extended his lead over Schleck by six seconds. Over the final third of the course Contador extended his advantage, gaining an additional twenty-five seconds on his rival for an overall gain of thirty-one seconds for the stage.[27] Fabian Cancellara, the Olympic and World Time Trial Champion, won the stage by seventeen seconds over runner-up Tony Martin. In addition Denis Menchov was able to overtake Samuel Sánchez for third place overall, while Ryder Hesjedal was able to move in front of Joaquim Rodríguez for the seventh place slot in the GC. Contador's first-place lead increased to 39 seconds, essentially guaranteeing him the victory.

The final stage was won by Cavendish, who became the first winner of consecutive Champs-Élysées stages. The Manx sprinter won five stages, more than any other rider in 2010 Tour, taking his career tally to 15 stage wins. Original tour winner Alberto Contador finished surrounded by his Astana teammates. This was his third Tour de France in three consecutive entries, after having won it in 2007 and 2009. Schleck finished in second place for the second year in a row (later to receive the victory after Contador's positive test and subsequent ban) and Menchov completed the podium in third place. Petacchi won the Green jersey. His second-place finish in the final stage gave him enough points to finish just above Cavendish and Hushovd. France's Charteau won the Polka dot jersey.[28][29][30]

Doping

In September 2010, Contador revealed that a urine sample he had given on 21 July, a rest day in the 2010 Tour de France, had contained traces of clenbuterol. He has stated, due to the number of other tests he passed and that only a tiny amount of the substance was detected in the one he failed, that food contamination was to blame.[31] The UCI issued a statement reporting that the concentration was 50 picograms per millilitre, and that this was 1/40 the minimum standards of detection capability required by WADA, and that further scientific investigation would be required.[32][33][34][35] In late January 2011, the Spanish Cycling Federation proposed a one-year ban, but it subsequently accepted Contador's appeal and cleared him of all charges. The UCI and the World Anti-Doping Agency each referred the decision independently to the Court of Arbitration for Sport in March 2011, but Contador remained free to ride until their ruling was made.[36] The hearing was delayed until after the 2011 Tour de France at Contador's request and then deferred to November 2011.[37] On 6 February 2012, the CAS stripped Contador of the 2010 title, making Andy Schleck the winner.[3]

Armstrong was stripped of all his professional results from August 1998 to August 2012, including his seven Tour titles on 22 October 2012.[38][39] Armstrong's finish in the 2010 Tour—originally 23rd; 22nd at the time of its stripping—was also stripped. In January 2013, Armstrong admitted to doping in an interview with Oprah Winfrey. Although he admitted to have doped in his seven wins, he denied doping in the 2009 and 2010 Tours. Regardless, Armstrong was stripped of his finishes in those two Tours as well, because his blood values indicated that he doped. USADA's report stated that "The likelihood of Armstrong's blood values from the 2009 and 2010 Tours de France occurring naturally is less than one in a million".[40]

On 10 July 2014, a UCI press release detailing various athlete sanctions specified that Menchov had been banned (for a period of two years) until 9 April 2015 due to adverse biological passport findings. Due to this, he has been disqualified from the 2009, 2010 and 2012 Tours de France.[41]

In May 2011, newspaper l'Equipe published a list of cyclists and an index that indicated the suspicion for doping use.[42]

Classification leadership and minor prizes

There were four main individual classifications contested in the 2010 Tour de France, as well as a team competition. The most important was the general classification, which was calculated by adding each rider's finishing times on each stage.[43] There were no time bonuses given at the end of stages for this edition of the Tour.[44] If a crash had happened within the final 3 km (1.9 mi) of a stage, not including time trials and summit finishes, the riders involved would have received the same time as the group they were in when the crash occurred.[45] The rider with the lowest cumulative time was the winner of the general classification and was considered the overall winner of the Tour.[43] The rider leading the classification wore a yellow jersey.[46]

The second classification was the points classification. Riders received points for finishing in the highest positions in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints during the stage. The points available for each stage finish were determined by the stage's type.[47] The leader was identified by a green jersey.[46]

The third classification was the mountains classification. Most stages of the race included one or more categorised climbs, in which points were awarded to the riders that reached the summit first. The climbs were categorised as fourth-, third-, second- or first-category and hors catégorie, with the more difficult climbs rated lower.[48] The leader wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[46]

The final individual classification was the young rider classification. This was calculated the same way as the general classification, but the classification was restricted to riders who were born on or after 1 January 1985.[48] The leader wore a white jersey.[46]

The final classification was a team classification. This was calculated using the finishing times of the best three riders per team on each stage; the leading team was the team with the lowest cumulative time. The number of stage victories and placings per team determined the outcome of a tie.[49] The riders in the team that lead this classification were identified with yellow number bibs on the back of their jerseys.[46]

In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the rider considered, by a jury, to have "made the greatest effort and who has demonstrated the best qualities of sportsmanship". No combativity awards were given for the time trials and the final stage.[44][50] The winner wore a red number bib the following stage.[44] At the conclusion of the Tour, Sylvain Chavanel was given the overall super-combativity award.[51]

There were also two special awards each with a prize of €5000, the Souvenir Henri Desgrange, given in honour of Tour founder and first race director Henri Desgrange, and the Souvenir Jacques Goddet, given in honour of the second director Jacques Goddet, both to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stages 17 and 16 respectively.[52] Andy Schleck won the Henri Desgrange and Christophe Moreau won the Jacques Goddet.[53][54]

Classification leadership by stage[50][55]
Stage Winner General classification
Yellow jersey		 Points classification
Green jersey		 Mountains classification
Polkadot jersey		 Young rider classification
White jersey		 Team classification
Jersey with yellow number		 Combativity award
Jersey with red number
P Fabian Cancellara Fabian Cancellara Fabian Cancellara no award Tony Martin Team RadioShack no award
1 Alessandro Petacchi Alessandro Petacchi Maarten Wynants
2 Sylvain Chavanel Sylvain Chavanel Sylvain Chavanel Jérôme Pineau Quick-Step Sylvain Chavanel
3 Thor Hushovd Fabian Cancellara Thor Hushovd Geraint Thomas Team Saxo Bank Ryder Hesjedal
4 Alessandro Petacchi Dimitri Champion
5 Mark Cavendish Iván Gutiérrez
6 Mark Cavendish Mathieu Perget
7 Sylvain Chavanel Sylvain Chavanel Andy Schleck Astana Jérôme Pineau
8 Andy Schleck Cadel Evans Rabobank Mario Aerts
9 Sandy Casar Andy Schleck Anthony Charteau Caisse d'Epargne Luis León Sánchez
10 Sérgio Paulinho Jérôme Pineau Mario Aerts
11 Mark Cavendish Alessandro Petacchi Stéphane Augé
12 Joaquim Rodríguez Thor Hushovd Anthony Charteau Team RadioShack Alexander Vinokourov
13 Alexander Vinokourov Alessandro Petacchi Juan Antonio Flecha
14 Christophe Riblon Caisse d'Epargne Christophe Riblon
15 Thomas Voeckler Alberto Contador* Team RadioShack Thomas Voeckler
16 Pierrick Fédrigo Thor Hushovd Carlos Barredo
17 Andy Schleck Alexandr Kolobnev
18 Mark Cavendish Alessandro Petacchi Daniel Oss
19 Fabian Cancellara no award
20 Mark Cavendish
Final Alberto Contador Andy Schleck* Alessandro Petacchi Anthony Charteau Andy Schleck Team RadioShack Sylvain Chavanel
  • In stage 1, David Millar, who was third in the points classification, wore the green jersey, as Fabian Cancellara held the general classification as well as the points classification, and Tony Martin, who was second in the points classification, was wearing the white jersey.
  • In stage 3, Alessandro Petacchi wore the green jersey, as Sylvain Chavanel held the general classification as well as the points classification.
  • In stages 10 through 15, Robert Gesink wore the white jersey, as Andy Schleck held the general classification as well as the youth competition.
  • Alberto Contador wore the yellow jersey from the end of the 15th stage on, but his victory was later stripped due to his positive test. Andy Schleck was second in the general classification during these stages.

Final standings

Legend
A yellow jersey. Denotes the winner of the general classification[46] A green jersey. Denotes the winner of the points classification[46]
A white jersey with red polka dots. Denotes the winner of the mountains classification[46] A white jersey. Denotes the winner of the young rider classification[46]
A white jersey with a yellow number bib. Denotes the winner of the team classification[46] A white jersey with a red number bib. Denotes the winner of the super-combativity award[46]

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[56]
Rank Rider Team Time
DSQ  Alberto Contador (ESP)Team Astana91h 58' 48"
1  Andy Schleck (LUX) Yellow jersey White jerseyTeam Saxo Bank91h 59' 27"
DSQ  Denis Menchov (RUS)Rabobank+1' 22"
2  Samuel Sánchez (ESP)Euskaltel–Euskadi+ 3' 01"
3  Jurgen Van den Broeck (BEL)Omega Pharma–Lotto+ 6' 15"
4  Robert Gesink (NED)Rabobank+ 8' 52"
5  Ryder Hesjedal (CAN)Garmin–Transitions+ 9' 36"
6  Joaquim Rodríguez (ESP)Team Katusha+ 10' 58"
7  Roman Kreuziger (CZE)Liquigas–Doimo+ 11' 15"
8  Chris Horner (USA) A white jersey with a yellow number bib.Team RadioShack+ 11' 23"
9  Luis Leon Sánchez (ESP)Caisse d'Epargne+ 13' 42"
10  Rubén Plaza (ESP)Caisse d'Epargne+ 13' 50"

Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)[57]
Rank Rider Team Points
1  Alessandro Petacchi (ITA) Green jersey Lampre–Farnese 243
2  Mark Cavendish (GBR) Team HTC–Columbia 232
3  Thor Hushovd (NOR) Cervélo TestTeam 222
4  José Joaquín Rojas (ESP) Caisse d'Epargne 179
5  Robbie McEwen (AUS) Team Katusha 179
6  Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR) Team Sky 161
7  Sébastien Turgot (FRA) Bbox Bouygues Telecom 135
8  Gerald Ciolek (GER) Team Milram 126
9  Jürgen Roelandts (BEL) Omega Pharma–Lotto 124
10  Lloyd Mondory (FRA) Ag2r–La Mondiale 119

Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–10)[57]
Rank Rider Team Points
1  Anthony Charteau (FRA) Polka-dotted jersey Bbox Bouygues Telecom 143
2  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Caisse d'Epargne 128
3  Andy Schleck (LUX) Yellow jersey White jersey Team Saxo Bank 116
DSQ  Alberto Contador (ESP) Astana 112
4  Damiano Cunego (ITA) Lampre–Farnese 99
5  Samuel Sánchez (ESP) Euskaltel–Euskadi 96
6  Sandy Casar (FRA) Française des Jeux 93
7  Jérôme Pineau (FRA) Quick-Step 92
8  Thomas Voeckler (FRA) Bbox Bouygues Telecom 82
9  Pierrick Fédrigo (FRA) Bbox Bouygues Telecom 72
10  Joaquim Rodríguez (ESP) Team Katusha 66

Young rider classification

Final young rider classification (1–10)[57]
Rank Rider Team Time
1  Andy Schleck (LUX) Yellow jersey White jersey Team Saxo Bank 91h 59′ 27"
2  Robert Gesink (NED) Rabobank + 8′ 52"
3  Roman Kreuziger (CZE) Liquigas–Doimo + 11′ 15"
4  Julien El Fares (FRA) Cofidis + 52′ 43"
5  Cyril Gautier (FRA) Bbox Bouygues Telecom + 1h 24′ 33"
6  Jakob Fuglsang (DEN) Team Saxo Bank + 1h 37′ 53"
7  Rafael Valls (ESP) Footon–Servetto–Fuji + 1h 41′ 48"
8  Pierre Rolland (FRA) Bbox Bouygues Telecom + 1h 46′ 03"
9  Geraint Thomas (GBR) Team Sky + 1h 59′ 26"
10  José Joaquín Rojas (ESP) Caisse d'Epargne + 2h 01′ 19"

Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)[28]
Rank Team Time
1 Team RadioShack A jersey with a black rider number on a yellow background 276h 02' 03"
2 Caisse d'Epargne + 9′ 15"
3 Rabobank + 27′ 48"
4 Ag2r–La Mondiale + 41′ 10"
5 Omega Pharma–Lotto + 51′ 01"
6 Astana + 56′ 16"
7 Quick-Step + 1h 06′ 23"
8 Euskaltel–Euskadi + 1h 23′ 02"
9 Liquigas–Doimo + 1h 29′ 14"
10 Bbox Bouygues Telecom + 1h 54′ 18″

References

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  24. ↑ Delaney, Ben (19 July 2010). "Lance Armstrong, other Tour riders, react to Port de Bales chain debate". VeloNews. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
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  27. ↑ Seán Fay / Eurosport. "Tour de France – Cavendish bursts to win in Bordeaux – Yahoo! Eurosport". Uk.eurosport.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  28. 1 2 Tan, Anthony (25 July 2010). "Three victories from France for Contador!" [Tres victorias de Francia para Contador!]. Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  29. ↑ Felix Lowe / Eurosport. "Tour de France – Cav wins, Contador makes it three – Yahoo! Eurosport". Uk.eurosport.yahoo.com. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  30. ↑ Williams, Richard (25 July 2010). "Tour de France 2010: Protocol observed for Alberto Contador's coronation". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 28 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
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  32. ↑ "Contador suspended after positive test – Yahoo! Eurosport". Uk.eurosport.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  33. ↑ "Alberto Contador Tests Positive For Clenbuterol". Cyclingnews.com. 29 September 2010. Archived from the original on 2 October 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  34. ↑ Greg Johnson. "Alberto Contador Suspended Over Traces of Clenbuterol From Tour de France Test". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  35. ↑ Laura Weislo (30 September 2010). "Contador's Scientific Expert De Boer Details Defense". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  36. ↑ UCI appeals Contador decision to Court of Arbitration for Sport Archived 26 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine Cycling News 24 March 2011
  37. ↑ "Alberto Contador's doping case delayed until November". The Guardian. UK. 26 July 2011. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  38. ↑ Walsh, David (22 October 2012). "Covering Lance Armstrong was a wild ride, but the truth came out". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
  39. ↑ "Lance Armstrong Receives Lifetime Ban And Disqualification of Competitive Results For Doping Violations Stemming From His Involvement in the United States Postal Service Pro-Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy – U.S. Anti-Doping Agency". USADA. 24 August 2012. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  40. ↑ Daniel Benson (10 October 2012). "USADA believes one-in-a-million chance Armstrong rode 2009, 2010 Tours clean". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
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  43. 1 2 Race regulations 2010, p. 36.
  44. 1 2 3 Race regulations 2010, p. 38.
  45. ↑ Race regulations 2010, p. 32.
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Race regulations 2010, p. 29.
  47. ↑ Race regulations 2010, pp. 36–37.
  48. 1 2 Race regulations 2010, p. 37.
  49. ↑ Race regulations 2010, pp. 37–38.
  50. 1 2 van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 2010" [Information about the Tour de France from 2010]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  51. ↑ Augendre 2016, p. 101.
  52. ↑ Race regulations 2010, p. 23.
  53. ↑ Clarke, Les (20 July 2009). "Fedrigo prevails in Pau". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  54. ↑ Clarke, Les (22 July 2010). "Schleck takes stage win atop Col du Tourmalet". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  55. ↑ "Tour de France 2010 – Leaders overview". ProCyclingStats. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  56. 1 2 "Tour de France 2010 – Standings - Stage 20". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 8 August 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  57. 1 2 3 "The history of the Tour de France – Year 2010 – Stage 20 Longjumeau > Paris Champs-Élysées". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.

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